Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Intracellular Degradation Of Ribosomes In A Mesophilic And A Thermophilic Species Of Bacillus, Joe William Davis

Dissertations

The rates of intracellular degradation of ribosomal proteins were compared in a mesophilic and a thermophilic species of Bacillus. Cells were grown under various incubation conditions in the presence of a 14^C-protein hydrolysate m order to label the ribosomes. Rates of ribosome degradation were evaluated in terms of changes in the specific activity of in vivo ribosomes as a function of incubation time. The results indicated that, under most conditions, ribosomes were degraded (in vivo) at similar rates in both the mesophile and the thermophile. In some studies, ribosome degradation rates were slightly faster for the thermophile than for the …

A Potentiometric Gaseous Hydrogen Sensor, Anne Guillory

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The development of a potentiometric gaseous hydrogen sensor using a 75% palladium - 25% silver alloy as a selectively hydrogen permeable electrode is described. The sensor showed some promise when used with a molten base electrolyte. Other electrolytes are investigated at ambient and higher temperatures. Various cell designs including a platinum/silver-silver chloride sensor with a gel electrolyte are discussed.

The Use Of Fluorescence Quenching Measurements To Study The Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Of 2-Aceotonaphthone, Elie K. Fraiji Jr

Honors Theses

2-Acetonaphthone (2-AN) is an unusual molecule in that it will only fluoresce in the presence ot strong hydrogen bond donors such as water. Less than a 10 mol % addition of a weaker hydrogen bonding molecule such as ethanol results in significant quenching of the 2-AN fluorescence in water. We have used this behavior to monitor the binding of 2-AN to the ethanol-like interior of the α-, β-, and y-Cyclodextrin (CD) C2'1ities. The addition of CO's to aqueous solutions of 2-AN causes a dramatic quenching of the 2-AN fluorescence. Because the quenching is static, we attribute the observed behavior to …

Analysis Of Dolemitic Limestone Ore Using Direct Current Plasma Spectroscopy, Edward M. Kulback

Honors Theses

Four samples of dolemitic limestone ore, provided by the Thorne-Smith Company were analyzed for trace elements. Composition of limestone is important because this ore is often found with ground water (a primary source of drinking water); and in acidic conditions, certain elements can leach out of the ore and into the water supply, possibly in toxic levels, depending on the element. The elements that were found are: aluminum, iron, manganese, tin, and chromium. This last element is of particular concern because it appears in the ore in relatively high concentrations, and chromium can be a very toxic substance if its …

Linear Free Energy Correlations Of The Effect Of Substituents On The Cinnamaldehyde-Bisulfite Reaction, Susanne M. Hoff

Honors Theses

This thesis was primarily concerned with the correlation of the kinetics and equilibrium of the cinnamaldehyde-bisulfite reaction with the effect of ortho, meta, and para substituents. The cinnamaldehyde-bisulfite reaction is seen below: where X=p-NMe2, p-MeO, p-Me, H, p-Cl, p-Br, p-NO2, m-Br, o-NO2, and o-MeO. The cinnamaldehydes were synthesized via a crossed aldol condensation reaction between acetaldehyde and the corresponding substituted benzaldehyde. The equilibrium constant and second order rate constant for the cinnamaldehyde-bisulfite reaction were determined through UV-visible spectroscopy. The equilibrium and kinetics data was then correlated by Hammet’s equation (log K/KH=pσ°) for the meta and para derivatives. In order to …

Conformational Energy Calculations Of The Pentapeptide Phe-Dphe-Asn-Gln-Tyr Of Tyrocidine, Douglas H. Reamer

Honors Theses

By virtue of employing a modified version of a popular program for the calculation of polypeptide conformational energies, the lowest energy conformation of the tyrocidine molecule is being sought. This antibiotic molecule, a cyclic decapeptide, invited study due to its role in the process of bacterial sporulation in the Bacillus Brevis ATCC 818!2 strain. In the process of performing this investigation, lists of monopeptide lowest energy conformations, as determined by x-ray crystallographic studies, were combined to yield all possible combinations of half of the polypeptide chain. Beginning with a dipeptide, the conformations of lowest energy were calculated within a 'local-minimum' …

The Synthesis Of Allylic Organotin Compounds For The Enantioselective Formation Of Homoallylic Alcohols, Jean-Claude David Abed

Honors Theses

Allylic tins when reacted with aldehydes are known to be diastereoselective for the resulting homoallylic alcohols. It is believed that a diastereomeric transition state can be created if the allylic tin contains a chiral ligand. Enantiomerically enriched α-pinene was chosen for the chiral ligand and brominated by an electroptilic addition of HBr to form enantiomerically enriched endo-2-bromobornane. This was then reacted with various alkyltin anions prepared from the chlorides, R3SnCl (R=Ph, Bu, & Me). Of the alkyltin chlorides chosen Me3SnCl produced the desired product in the best yield; the others were either very slow in reacting or unreactive. The final …

X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Studies Of Soil Containing Chromium Immobilized By Microwave Treatment, Nagui Ibrahim

Theses

The orientation of soil contaminants such as chromium is altered during microwave heating. The SEM and EDS were utilized in the study. The nature of the orientation is related to the heating time. This results in immobilizing the contaminant in leaching tests. The non-leachibility was related to the reactivity of the chromium salt with the soil hematite phase (Fe2O3) during the microwaving. This was proved By the X-ray diffraction analysis. The spectrums obtained from 30 and 60 minutes microwaved samples were identical in the crystal phases and were significantly different from the contaminated unheated sample.

Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoretic Analysis Of Cellular Proteins From Escherichia Coli In The Presence Of Mutated And Homologous Genes For 4.5s Rna, Michael O'Loughlin

Senior Scholar Papers

4.5S RNA is a small. stable, required molecule in Escherichia coli whose precise function is not known. Previous evidence suggests an involvement with the ribosome during translation. In this study, four base insertion and four base deletion mutations were constructed in a plasmid borne copy of the 4.55 RN A gene. These copies and two homologous genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Thermus thermophilus were transformed into an E. coli strain which then had its only wild-type 4.5S RNA gene inactivated. In order to assess the effect of the alternative gene copies. the patterns of proteins synthesized in the presence of …

A Prostaglandin Synthase Inhibition Assay With Detection By Elisa, Patricia Scott

Theses & Honors Papers

A simple, reliable method is described for the routine measurement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthase. Appropriate concentrations of inhibitor are incubated with ram seminal vesical prostaglandin synthase, sodium arachidonate and reduced glutathione. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production is then quantitated by and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), in which anti-PGE₂ antibody is utilized in a binding competition between test sample and adsorbed conjugate of PGE₂-BSA. The antibody which remains bound to the solid phase is quantitatively determined colorimetrically by incubation with horse radish peroxidase labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG followed by …

Kinetics Of The Metal-Exchange Reaction Between Ortho-Phospho-Dl -Serinenickelate(Ii) And Copper(Ii), Jeffrey M. Peterman

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Reaction Of Organoboranes With N-Chloro-N-Sodiocarbamates: A Convenient Synthesis Of N-Alkylcarbamates, Nanette M. Wachter-Jurcsak

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

N-alkylcarbamic acid esters are used extensively as fungicides, herbicides and pesticides. Industrial methods of preparation employ highly toxic reagents in their synthesis. Convenient and safe alternative methods are necessary.

Organoboranes are electrophilic compounds which can be employed as a source of alkyl substituents. They have been shown to successfully transfer alkyl groups to the nitrogen of chloramines. N-Alkylation of carbamic acid esters by reacting the corresponding N-chloro-N-sodiocarbamate with a variety of trialkylboranes is described. The yields of the various N-substituted products are discussed.

Two synthetic methods were devised. Originally, an equivalent of the isolated N-chlorocarbamate salt was added to the …

The Role Of The Voltage Gradient In The Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Of Dna, David Wheeler

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

In Part I of this dissertation, empirical equations for predicting DNA mobility during agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) from voltage gradient are developed from the data of McDonnel (36) for electrophoresis in a 1.6% agarose gel. These equations represented the data well for DNA between 2 and 10 kilobase pairs (KBp) in length. A computer program, called GELSIM, which incorporates these equations is described in Part II. GELSIM was designed to allow researchers to analyze electrophoresis data by predicting the effect on DNA migration of altering the voltage of electrophoresis. In this way, electrophoretic banding patterns produced using different voltages could …

A Pulse Gas Chromatographic Method For Determining The Dispersion And Surface Area Of Co Oxidation Catalysts, Susan Kay Ohorodnik

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Catalysts composed of platinum and/or palladium on tin(IV) oxide supports with or without silica gel have been developed for the recombination of carbon monoxide and oxygen to form carbon dioxide for use in carbon dioxide lasers. A pulse gas chromatographic method has been developed to measure the chemisorption properties of the catalysts. From the chemisorption measurements, the active surface area and dispersion of the catalysts have been determined.

Synthesis Of Strained Lactams And Study Of Their Energetics And Bonding, Jung-Chou Tsai

Theses

In order to measure nitrogen and oxygen ionization energies of planar and nonplanar lactams, four compounds were synthesized successfully. The comparison of these ionization energies provides a qualitative insight into how the charge distribution of strained lactams varies with molecular geometry. Of special interest was the different ability of amides to exhibit resonance, monitored most sensitively by the core electron energy of nitrogen in the compounds. The nitrogen core (1s) ionization energies for the two nonplanar amides, 1,3-di-tert-butyl aziridinone (405.00 ev) and 1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one (405.47) each having pyramidal nitrogens, indicated a nitrogen more negative than that in the comparable planar amide. …

Studies Of Nitro-Pah On Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Yadan Wang Chen

Theses

A rapid, simple method for routine trace analysis of four isomeric nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) (1-nitropyrene, 2-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) in ambient air particulate matter is described. Two types of air particle sample (TSP and IP10) were collected and particle extracts were prefractionated by thin layer chromatography and the appropriate zones of interest analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. The study of Zn/Si post-column reaction chamber and oxygen scrubber for catalytic reduction of target compounds is also described. Six nitro-PAH compounds were identified in TSP and five in IP10 air particle samples. The results of identification and …

Substituent Effects On The Stereochemistry Of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions To 7-Substituted Norbornadienes, Ramakrishnan Subramanian

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Arenesulfonates: Substituent, Concentration, Counterion, And Solvent Effects, David C. French

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

4-(Phenylsulfonyl) Butanoic Acid: Preparation, Dianion Generation, And Application To Four Carbon Chain Extension ; Studies Of Organophosphorus Compounds Derived From Serine, Jeffrey A. Frick

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

¹⁷O And ³³S Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Some Selected Sulfonates: Concentration And Solvent Dependence, Telitha M. Murray

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Atmospheric Input Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons To The Sea Surface Microlayer, Lino J. Gallo

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Atmospheric input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to water was studied and the effects of sea surface microlayer (SSM) determined. The York River system and the Perrin River areas were monitored with a drum skimmer and a high volume air sampler. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The SSM extracted vapor phase PAH of low molecular weight from the air, and there, aromatic compounds went from dissolved into particulate phase very rapidly. Water covered with a natural SSM received much less atmospheric input of PAH than water without SSM in a given period of time. Henry's law …

The Effects Of Crosslinking On The Stability And Autoxidation Rate Of Human Hemoglobin A, Thao Yang

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Palladium (Ii) Catalyzed Oxidation, Isomerization And Exchange Of Olefins Allylic Alcohols And Allylic Ethers In Water And Methanol Solvents, John Wayne Francis

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Solid State Effects In The Reactions Of The Meta And Pura Trifluorodiazomethane/Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes, Shelley Hunnings Smith

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Imide/Arylene Ether Copolymers, Brian J. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Three different series of imide/arylene ether block copolymers were prepared using two different imide blocks and two different arylene ether blocks. Block molecular weights studied were 3110 and 6545 g/mole for each block and all four combinations possible were prepared in each series. Also, several segmented copolymers were prepared by forming the imide segment and the copolymer in the presence of the pre-formed arylene ether block.

Two amine-terminated poly(arylene ether) blocks (ATPAE) were prepared by reacting 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene with either 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA) or 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPF) and 4-aminophenol. Two anhydride-terminated poly(amic acid) blocks were prepared by reacting 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) or 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy-4’- benzoyl)benzene …

Molecular Mobility In A Model Polymer Composite, Joan Ethel Gambogi

Masters Theses

"The adsorption of aminoalkysilane coupling agents onto silica surfaces and the interaction of these functional silanes with a bismaleimide and an epoxy resin has been studied using solid-state NMR techniques. ¹³C CP-MAS was used to confirm the bonding between the silence and bismaleimide (BMI) resin and elucidate the nature of the crosslinking reaction of BMI. Deuterated coupling agents were synthesized and adsorbed on silica surfaces. The motional dynamics were probed using deuterium solid-echo NMR. It was determined that the motion of the alky portion of the coupling agents was consistent with gauche migrations (gtt ↔ tig) and pair gauche …

The Enhancement Of The Incineration Of Model Volatile Organic Solvents By The Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide As A Novel Oxidative Homogeneous Catalyst, Douglas James Tomlin

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Aqueous Solubility Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures Containing Dissolved Solid Components, George G. Vadas

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Imidization Of Pmr-15 Aromatic Thermosetting Polyimide, Thomas Clifton Prettyman

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Preparation Of And Upper Atmospheric Effects On Kevlar Films, Patricia Lynne Pate

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.