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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Misalignments: Challenges In Cultivating Science Faculty With Education Specialties In Your Department, Seth D. Bush, Nancy Pelaez, James A. Rudd Ii, Michael T. Stevens, Kimberly D. Tanner, Kathy S. Williams
Misalignments: Challenges In Cultivating Science Faculty With Education Specialties In Your Department, Seth D. Bush, Nancy Pelaez, James A. Rudd Ii, Michael T. Stevens, Kimberly D. Tanner, Kathy S. Williams
PIBERG Publications
Science Faculty with Education Specialties (SFES) are increasingly being hired across the United States. However, little is known about the motivations for SFES hiring or the potential or actual impact of SFES. In the context of a recent national survey of US SFES, we investigated SFES perceptions about these issues. Strikingly, perceptions about reasons for hiring SFES were poorly aligned with perceptions about potential and actual contributions reported by SFES themselves, and the advice they extended to beginning SFES was varied. While preparation of future teachers and departmental teaching needs were common reasons offered for SFES hiring, the potential and …
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Of Synthetic Foldamers, Multichromophores, And Their Water Containing Clusters, Evan Gardner Buchanan
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Of Synthetic Foldamers, Multichromophores, And Their Water Containing Clusters, Evan Gardner Buchanan
Open Access Dissertations
A central theme specific to this dissertation concerns the conformation-specific spectroscopy of flexible molecules in an effort to bridge the complexity gap. Generally, molecules in the complexity gap have several flexible coordinates yet conformational isomerization still occurs along a simple reaction coordinate on the potential energy surface. Molecules in this regime benefit greatly from experiments probing the potential energy surfaces and provide a means to develop and test new theories in an effort to explain more complex system. These measurements are possible through the utilization of a supersonic jet expansion to collisionally cool molecules into their vibrational zero-point levels, collapsing …
Aircraft-Based Measurements For The Identification And Quantification Of Sources And Sinks In The Carbon Cycle, Dana R Caulton
Aircraft-Based Measurements For The Identification And Quantification Of Sources And Sinks In The Carbon Cycle, Dana R Caulton
Open Access Dissertations
Improved quantification of carbon-cycle sources and sinks is an important requirement for determining mitigation strategies and modeling future climate interactions. Analytically robust measurements require high-precision instrumentation and thoughtful experimental design to produce rigorous and reproducible results despite complex and quickly changing meteorological and environmental conditions. Here, an aircraft platform equipped with a high-precision cavity ring-down spectrometer for CO2, CH4 and H2O quantification was used to acquire data from previously un-sampled sources. The aircraft mass-balance technique was used to quantify CH4 emissions from natural gas well pads in the drilling stage, which were 2-3 orders of …
Determination Of Disulfide Bond Connecting Patterns Via Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Msn) And Biomolecular Ion/Radical Reactions, Kirt Lenroy Durand
Determination Of Disulfide Bond Connecting Patterns Via Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Msn) And Biomolecular Ion/Radical Reactions, Kirt Lenroy Durand
Open Access Dissertations
Disulfide bond formation is one of the most common post translational modifications to occur in proteins and naturally occurring peptides. Disulfide bond formation plays a critical role in stabilizing their three-dimensional structure; therefore, it is very important to pinpoint the correct disulfide bond connecting pattern in order to fully understand the biological functions of these proteins and peptides. To fully characterize an analyte containing disulfide bonds, the sequence must first be known followed by the disulfide bond connecting pattern. This presents an analytical challenge as there are very few methodologies that can produce those essential pieces of information. The gold …
Towards A Paradigm Shift In The Modeling Of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition For Earth System Models, Yujie He
Open Access Dissertations
Soils are the largest terrestrial carbon pools and contain approximately 2200 Pg of carbon. Thus, the dynamics of soil carbon plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate system. Earth System Models are used to project future interactions between terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate. However, these models often predict a wide range of soil carbon responses and their formulations have lagged behind recent soil science advances, omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms. In contrast, recent mechanistically-based biogeochemical models that explicitly account for microbial biomass pools and enzyme kinetics that catalyze soil carbon decomposition produce notably different results and …
Quantum Mechanics In Complex Systems, Ross Douglas Hoehn
Quantum Mechanics In Complex Systems, Ross Douglas Hoehn
Open Access Dissertations
This document should be considered in its separation; there are three distinct topics contained within and three distinct chapters within the body of works. In a similar fashion, this abstract should be considered in three parts. Firstly, we explored the existence of multiply-charged atomic ions by having developed a new set of dimensional scaling equations as well as a series of relativistic augmentations to the standard dimensional scaling procedure and to the self-consistent field calculations. Secondly, we propose a novel method of predicting drug efficacy in hopes to facilitate the discovery of new small molecule therapeutics by modeling the agonist-protein …
How Do Metalloenzymes Propagate And Control Chemical Reactions?, Whitney F Kellett
How Do Metalloenzymes Propagate And Control Chemical Reactions?, Whitney F Kellett
Open Access Dissertations
Enzymes control and propagate a dizzying array of chemical reactions, including radical reactions and reactions cleaving carbon-carbon bonds. Metalloenzymes, which contain a metal cofactor, are particularly adept at propagating these reactions. This thesis focuses on several metalloenzymes; each an example of a different unique reaction control strategy. Both experimental and computational methodologies have been employed in order to identify specific residues or features which contribute to each enzyme's ability to control the reaction. Emphasis is made on special properties of the metal Manganese. Controlling residues include not only first shell or active site residues, but also residues more distant from …
Development Of Novel Strategies To Combat Multidrug Resistance Mediated By Efflux Transporters And Intracellular Bacteria, Jerrin Kuriakose
Development Of Novel Strategies To Combat Multidrug Resistance Mediated By Efflux Transporters And Intracellular Bacteria, Jerrin Kuriakose
Open Access Dissertations
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the condition where cancer cells or microorganisms cease to respond to multiple drugs. MDR conferred by efflux transporters, that deprive the bioavailability of drugs at their site of action, are a threat to cancer and malarial chemotherapy. Specifically, the mammalian ABC transporter Pglycoprotein (P-gp) has undermined many drugs in treatment of cancer and other disease states. Mutations in the parasitic transporter Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) have given rise to strains unsusceptible to the aminoquionoline family of antimalarials. Using the very drug substrates, we have developed bivalent inhibitors of P-gp. Here, click chemistry has been …
The Modification Of Brucine Derivatives As Chiral Ligands And Its Application In The Asymmetric Synthesis, Jian-Yuan Li
The Modification Of Brucine Derivatives As Chiral Ligands And Its Application In The Asymmetric Synthesis, Jian-Yuan Li
Open Access Dissertations
The modification of brucine derivatives as chiral ligands and the use of a multifaceted chiral ligand, brucine diol, under different reaction conditions to produce various optical isomers is described. In Chapter 1, the generation of a number of brucine derivatives is described. Taking the advantage of brucine-diol's excellent molecular recognition capability for multiple organic functional groups, we focused on the synthetic modifications of brucine-diol and the synthesis of brucine N-oxide. We also produced various brucine derivatives with different functional moieties in good yields and selectivities. ^ In Chapter 2, we described the investigation of brucine N-oxide catalyzed Morita-Baylis-Hillman …
New Strategies To Reveal Protein Candidates In Protein-Protein Interactome Study, Meng-Chieh Chen
New Strategies To Reveal Protein Candidates In Protein-Protein Interactome Study, Meng-Chieh Chen
Open Access Theses
Comprehensive protein-protein interaction network analysis can help reveal protein functions in a system-wide manner. A reliable knowledgebase of interaction networks is not only important for selecting the candidates for drug therapies, but also for evaluating the disease risk. In current interaction databases, 322579 interactions comprised of 56460 proteins have been reported (statistical analysis from APID: Agile Protein Interaction DataAnalyzer; http://bioinfow.dep.usal.es/apid/index.htm). The huge datasets are contributed mainly by yeast -two -hybrid (Y2H) screening and affinity-purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS). High false positive rates and failing to cover certain interaction categories are the limitations of these two methods. Here, we developed …
High-Purity Gallium Analysis By Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Kyungjean Min
High-Purity Gallium Analysis By Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Kyungjean Min
Open Access Theses
The mobility of Two-dimensional Electron Gas in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures that are grown in the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) can be increased by purification of the gallium used to grow the films. To attain 200 million cm2/Vs mobility, the impurity concentration of gallium should be reduced to below 1 ppb. The commercial 7N (99.99999%) gallium with 100 ppb total impurity is currently used in the MBE at Purdue University and is being purified by zone refining. To evaluate the commercial 7N gallium and establish the methodology for the impurity measurement after zone refining, germanium, iron, and zinc in 6N and 7N …
Elucidating The Mechanism Of Phenylpropanoid Regulation By The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex, Wenjie Zeng
Elucidating The Mechanism Of Phenylpropanoid Regulation By The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex, Wenjie Zeng
Open Access Theses
The Mediator complex is a multi-protein co-regulator of eukaryotic transcription which plays a role in the expression of many, if not most, genes of the cell. Two Mediator subunits, REF4 and RFR1, were demonstrated to be important for the normal regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in Arabidopsis. Phenylpropanoids are a family of specialized plant metabolites derived from the amino acid phenylalanine and are involved in defense against pathogens, UV protection and structural support. In order to understand how Mediator regulates phenylpropanoid metabolism through REF4 and RFR1, a better basic understanding of this protein complex is required. Here I provide data on …
Transformation Of Biomass Carbohydrates By Transition Metal Catalysts, Christine M Bohn
Transformation Of Biomass Carbohydrates By Transition Metal Catalysts, Christine M Bohn
Open Access Dissertations
By selectively removing functional groups from biomass derived carbohydrates, valuable platform chemicals can be generated from renewable sources. Through dehydration chemistry glucose can be upgraded into 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF) and levulinic acid. Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate has shown moderate activity to transform glucose into HMF and has also shown high yields and selectivity for the production of levulinic acid. Typically synthesized from acidic solutions made with mineral acids, levulinic acid has now been produced in high yields with a metal salt. The difference between maximizing production for HMF or levulinic acid from the same catalyst relies on the control of the …
Excited States Of Chromophores And Vibronic Interactions, Benjamin T. Nebgen
Excited States Of Chromophores And Vibronic Interactions, Benjamin T. Nebgen
Open Access Dissertations
The main focus of my Ph.D. work has been on building a vibronic coupling model for multichromophores and extending that model to more general systems. This Dissertation serves as both a summary of this work as well as a manual for the two vibronic coupling programs I have written. It is my hope that the instructions written here are complete enough for any who would like to replicate my work on vibronic coupling on other systems. ^ Additionally, I have also worked on a few purely computational projects not directly related to the vibronic coupling work. The status of these …
New Experimental And Theoretical Tools For Studying Protein Systems With Elements Of Structural Disorder, Tairan Yuwen
New Experimental And Theoretical Tools For Studying Protein Systems With Elements Of Structural Disorder, Tairan Yuwen
Open Access Dissertations
Disordered proteins are one class of proteins which do not possess well-folded three-dimensional structures as their native conformations. Many eukaryotic proteins have been found to be fully disordered or contain certain disordered regions. Disordered proteins usually display several characteristic properties, such as increased motional freedom and the conformational heterogeneity caused by that. The elements of structural disorder are commonly involved in many important biological functions and are implicated in many diseases. Therefore, the study of disordered proteins has become one of the most important research topics in recent years. This thesis presents results from three different research projects; the common …
Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules Using Silica Colloidal Crystals, Natalya Khanina
Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules Using Silica Colloidal Crystals, Natalya Khanina
Open Access Theses
Capillaries packed with a silica colloidal crystal (SCC) of 470 nm nonporous particles have recently been shown to offer significant improvements in the peak width, resolution, and speed of protein analysis due to the reduction of the A and C term broadening contributions of the Van Deemter equation. While protein separations using this technology have shown vast improvements, small molecules remain largely unexplored. As the SCC allows for an approximately diffusion limited system, extremely high plate numbers are expected for small molecule separations. The research presented herein studies the feasibility of pressure-driven small molecule separation using SCCs and commercial instrumentation. …
Identifying Conditions To Optimize Lactic Acid Production From Food Waste, Raymond M. Redcorn
Identifying Conditions To Optimize Lactic Acid Production From Food Waste, Raymond M. Redcorn
Open Access Theses
There is an increased demand for lactic acid for the production of biopolymers and to aid nutrient removal in wastewater treatment. Food waste offers a source of soluble sugars to produce lactic acid, which does not increase land demand, but digestion conditions have yet to be optimized when co-digested with primary sludge. Food waste was collected from cafeteria waste bins, homogenized and seeded with primary sludge. A Box Behnken Response surface design was used to optimize lactic acid production based on pH, temperature, loading rate, and retention time. Subsequent experiments verified and refined those conditions to optimize for both yield …
Impact Of Nanostructure On Polymer-Based Nonvolatile Memory Devices, Seung Hyun Sung
Impact Of Nanostructure On Polymer-Based Nonvolatile Memory Devices, Seung Hyun Sung
Open Access Theses
Memory functionality is essential for many high-end electronic applications (e.g. , smart phones, personal computers). Particularly, organic nonvolatile memory devices based on polymer ferroelectric materials are a promising approach toward the development of low-cost memory due to the ease of processing and flexibility associated with the device. Here, we will focus on a memory device with a two-component active layer and a diode structure. This ferroelectric diode (FeD) has a nanostructured active layer, composed of ferroelectric and semiconducting polymers, and it can provide easy access to high-performance polymer-based memory devices. In order to create these nanostructured active layers, we …
Using Stable Isotopes To Quantify Nitrogen Fates In Container Plants, Sam Raimann, Greg Michalski, Michael V. Mickelbart
Using Stable Isotopes To Quantify Nitrogen Fates In Container Plants, Sam Raimann, Greg Michalski, Michael V. Mickelbart
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Currently, in the agriculture field, it is not yet known the accurate amount of Nitrogen in fertilizer that plants take up. This statistic, known as the Nitrogen Use Efficiency is currently known to be within the 30-50% range (Lea-Cox and Ross, 2001). This is very important figure to know and it is a figure that can be improved, and therefore much time, energy, and resources can be saved. This research project will use concepts involving stable isotopes to examine red maple plant material and the soilless media that the plants were grown in. Three different isotope-labelled fertilizer treatments will be …
Surgical Adhesive From Mussel Mimetic Polymer, Jenna Desousa, Cori Jenkins, Jonathan Wilker
Surgical Adhesive From Mussel Mimetic Polymer, Jenna Desousa, Cori Jenkins, Jonathan Wilker
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Injuries involving damaged tissues are currently repaired through an invasive technique involving the use of screws, plates and sutures as support, which can damage these tissues. The biomedical field currently lacks an adhesive that can replace harmful implants. A surgical adhesive can provide a quick and easy alternative, which will minimize the risk of damaging healthy tissue in surgery. Inspiration for such materials can be found by looking at marine mussels as they are able to stick to nearly any surface, even in wet environments. Marine mussels affix themselves to different surfaces using adhesive plaques consisting of various proteins. Polymer …
Evaluating Contaminants Of Emerging Concern In Commercial Biosolid-Based Fertilizers, John Hemmerling, Michael L. Mashtare, Linda S. Lee
Evaluating Contaminants Of Emerging Concern In Commercial Biosolid-Based Fertilizers, John Hemmerling, Michael L. Mashtare, Linda S. Lee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The production and popularity of commercially available biosolid-based fertilizers are increasing because of their economic, environmental, and plant nutrition benefits, particularly in urban and suburban areas. Because biosolid-based fertilizers are derived from waste water treatment plant residuals, we hypothesized that there is the potential for micropollutants to persist in these products. Their presence would be of particular concern due to their potential impact on human and ecological health and risk of bioaccumulation. This study involves quantifying contaminants of emerging concern in three biosolid-based fertilizers, and 2 non-biosolid-based fertilizers, a composted animal manure and an organic compost. Our extraction method employed …
Metal-Protein Interactions For Proteomics Applications, Keerthi B Jayasundera
Metal-Protein Interactions For Proteomics Applications, Keerthi B Jayasundera
Open Access Dissertations
In the quest of deciphering biological mechanisms, the understanding of proteins and their functions is a vital component. However the complexity of the proteome poses an immense challenge for analytical chemists to explore it comprehensively. Currently mass spectrometry is at the forefront of proteome analysis, providing great capabilities to couple with modern separation techniques for wide applications. One major objective of current proteomic technologies is to identify proteins of interest among high background, in particular from complex biological samples. A variety of techniques have been developed over the years to simplify protein samples, which are broadly classified as enrichment, high …
Student's Objectives And Achievement Strategies For Laborataory Work, Taylor M. Owings
Student's Objectives And Achievement Strategies For Laborataory Work, Taylor M. Owings
Open Access Theses
In this study, we look at students' objectives and strategies for completing their objectives for undergraduate labs. Students across two universities and three levels of chemistry were surveyed at the beginning of the semester in the fall of 2012 using an open ended survey to identify the goals students had for the course. The students responses were coded and used to create a survey that went out to the same courses at the end of the fall semester. Using data from the fall of 2012, the survey was modified and data was collected in the fall of 2013 at one …
Abcb11 Functions With B1 And B19 To Regulate Rootward Auxin Transport, Jesica Elyse Reemmer
Abcb11 Functions With B1 And B19 To Regulate Rootward Auxin Transport, Jesica Elyse Reemmer
Open Access Theses
Auxin transport is essential for the architecture and development of erect plants. In a network of transporters directing auxin flows, ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are a ubiquitous family of proteins that actively transport important substrates, including auxins, across the plasma membrane. ABCB1 and ABCB19 have been shown to account for the majority of rootward auxin transport, but residual fluxes to the root tip in Arabidopsis b1b19 double mutants implies the involvement of at least one additional auxin transporter in this process. Of specific interest, the severe dwarfism seen in abcb1abcb19 is strikingly reminiscent of that seen in mutants defective in …
Characterization Of Water-Solid Interactions In Crystalline Ingredients And Development Of Deliquescence Measurement Recommendations, Matthew C. Allan
Characterization Of Water-Solid Interactions In Crystalline Ingredients And Development Of Deliquescence Measurement Recommendations, Matthew C. Allan
Open Access Theses
There are five major mechanisms of water-solid interactions. The primary focus of this thesis was on two of these: deliquescence and hydrate formation. Many crystalline food ingredients are deliquescent compounds (e.g., NaCl, sucrose, and ascorbic acid) and some are both deliquescent and hydrate formers (e.g., glucose, thiamine HCl, citric acid). Deliquescence is the first order phase transformation of a crystalline solid to a solution above a critical relative humidity (RH) known as the deliquescence point (RH0). A crystalline hydrate is a pseudo-polymorph in which water is incorporated into the crystal structure, altering the molecular formula and the physical properties.^ To …
Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions Of Biomolecules: An Examination Of Carboxylate Reactivity And Arginine Based Non-Covalent Complexes, Nathan Zachary Barefoot
Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions Of Biomolecules: An Examination Of Carboxylate Reactivity And Arginine Based Non-Covalent Complexes, Nathan Zachary Barefoot
Open Access Theses
The advent of Electrospray Ionization with the ability to generate multiply charges ions has contributed significantly to the study of gas-phase ion/ion reactions. With the tools available in mass spectrometry it has been shown that these reactions are effective at transforming one type of gaseous ion into another through a series of reactions. This work examines some of these reactions and their application to field of proteomics specifically focusing on the amino acids of arginine and lysine. NHS reagents have been shown to react to both of these molecules with in the gas-phase under different conditions but have relies on …
Correlating Molecular Architecture Of A Radical Polymer Based Copolymer With Its Electrical Transport Properties, Holly Chan
Open Access Theses
The design and synthesis of electrically-conductive macromolecules can lead to significant improvements in the performance of polymer-based energy conversion devices (e.g., thermoelectric devices). For these organic electronic devices, conjugated polymers have dominated the area of conductive polymers; however, these materials are usually synthesized using conditions that lead to poorly-defined polymers. Furthermore, in these increasingly-standard polymers, the charge transport ability of the polymer thin films is largely affected by the degree of crystallinity, which is a difficult property to control in a reproducible fashion. Therefore, we seek to explore a new class of amorphous, non-conjugated polymers containing a stable radical …
Separation Of On-Column Labeled Model Proteins With Packed Capillary Electrophoresis, Yingxu Hao
Separation Of On-Column Labeled Model Proteins With Packed Capillary Electrophoresis, Yingxu Hao
Open Access Theses
Protein drugs are increasingly developed in the pharmaceutical company. Under the regulation of FDA, high purity of therapeutic proteins needs to be maintained. Before putting those drugs in the market, fast and efficient method is in need to achieve homogeneity. Traditionally, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are used for the purification process. These methods have the disadvantages of low time and cost efficiency, and this quality assurance process has become the bottleneck of production. In our group, sub-micron silica colloidal particles with polyacrylamide layer on the surface are packed inside capillaries to increase the …
Physical And Chemical Attributes Of A Genetically Modified Fruit Pectin, Carl Patrick Littrell
Physical And Chemical Attributes Of A Genetically Modified Fruit Pectin, Carl Patrick Littrell
Open Access Theses
Pectin is an important polymer used in the food industry as a thickening and gelling agent. Though pectin is ubiquitous in plants, chemical and structural differences among pectin molecules prevent most from being viable for industrial use. Enzymes found naturally in fruit cell walls during the ripening process impair many desirable attributes of fruit pectins, rendering them unsuitable for industrial applications. Pectin methylesterase (PME) is one such enzyme whose expression can be altered during ripening through the use of recombinant genetic engineering. Reduction in levels of PME results in increased degree of methylation and molecular size of pectin, greatly increasing …
Investigation Into The Control Of Melittin Secondary Structure And Antimicrobial Activity, Zachary B. Molinets
Investigation Into The Control Of Melittin Secondary Structure And Antimicrobial Activity, Zachary B. Molinets
Open Access Theses
Antimicrobial resistance has been an exponentially growing problem since the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotics have been misused for many years and this misuse has grown into a real problem for the medical community. While there are countless safeguards to prevent infection by a resistant strain of bacteria, there are still many plagued by it and must be treated with sometimes dangerous antibiotics. Melittin, along with many other peptides, contain potent antimicrobial properties, but are also toxic toward enthrocytes. The control of the secondary structure of peptides provides the key to adjusting their activity.