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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effect Of Dissolved Salts On The Physiochemical Properties Of Deep Eutectic Solvents, Eleanor Haeska, Megan Radtke
Effect Of Dissolved Salts On The Physiochemical Properties Of Deep Eutectic Solvents, Eleanor Haeska, Megan Radtke
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Green chemistry seeks to make chemical procedures safer, improve reaction efficiency, and utilize environmentally safe reagents. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently become of great interest due to their eco-friendly nature and functionality as solvent for various chemical processes. One key characteristic of DES is their conductive nature and depressed melting point. This project sought to determine the effect of the addition of aqueous solutions of halides on the conductivity of two selected types of DES. Also assessed were the polarity and viscosity of the DES. It can be concluded that aqueous halides had no measureable effect on the conductivity …
Increased Perchlorate In The Environment Following The 1600 C.E. Huaynaputina Volcanic Eruption, Joseph Gibson, Amanda Shea
Increased Perchlorate In The Environment Following The 1600 C.E. Huaynaputina Volcanic Eruption, Joseph Gibson, Amanda Shea
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Perchlorate is an environmental contaminant that can have adverse health effects on humans. Although our knowledge about how natural perchlorate is formed is very limited, volcanic eruptions are believed to play an important role. An ice core obtained from Summit Station, Greenland was used to study the effects of the Huaynaputina eruption on the amount of perchlorate in the environment. The section of ice core sampled was determined to span the years 1594 through 1610. The results indicate that the Huaynaputina eruption caused a temporary but significant increase in the amount of perchlorate in the atmosphere.
Choline Chloride Eutectics: Low Temperature Applications, Kaila M. Kuehn, Camille M. Massmann, Natalie R. Sovell
Choline Chloride Eutectics: Low Temperature Applications, Kaila M. Kuehn, Camille M. Massmann, Natalie R. Sovell
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have a lower melting point than each of their individual components due to ion dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding. Traditionally, DES are used for processing metals through plating and have many synthesis applications. DES are able to be substituted for hazardous solvents that are traditionally used for metal plating and synthesis. This, along with many other advantageous properties, appear promising for the use of DESs as solvents or for use in electrochemical systems, particularly at low temperatures. Choline chloride:propylene glycol was a novel DES synthesized and analyzed for its properties, including melting point, viscosity, conductivity, heat …
Determination Of Volcanic Impact On Perchlorate Using Polar Ice Cores, Alex Georgiev, Collin Livingston, Cody Ward
Determination Of Volcanic Impact On Perchlorate Using Polar Ice Cores, Alex Georgiev, Collin Livingston, Cody Ward
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Arctic (Greenland) ice core samples covering the time period of 1638-1646 were analyzed for perchlorate and sulfate concentrations. The sulfate data show a signal corresponding to the 1640 eruption of the Komaga-Take volcano in Japan. Perchlorate concentrations show a significant increase at the time of the Komaga-Take eruption. It is concluded that a positive correlation likely exists between stratospheric volcanic eruptions and perchlorate concentration in the environment. When a volcano has enough explosive force to inject substances into the stratosphere, some of the substances, such as sulfate, can remain in the stratosphere for months and spread all over the global …
A Guided Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experiment: Synthesis And Characterization Of Various Phthiocol Complexes, Turina Jangula
A Guided Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experiment: Synthesis And Characterization Of Various Phthiocol Complexes, Turina Jangula
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Despite proven effectiveness of constructivist guided-inquiry based instruction for college chemistry courses, teaching in advanced chemistry courses such as inorganic chemistry remains very much traditional. This persistence of traditional instructional approaches could be attributed to the lack of inquiry-based curriculum materials for these courses. In this paper a guided-inquiry based inorganic laboratory experiment on the synthesis and characterization of phthiocol complexes with four different metals is presented along with suggestions for implementation as a laboratory activity. The experiment is unique in terms of its development based on a social constructivist framework and has student discussion and conceptual understanding of inorganic …
Investigation Of Natural Perchlorate Levels In Antarctic Snow In Relation To The Ozone Hole, Thomas Crawford, Alexandria Kub, Han Vid Cho
Investigation Of Natural Perchlorate Levels In Antarctic Snow In Relation To The Ozone Hole, Thomas Crawford, Alexandria Kub, Han Vid Cho
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Snow samples collected from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide in January 2013 were analyzed for perchlorate concentrations to determine a possible seasonal variation. These samples were dated for the years 2007 through 2012 using annual variations in sulfate concentration as determined by an ion chromatography (IC) method. Perchlorate concentrations in the samples were measured with an IC instrument paired with tandem mass spectrometry detection. The concentration data show that perchlorate reached an annual maximum concentration in the austral autumn seasons, assuming that snowfall was relatively constant throughout the course of each year. Comparison with published total column ozone density …
Optimization And Structural Characterization Of Dimethyl Trisulfide (Dmts) Oxidation Product, Laura Dirks, Brian Peterson, Benjamin Walter
Optimization And Structural Characterization Of Dimethyl Trisulfide (Dmts) Oxidation Product, Laura Dirks, Brian Peterson, Benjamin Walter
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cyanide poisoning is a public concern, and there are many shortfalls in current cyanide treatments. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a cyanide antidote candidate that overcomes these shortfalls. Currently, there are limited published reports related to the analysis of DMTS. Therefore, an analytical method to detect and analyze DMTS from a biological matrix is vital for it to become available as a therapeutic agent against cyanide poisoning. The motivation of this project is to develop an HPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of DMTS and its degradation products; however, DMTS is difficult to ionize, a requirement for MS analysis, due to its nonpolar …
Establishment Of Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy (Palm) For Imaging Signaling Complexes On The Surfaces Of Cells, Bradley E. Iverson
Establishment Of Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy (Palm) For Imaging Signaling Complexes On The Surfaces Of Cells, Bradley E. Iverson
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) permits visualization of single molecules inside cells at ~10 times the resolution of existing optical microscopes. The 10-50 nanometer resolution afforded by PALM is ideally suited to studying the organization of receptor signal transduction occurring on the surfaces of cells. Initial efforts presented here focused on cells expressing Fc receptor fused to photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (paGFP). A small fraction of the paGFP molecules were photoactivated using a 405 nm laser pulse, resulting in single molecule spots that could then be imaged using 488 nm laser excitation until they photobleached. Both lasers illuminated the sample through …
Measurement Of Ammonium By Ion Chromatography In High Sodium Concentration, Sharon Klein
Measurement Of Ammonium By Ion Chromatography In High Sodium Concentration, Sharon Klein
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Chemical analysis of Antarctic ice cores provides valuable information on the history and dynamics of the atmosphere environment. The ice core samples contain trace amounts of ammonium, sodium, and other ionic chemical species, which are usually, measured using ion chromatography. High concentrations of sodium may interfere with the accurate and precise measurement of ammonium, due to insufficient resolution of their chromatographic peaks. The extent of the interference is investigated in this project by quantitative determination of the ammonium concentration in solutions of various ammonium and sodium concentrations. A criterion of 20% relative error of measured ammonium concentration is used to …
Determination Of Trifluoroacetate By Ion Chromatography For Snow And Ice Analysis, Jon Hanson
Determination Of Trifluoroacetate By Ion Chromatography For Snow And Ice Analysis, Jon Hanson
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Trifluoroacetic acid (TEA) is a product of the atmospheric degradation of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). HCFCs and HFCs are widely used substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that have been found to contribute to the loss of stratospheric ozone. Deposits of TEA with precipitation (rain and snow) can lead to its presence and accumulation in the aquatic and cryosphere environments, with unknown long-term environmental consequences. Investigation on TEA impact and its fate in the environment requires sensitive, accurate, and fast analytical methods. The determination of trace concentrations of TEA using the technique of ion chromatography (IC) is investigated in this study, …