Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Integration Of Scale-Themed Instruction Across The General Chemistry Curriculum And Selected In-Depth Studies, Jaclyn Trate

Theses and Dissertations

In 1982, in response to a growing demand for a scientifically literate population, two organizations, the AAAS and NCISE published reports that proposed using themes to bridge scientific disciplines1,2. The NCISE report identified “9 explanatory concepts” which included organization, cause and effect, systems, scale, models, change, structure or function, discontinuous and continuous properties, and diversity. The AAAS report, as part of Project 2061, identified 4 themes that define science literacy which included systems, models, constancy and change, and scale. In 1993, the AAAS released the Benchmarks for Science Literacy3 which outlined what all students should know or be able to …

Investigation Of Tribochemical Reactions Using The Model System Of Methyl Thiolate On Copper Foil In Ultrahigh Vacuum And Ab-Initio Calculations, Heather Loren Adams

Theses and Dissertations

Advancement in the understanding of tribochemical systems suffers from several obstacles that hinder the progress in advancing an understanding of the fundamental processes involved in the evolution of friction and wear. Characterizing ephemeral chemical states within a buried interface is an experimental challenge and work in this dissertation uses a model system, methyl thiolate on copper foil, that undergoes tribo-activated decomposition to investigate the rate of change of the chemical components in the interface. The elementary steps in the tribochemical reaction were identified and consist of a shear-induced decomposition of methyl thiolate species to produce gas-phase hydrocarbons and form surface …

Short Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of 5-Chloro-7-Benzoyl 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[B]Furan -3-Carboxylic Acid(Brl-37959) And Its Analogs., Shamsul Arefin Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

The synthesis of BRL-37959 has previously been reported. As an NSAID, the compound was tested for and found that it had very low gastric irritancy. Commercially available NSAIDs are non-selective COX inhibitors that enhance the risk of gastric, duodenal mucosal injury or erosions and ulcer problems as well as lead to nephrotoxicity. The COX-2 selective inhibitor Celecoxib (Celebrex) increases the risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, myocardial infarction and stroke as well as increased nephrotoxicity. COX inhibitors are active against inflammation, pain, fever and different types of cancers. Considering the enormous potential benefits and side effects of non-selective COX …

Development Of Pre-Clinical Assays Based On Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Investigate Gabaa Receptor Modulators, Margaret Laurel Guthrie

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-CLINICAL ASSAYS BASED ON TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY TO INVESTIGATE GABAA RECEPTOR MODULATORS

by

Margaret L. Guthrie

The University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, 2017

Under the Supervision of Professor Alexander (Leggy) Arnold

Drugs are compounds that interact with a biological system to produce a specific biological response. The goal of drug discovery is to design and synthesize a pharmaceutical agent that will produce a desired biological effect. However, the in-vivo effects of a drug molecule cannot be predicted without a variety of test results prior to human clinical trials. In order to designate any drug compound as a …

Interaction With Nitric Oxide Of The Nitrosomonas Europaea Tetraheme Protein Cytochrome C554, And Two Of Its Variants, In Increasingly Reducing Environments, Jennifer M. Mcgarry

Theses and Dissertations

A re-investigation of the interaction with NO of the small tetraheme protein cytochrome c554 (C554) from Nitrosomonas europaea has shown that the 5-coordinate heme II of the 2-electron or 4-electron reduced protein will nitrosylate reversibly. The nitrosylation process was found to be first order in C554, first-order in NO, and second-order overall. The rate constant for NO binding to the heme was determined to be 3000 ± 140 M-1s-1, while the rate constant for dissociation was 0.034 ± 0.009 s-1; the degree of protein reduction does not appear to significantly influence the nitrosylation rate. In contrast to a previous report, …

Part – I: Development Of A Two-Step Regiospecific Synthetic Route For Multigram Scale Synthesis Of Β-Carboline Analogs For Studies In Primates As Anti-Alcohol Agents,Part – Ii: Design And Synthesis Of Novel Antimicrobials For The Treatment Of Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections Part – Iii: A Novel Synthetic Method For The Synthesis Of The Key Quinine Metabolite (3s)-3-Hydroxyquinine, Veera Venkata Naga Phani Babu Tiruveedhula

Theses and Dissertations

PART – I

Development of a Two-Step Regiospecifc Synthetic Route for Multigram-Scale Synthesis of β-Carboline Analogs for Studies in Primates as Anti-Alcohol Agents

β-Carboline and their derivatives are important structural motifs in synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry because of their novel biological activity, especially in regard to the reduction of alcohol self-administration [binge drinking (BD)], a major problem increasing day by day in modern society. This anti-alcohol effect is proposed to be due to the activity of ligands at the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor in the central nervous system acting as antagonists at the α1 subunit. The past …

A Theoretical Analysis On The Zintl-Klemm Concept And Its Extensions, Sandra Maria Simon

Theses and Dissertations

The desire to rationalize and explain the complex structures that form in solid states has motivated many to explore collections of structures with similar topologies but with differing compositions in order to determine whether or not similar chemical bonding was responsible for the structures. The Zintl-Klemm Concept, the Extended Zintl-Klemm Concept Model-1, and the Extended Zintl-Klemm Concept Model-2 attempt to rationalize and predict the structure of a group of intermetallics, referred to as Zintl Compounds, and their oxides based on simple electron counting schemes and with the introduction of pseudo-atoms.

This study looks at the electronic structure of a set …

Investigation Of Catalytic Oxidation And Coupling Reactions On Gold, Palladium, And Gold-Palladium Alloys, Theodore Douglas Thuening

Theses and Dissertations

Polyvinyl acetate is a common adhesive and additive to emulsion-based paints produced in the millions of tons per year through the palladium catalyzed coupling of ethylene and acetic acid. Understanding the reaction mechanism and kinetics is integral to designing a more efficient catalyst through an increase in activity, selectivity, or both. It has been shown that selectivity for the vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) reaction increases to ~94% upon alloying palladium with gold compared to palladium alone (~80% selective).

The characterization of the VAM formation reaction on Pd(111) and Au/Pd(111) single crystal alloys has been extensively studied, but it has been …

Towards Autonomous Microcystin Detection: Investigating Methods For Automation, Maureen Anne Schneider

Theses and Dissertations

Due to increased anthropogenic activity, severe eutrophication is occurring in bodies of water around the world. Effects include decreased water quality, decreased value of surrounding land and recreational use (estimated loss in revenue of 0.67 and 3.96 U.S. billion dollars per year), and increased occurrence of toxin producing Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Microcystins are cyclic peptides made up of 7 amino acids and 800-1100 Daltons in size. They are one of the most predominantly produced of these toxins, and therefore was the focus of this study. Numerous structural variants of microcystin (referred to as congeners) exist, but microcystin-LR is one …

Fundamental Studies Of Metal Ion Extraction Into Ionic Liquids By Macrocyclic Polyethers, James Lee Wankowski

Theses and Dissertations

The liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) of metal ions from aqueous media into ionic liquids (ILs) by macrocyclic polyethers has proven to be an efficient and selective, but complex approach to their separation. Partitioning in these systems has previously been described using a so-called ‘three-path’ model comprising three distinct extraction pathways: neutral complex / ion pair extraction, exchange of the IL cation for a metal-extractant complex, and exchange of the metal ion for a hydronium ion bound to the extractant. The balance of these three paths has been reported to be affected by several characteristics of the LLX system, including the structure …

Persistence In Stem: Development Of A Persistence Model Integrating Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectations And Performance In Chemistry Gateway Courses, Shalini Srinivasan

Theses and Dissertations

STEM persistence has been an important issue, especially in the context of underrepresented groups based on race and gender. Researchers in the last decade or so have been examining the powerful impact that affective and cognitive factors can exert individually on performance and persistence. It is only reasonable to hypothesize that combining affective and cognitive measures would offer a more thorough understanding of factors that impact students’ performance and STEM persistence. Evaluating these outcomes in the context of gateway courses is particularly essential due to the non-negligible percentage of students who drop out of these courses or decide to change …