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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fate Of Persistent Contaminants And Emerging Algal Toxins In Drinking Water And The Environment, Danielle Christine Westerman
Fate Of Persistent Contaminants And Emerging Algal Toxins In Drinking Water And The Environment, Danielle Christine Westerman
Theses and Dissertations
Population growth and global climate change has resulted in the degradation of pristine water sources, causing issues like saltwater intrusion, persistent harmful algal blooms, and drought from population growth. Future reliance on alternative sources of drinking water to is expected globally, therefore, nontraditional sources of drinking water are becoming increasingly vital sources of potable water around the world. For example, desalination (typically by reverse osmosis), despite its high energy demands and high cost, is being utilized all over the world to meet drinking water demand. Wastewater reuse, the additional treatment of wastewater to produce drinking water, either directly or indirectly, …
Effect Of Oil And Gas Extraction On Disinfection By-Product Formation In Drinking Water, Dallas Graham Abraham
Effect Of Oil And Gas Extraction On Disinfection By-Product Formation In Drinking Water, Dallas Graham Abraham
Theses and Dissertations
Certain industrial processes, such as energy extraction and utilization, generate massive amounts of wastewater with various geogenic and synthetic contaminants. Oil and gas wastewaters are characterized by elevated halide levels, particularly geogenic bromide and iodide. Concentrations in produced wastewaters have been reported as high as thousands of mg/L of bromide and tens of mg/L of iodide. Large volumes of these wastewaters are stored, transported, and disposed of, potentially impacting drinking water sources. Because conventional wastewater treatment fails to remove halides, oil and gas wastewater disposal, even after treatment, facilitates the formation of brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs) at downstream …
Disinfection Byproduct Drivers Of Cytotoxicity In Drinking Water And Swimming Pools, Joshua M. Allen
Disinfection Byproduct Drivers Of Cytotoxicity In Drinking Water And Swimming Pools, Joshua M. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Water disinfection was cited as the greatest public health achievement of the 20th Century. By inactivating pathogens, disinfection has significantly reduced waterborne diseases in drinking water and swimming pools. However, chemical disinfection has also raised a public health issue: the potential for cancer induction, reproductive and developmental effects, and asthma-related risks associated with exposure to chemical disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which are formed by the reaction of disinfectants with organic matter (natural or anthropogenic), bromide, and iodide. In the U.S., four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs) are currently regulated in drinking water, although no DBPs are regulated in pools, …
Disinfection By-Products: Method Optimization For Quantification, Unknown Analysis, And Calculated Toxicity, Amy A. Cuthbertson
Disinfection By-Products: Method Optimization For Quantification, Unknown Analysis, And Calculated Toxicity, Amy A. Cuthbertson
Theses and Dissertations
Disinfected drinking water contains hundreds of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are formed by the reaction of disinfectants with natural and anthropogenic organic matter, bromide, and iodide. Understanding what these DBPs are is important because millions of people worldwide consume drinking water every day, and human epidemiologic studies have reported cancer, miscarriage, and birth defects from consuming such waters. While more than 700 DBPs are reported in the literature, very few studies quantify complete classes of chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs. The following document contains five chapters in the format designated for specific scientific journals on this subject. Chapter 1 describes …
Investigation Of Energy-Related Wastewater Impacts On Disinfection By-Product Formation In Drinking Water, Hannah K. Liberatore
Investigation Of Energy-Related Wastewater Impacts On Disinfection By-Product Formation In Drinking Water, Hannah K. Liberatore
Theses and Dissertations
Elevated bromide and iodide in drinking water sources contribute to the formation of toxic brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment. Energy extraction and utilization processes, including hydraulic fracturing (HF) and coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), produce wastewaters with bromide/iodide levels on the order of tens to thousands of mg/L. These wastes have the potential to impact drinking water sources through both intentional (e.g., direct discharge) and accidental (e.g., basin overflow, spill) release pathways. This research focuses on a combination of quantitative and non-targeted approaches to assess DBP formation impacts from HF and CFPP wastewaters, with complementary toxicity …