Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Flame Photometric Studies: Part A: Studies Of The Extraction And Flame Emission Of Yttrium; Part B: Droplet Size Of Aerosols In Flame Photometry; Part C: Studies Of The Reaction Zone Of An Oxygen­ Acetylene Flame, William Joseph Carnes

Doctoral Dissertations

Although the flame spectrum of yttrium has been well defined in previous work, very little information was available in regard to the effect of spectral and radiation interferences, other than the rare earths, upon the emission of yttrium. Information regarding the optimum conditions for the flame-photometric determination of yttrium was lack­ing also. The main objective of this phase of work was clarification of these points. Development of a suitable method of analysis for yttrium was also considered.

Some Reactions Of Phenothiazine And Certain Benzophenothiazines, John Charles Gilmer

Doctoral Dissertations

Summary

The consideration of the medical importance of phenothiazine derivatives and the known cancer chemotherapeutic value of the nitrogen mustards made the synthesis of some nitrogen mustard derivatives of the phenothiazines of particular interest. In the course of this research the N-{2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]ethyl} derivatives of phenothiazine, 7H-benzo[c]phenothiazine, 7H-dibenzo[c, h] phenothiazine, and 14H-dibenzo[a, h] phenothiazine were synthesized for anticancer evaluation. Also submitted to the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center for testing were the N-(2-chloroethyl) monofunctional nitrogen mustard derivatives of the first three phenothiazines mentioned above.

Hyperfine Splitting In Aromatic Free Radicals, Juana Acrivos

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Buttressing Effect In 3, 3' -Disubstituted-2, 2' -Three-Carbon-Atom Bridged Biphenyls, Yunn Hui Chiang

Masters Theses

Introduction

The configuration of biphenyl has been the subject of much investigation and many recent reviews (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 21, 22). Of particular interest has been the configuration of 2,2' -bridged biphenyl derivatives. The preparation of an optically active 2,2' -three-carbon-atom-bridged biphenyl having an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 250 mμ, has been recently described (14). Although the compound was easily racemized, this property requires that a non-planar configuration be assigned to this biphenyl (I). Furthermore, this ultraviolet spectra indicates that inter-ring conjugation must exist in the non-planar configuration.

A Thermodynamic Study Of Step-Wise Complex Formation In Several Aqueous Copper (Ii)-Amino Acid Systems, Vipin M. Kothari

Theses and Dissertations

pK_n values for step-wise dissociation of protons from the protonated ligands (glycine, α-amino isobutyric acid, sarcosine and theonine) were determined potentiometrically with a Beckman Model GS pH meter in aqueous solution at 10, 20, 30 and 40° C. Log K values for step-wise interaction of glycine, α-amino isobutyric acid, sarcosine and threonine with copper(II) ion were also determined potentiometrically with a pH meter at 10, 20, 30 and 40° C. The standard free energy of formation for the step-wise interaction of copper(II) with each of the above ligands was calculated from the values of log K. Enthalpy and entropy changes …

4th Annual Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Abstracts of papers presented at the 4th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 10-11, 1961.

A Study Of Catalytic Reactions On Semiconductors: Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange And Formic Acid Decomposition On Chemically-Doped Germanium, George Edward Moore

Doctoral Dissertations

Summary: Rates and activation energies for the hydrogen-deuterium exchange and formic acid vapor decomposition were measured on a series of chemically-doped germanium catalyst over the temperature range 100° to 400°. The germanium catalyst were intrinsic, and n or p-type extrinsic semiconductors; the position of the Fermi level of the solid was located suitably on the forbidden energy gap.

Kinetic parameters of the exchange and decomposition reactions were related to the Fermi level (electronic chemical potential) of the solid. Their dependence suggested that the rate-limiting processes involved electronic charge shifts between adsorbate and semiconductor.

Two different rate processes appeared to …

Competitive Catalytic Hydrogenation Of Benzene, Toluene, And The Polymethylbenzenes On Platinium, Charles Phillip Rader

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: This investigation embraced a comparison of the relative rates of hydrogenation on platinum of benzene and several of its methyl-substituted derivatives with their relative strengths of adsorption on the active spots of the catalyst surface. It consisted of the determination of the rate of reduction of the individual hydrocarbons and a variety of their binary mixtures. Its ultimate goal was to aid in the elucidation of the mechanism by which the benzene nucleus accepts hydrogen on a platinum surface.

A Thermodynamic Study Of Complex Formation In Aqueous Solution.|Ni.|Pthe Hg(Ii)-, Zn(Ii)-, Cd(Ii)-, Ag(I)-Serine Systems.|Nii.|Pthe Hg(Ii)-, Zn(Ii)-, Cd(Ii)-, In(Iii)- Thioglycollic Acid System :|Ba Study Of The Effect Of D[Pi]-D[Pi] Bonding On These Complexes, Marriner Lee Morrell

Theses and Dissertations

Thermodynamic equilibrium constants were obtained potentiometrically using a Beckman pH meter for metal-serine and metal-thioglycolloc acid complexes to study the thermodynamic properties of the complexes and the effect of dπ - dπ bonding on the equilibrium constants. The following calculations were made: 1. The stepwise dissociation of protons from serine at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C and the stepwise dissociation of protons from thioglycollic acid at 20, 30, and 40°C. 2. The thermodynamic formation constants for Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Ag(I) with serine at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C and at two ionic strengths. 3. The thermodynamic formation constants for …

The Influence Of Temperature And Some Other Factors On The Biological And Nonbiological Oxidation Of Chalcopyrite, Pyrite And Copper Sulfide, Ezra Revier Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was: (1) to find the effect of temperature on the wet oxidation of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and copper sulfide over the biological and nonbiological range; (2) to determine the influence of ferrous and ferric iron and free oxygen(air) on the oxidation. The sulfide minerals studied were oxidized over a range of temperatures between 25° to 75° C. The optimum biological oxidation occurred near 35° C. The nonbiological oxidation was very slow at low temperatures but increased with increasing temperature. The effect of solutions used in leaching the various sulfides over the temperature range differred. A synthetic …

Investigation Of The Platinum-Rich Portion Of The Platinum-Tantalum Phase Diagram, Bob Dean Browning

Theses and Dissertations

The Pt-Ta binary system was investigated at two isotherms;1000°C and 1500°C, and at eleven alloy compositions in the range of 50 to 100 atomic percent platinum. The alloys were examined by x-ray diffraction and metallography. Three intermetallic compounds, Pt₂Ta, Pt₃Ta, and Pt₄Ta were found to exist in this composition range. The Pt₄Ta intermetallic appeared only at the 1500°C isotherm. Platinum dissolved tantalum substitutionally to 90 atomic percent at 1500 °C and to approximately 80 atomic percent at 1000 °C.

Perfection Of The Lattice Of Dislocation-Free Silicon, Studied By The Lattice-Constant And Density Method, Martin E. Straumanis, Pierre Borgeaud, William Joseph James

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The lattice-constant and density method revealed that a high-purity silicon crystal free of dislocations has a perfect lattice without an excess of vacant sites or interstitials (n′=8.0000 4) within the limits of error, in agreement with the results obtained with the decoration method. The lattice constant of vacuum heated silicon powder of semiconductor purity was 5.43070±0.00004 A; that of the nonheat-treated powder was 5.43081 A at 25°C. The constants determined from crystal chips by the rotating crystal method were lower: between 5.43028-5.43048 A at 25°C. As the constants of each series of measurements could be reproduced very well (s=±0.00004 A), …

An Investigation Of The Isotopic Exchange Of Arsenic Atoms Between Arsenic(Iii) And Arsenic(V) In Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solutions, Lewis L. Anderson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A spectrophotometric investigation was initiated in order to provide additional evidence for the existence of chemically nonequivalent species of arsenic(V) in 10.9 f hydrochloric acid solution.

Operational Characteristics Of A Fission Gas Detector, Raymond Curtis Lee

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: One of the major problems associated with the operation of nuclear reactors is the radioactivity hazard caused by the release of fission products from the fuel. In a solid-fuel reactor, the uranium is usually present in an allow or in the form of UO₂, either in the pure state or mixed with other oxides which improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the material. As the fuel material undergoes fission in the reactor, radioactive fission products are produced. If they were not prevented from doing so, these fission products would diffuse out of the fuel material, enter …

Synthesis Of Hemimellitine, James Jacob Nigriny

Honors Theses

The purpose of this work is the synthesis of hemimellitine or 1, 2, 3 - trimethyl benzene. After library research (done mostly by John Peeling, Union '61) and with the assistance of Dr. Howard Sheffer, two pathways to hemimellitine were devised. Throughout the course of this project the lack of known compounds with which to compare intermediate products has presented difficulties in the identification of the intermediate products. However, the procedure followed here, i.e. using two different pathways to the same and product with some intermediates the same in both, has enabled us to compare the similar intermediates for identification …

Preparation Of 1, 2, 3-Trimethylbenzene, John Horace Peeling

Honors Theses

The purpose of this project is the synthesis 1, 2, 3-trimethylbenzene or hemimellitene as an intermediate for further research. The synthesis was carried out using two different approaches.

Phase Diagram Of The Solid-Liquid System 1-Methylnaphthalene--2-Methylnaphthalene, Michael Allan Schroeder

Honors Theses

The subject of this paper is the freezing point-composition diagram of the system 1-methylnapthalene--2-methylnaphthalene. The reason for writing this paper was that it was felt the resulting phase diagram might be of use in the separation of mixtures of the two components, since they frequently occur together in petrolem, and the preparation of 2-methylnapthalene by Friedel-Crafts alkylation also results in the formation of some l-methylnaphthalene. Also, it was felt that it would be of interest to determine the phase diagram for a system of two compounds as similar as these.

The Reaction Of N, N-Disubstituted Ketohydrazones With Lead Tetraacetate, Elisabeth Cerda

Masters Theses

Introduction

The reaction of lead tetraacetate with compounds of the following general structure (not able to enter here) was first reported by Iffland and Criner (12). In the case of ketoximes (A = oxygern), a nitrosoacetate was produced which was oxidized to the more stable acetoxy-nitrocompound as follows: (not able to enter here)

The generality of the reaction was established by preparation of a series of acetoxy-nitrocompounds from alicyclic and aliphatic ketoximes. The apparently similar reaction of cyclohexanonephenylhydrazone (A = N-¢) with lead tetraacetate was reported, but the reaction product was not identified.

Experiments In General Chemistry, John Howard Adams

Honors Theses

The investigations described here in are concerned with several problems. The original investigation dealt with a common qualitative test for the presence of cobalt ion. The test involves the use of alcoholic ammonium thiocyanate which results in the formation of the unstable blue complexion Co(SCN)4.

The Detection Of Pesticide Residues In Water Supplies, David Lee Barry

Honors Theses

The use of organic chemicals as pesticides has increased greatly in recent years and continues to do so, since these pesticides offer advantages of greater effectiveness, more selectivity, and lower toxicity to mammals, than the previously used inorganic pesticides, such as arsenic compounds. The problem of pollution of water supplies by these pesticides becomes more important with this increasing usage, and with the increasing pressures on our water resources. Pesticides may find their way into water supplies by various means, such as runoff of rain water from crop land or other pesticide-treated land, direct application to bodies of water, for …

Synthesis And Analyses Of Kau(Cn)4, Henry K. Lutz

Honors Theses

In recent years many investigators have sought to measure the rate of exchange between two different oxidation states of an element in aqueous solution. The results of such studies often lead to a clearer understanding of the intermediate steps of the chemical reactions of ions of elements. Sunce much of the chemistry of gold is insufficiently understoof, it seems desireable to look for a measurable rate of exchange between the various oxidation states of this element.

Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Water, Jerry Lee Thurston

Honors Theses

To find a rapid qualitative test to detect organic pesticides in water, the following method is proposed: 1. Extraction of the pesticide from water by use of an organic solvent 2. Use of gas chromatography with a collection to separate the pesticide from other substances soluble in the solvent 3. Use of an infrared spectrum for identification of the pesticide.

Phase Equilibria In Fused Salt Systems: Binary Systems Of Plutonium(Iii) Chloride With The Chlorides Of Magnesium, Calcium Strontium, And Barium, Karl W. R. Johnson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Fused salt systems containing oxides have received the most attention to date, because of their occurrence in minerals and ores and their application to ceramics. The next most widely studied of group of compounds are the metal halides, particularly the metal chlorides. Despite the fact that many of the metal chlorides are hygroscopic, the salts lend themselves to experimentation because a large majority undergo stable solid-liquid transformations below 1000 degrees C, are generally ionic, and are relatively non-corrosive.

Experimental Studies Of The Visible Absorption Spectrum Of Titanium (Iii) Acetylacetonate In Solutions And Rigid Glasses, Arthur L. Langhorst Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Titanium (III) acetylacetonate was synthesized and the visible absorption spectrum was measured. A prominent absorption band, ^ymax at approximately 6000 was found with molar absorption coefficient of ~1000. The spectrum was investigated at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 77 degrees K. At 7 7 degrees K the band was resolved into five well defined peaks at 4750, 5100, 5520, 5950 and 6460. An apparatus for obtaining spectrophotometric measurements of solution and rigid glasses was designed and fabricated.

The Synthesis Of Potential Antitumor Compounds, Duane L. Aldous

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The antitumor activity found in such ring systems as the purine, pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine, and the 8-azapurine prompted the preparation of the imidazo [4,5-d] pyridazine ring system. Castle and Seese were one of the first to study this ring system. 4-Aminoimidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine possessed some anitumor activity. This antitumor activity suggested the preparation of the 4,7-disubstituted-aminoimidazo{4,5-d]pyridazines reported here. The antileukemic activity reported for 6-purinethiol led to the synthesis of several 4- and/or 7-mono-and disubstitutedthioimidazo[4,5-d]pyridazines.

Spectroscopic Studies Of The Luminescences Of Rare Earth Chelates, Ruth Elaine Whan

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A variety of lanthanide chelates were prepared for preliminary luminescence studies under excitation by ultraviolet light. From these, chelates of benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, tribenzoylmethane, and 8-hydroxyquinoline were selected for more extensive investigation. Energies of the lowest excited singlet and triplet states of the chelates were determined. Average values of 24,500 cm^-1 and 20,500 cm^-1 respectively were obtained for the dibenzoylmethides and 24,400 cm^-1 and 21,450 cm^-1 for the benzoylacetonates. Only small variations of a few hundred wavenumbers in the positions of the excited states were found as the chelated ion was varied.

Sedimentation And Diffusion Coefficients Of Legoglobin Fractions, Alfonso R. Trujillo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The preparation of root nodule extract by Virtanen, et. al., has created a good deal of interest in the study of plant hemoglobin (legoglobin). In the preparation of any new substances, it is of interest to determine the physical constants of the new species.

The Mineral Content Of Various Sections Of Some Plants As Influenced By Conditions Associated With Lime-Induced Chlorosis, Hyrum Del Var Petersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The so-called "lime-induced" chlorosis has been recognized for many years as a problem where plants are grown on calcareous soils. The characteristics associated with lime-induced chlorosis are the same as those associated with iron deficiency chlorosis--interveinal yellowing of the leaves at the meristemic region combined with reduced vigor of the plant as a whole. Lime-induced chlorosis is unique in that the iron content of both chlorotic plant and the soil do not always show a deficiency in iron when chemically analyzed. This leads to the theory that iron is inactivated in both the soil and plant.

Although no single factor …

Phosphorus Status Of Genola Soils In Utah, Warren E. Bendixen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With increasing pressure on economical production of crops, more fertilizers are being applied to the soil each year to increase crop yields. Economical production of crops with applications of fertilizer requires an evaluation of the essential elements of the various crops so applications of fertilizer will not exceed the law of diminishing returns.

Because varying soil, moisture, and climatic conditions influence the response to added fertilizers, some workers (18, 26, 38) have contended that the only reliable way of determining the fertilization needs of a crop is to conduct a trial on the particular farm. The length of time involved …

The Effect Of Moisture And Temperature On Transformation Of Applied Ammonium Sulfate In Several Western Soils, Lloyd Richard Hossner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite and nitrate forms of nitrogen has aroused much attention in the past and continues to receive much of the energy of the present day researcher.