Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Open Access Articles

Orbital Misalignment Of The Neptune-Mass Exoplanet Gj 436b With The Spin Of Its Cool Star, Vincent Bourrier, Christophe Lovis, Hervé Beust, David Ehrenreich, Gregory W. Henry, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Romain Allart, Xavier Bonfils, Damien Ségransan, Xavier Delfosse, Heather M. Cegla, Aurélien Wyttenbach, Kevin Heng, Baptiste Lavie, Francesco Pepe

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The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin–orbit alignment can be measured when the planet transits its star, but such ground-based spectroscopic measurements are challenging for cool, slowly rotating stars. Here we report the three-dimensional characterization of the trajectory of an exoplanet around an M dwarf star, derived by mapping the spectrum of the stellar photosphere along the chord transited by …

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The Discovery And Mass Measurement Of A New Ultra-Short-Period Planet: K2-131b, Fei Dai, Joshua N. Winn, Davide Gandolfi, Sharon X. Wang, Johanna K. Teske, Jennifer Burt, Simon Albrecht, Oscar Barragán, William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Malcolm Fridlund, Artie P. Hatzes, Teruyuki Hirano, Lea A. Hirsch, Marshall C. Johnson, Anders Bo Justesen, John Livingston, Carina M. Persson, Jorge Prieto-Arranz, Andrew Vanderburg, Roi Alonso, Giuliano Antoniciello, Pamela Arriagada, R. Paul Butler, Juan Cabrera, Jeffrey D. Crane, Felice Cusano, Szilárd Csizmadia, Hans Deeg, Sergio B. Dieterich, Philipp Eigmüller, Anders Erikson, Mark E. Everett, Akihiko Fukui, Sascha Grziwa, Eike W. Guenther, Gregory W. Henry, Steve B. Howell, John Asher Johnson, Judith Korth, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Norio Narita, David Nespral, Grzegorz Nowak, Enric Palle, Martin Pätzold, Heike Rauer, Pilar Montañés Rodríguez, Stephen A. Shectman, Alexis M. S. Smith, Ian B. Thompson, Vincent Van Eylen, Michael W. Williamson, Robert A. Wittenmyer

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We report the discovery of a new ultra-short-period planet and summarize the properties of all such planets for which the mass and radius have been measured. The new planet, K2-131b, was discovered in K2 Campaign 10. It has a radius of ${1.81}_{-0.12}^{+0.16}\,{R}_{\oplus }$ and orbits a G dwarf with a period of 8.9 hr. Radial velocities obtained with Magellan/PFS and TNG/HARPS-N show evidence for stellar activity along with orbital motion. We determined the planetary mass using two different methods: (1) the "floating chunk offset" method, based only on changes in velocity observed on the same night; and (2) a Gaussian …

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Contemporaneous Imaging Comparisons Of The Spotted Giant Σ Geminorum Using Interferometric, Spectroscopic, And Photometric Data, Rachael M. Roettenbacher, John D. Monnier, Heidi Korhonen, Robert O. Harmon, Fabien Baron, Thomas Hackman, Gregory W. Henry, Gail H. Schaefer, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Michael Weber, Theo A. Ten Brummelaar

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Nearby active stars with relatively rapid rotation and large starspot structures offer the opportunity to compare interferometric, spectroscopic, and photometric imaging techniques. In this paper, we image a spotted star with three different methods for the first time. The giant primary star of the RS Canum Venaticorum binary σ Geminorum (σ Gem) was imaged for two epochs of interferometric, high-resolution spectroscopic, and photometric observations. The light curves from the reconstructions show good agreement with the observed light curves, supported by the longitudinally consistent spot features on the different maps. However, there is strong disagreement in the spot latitudes across the …

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Hubble Pancet: An Isothermal Day-Side Atmosphere For The Bloated Gas-Giant Hat-P-32ab, Nikolay Nikolov, David K. Sing, Jayesh M. Goyal, Gregory W. Henry, Hannah R. Wakeford, Thomas M. Evans, Mercedes López-Morales, Antonio García Muñoz, Lofti Ben-Jaffel, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Gilda E. Ballester, Tiffany Kataria, Joanna K. Barstow, Vincent Bourrier, Lars A. Buchhave, Ofer Cohen, Drake Deming, David Ehrenreich, Heather Knutson, Panayotis Lavvas, Alain Lecavelier Des Etangs, Nikole K. Lewis, Avi M. Mandell, Michael H. Williamson

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We present a thermal emission spectrum of the bloated hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab from a single eclipse observation made in spatial scan mode with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectrum covers the wavelength regime from 1.123 to 1.644 μm which is binned into 14 eclipse depths measured to an averaged precision of 104 parts-per million. The spectrum is unaffected by a dilution from the close M-dwarf companion HAT-P-32B, which was fully resolved. We complemented our spectrum with literature results and performed a comparative forward and retrieval analysis with the 1D radiative-convective ATMO model. …

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The Quadruple-Lined, Doubly Eclipsing System V482 Persei, Guillermo Torres, Claud H. Sandberg Lacy, Francis C. Fekel, Marek Wolf, Matthew W. Muterspaugh

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We report spectroscopic and differential photometric observations of the A-type system V482 Per, which reveal it to be a rare hierarchical quadruple system containing two eclipsing binaries. One binary has the previously known orbital period of 2.4 days and a circular orbit, and the other a period of 6 days, a slightly eccentric orbit (e = 0.11), and shallow eclipses only 2.3% deep. The two binaries revolve around their common center of mass in a highly elongated orbit (e = 0.85) with a period of 16.67 yr. Radial velocities are measured for all components from our quadruple-lined spectra and are …

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New Precision Orbits Of Bright Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binaries. X. Hd 96511, Hr 7578, And Kz Andromedae, Francis C. Fekel, Gregory W. Henry, Jocelyn Tomkin

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From an extensive number of newly acquired radial velocities we determine the orbital elements for three late-type dwarf systems, HD 96511, HR 7578, and KZ And. The orbital periods are 18.89737 ± 0.00002, 46.81610 ± 0.00006, and 3.0329113 ± 0.0000005 days, respectively, and all three systems are eccentric, although KZ And is just barely so. We have detected lines of the secondary of HD 96511 for the first time. The orbital dimensions (a1 sin i and a2 sin i) and minimum masses (m1 sin3 i and m2 sin3 i) of the binary components all have accuracies of 0.2% or better. …

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An Ultrahot Gas-Giant Exoplanet With A Stratosphere, Thomas M. Evans, David K. Sing, Tiffany Kataria, Jayesh M. Goyal, Nikolay Nikolov, Hannah R. Wakeford, Drake Deming, Mark S. Marley, David S. Amundsen, Gilda E. Ballester, Joanna K. Barstow, Lofti Ben-Jaffel, Vincent Bourrier, Lars A. Buchhave, Ofer Cohen, David Ehrenreich, Antonio García Muñoz, Gregory W. Henry, Heather Knutson, Panayotis Lavvas, Alain Lecavelier Des Etangs, Nikole K. Lewis, Mercedes López-Morales, Avi M. Mandell, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Pascal Tremblin, Roxana Lupu

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Infrared radiation emitted from a planet contains information about the chemical composition and vertical temperature profile of its atmosphere. If upper layers are cooler than lower layers, molecular gases will produce absorption features in the planetary thermal spectrum. Conversely, if there is a stratosphere—where temperature increases with altitude—these molecular features will be observed in emission. It has been suggested that stratospheres could form in highly irradiated exoplanets, but the extent to which this occurs is unresolved both theoretically and observationally. A previous claim for the presence of a stratosphere remains open to question, owing to the challenges posed by the …

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Orbital Elements And Stellar Parameters Of The Active Binary Ux Arietis, Christian A. Hummel, John D. Monnier, Rachael M. Roettenbacher, Guillermo Torres, Gregory W. Henry, Heidi Korhonen, Anthony Beasley, Gail H. Schaefer, Nils H. Turner, Theo A. Ten Brummelaar, Chris D. Farrington, Judit Sturmann, Laszlo Sturmann, Frédérique Baron, Stefan Kraus

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Stellar activity observed as large surface spots, radio flares, or emission lines is often found in binary systems. UX Arietis exhibits these signs of activity, originating on the K0 subgiant primary component. Our aim is to resolve the binary, measure the orbital motion, and provide accurate stellar parameters such as masses and luminosities to aid in the interpretation of the observed phenomena. Using the CHARA six-telescope optical long-baseline array on Mount Wilson, California, we obtained amplitudes and phases of the interferometric visibility on baselines up to 330 m in length, resolving the two components of the binary. We reanalyzed archival …

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Kepler Sheds New And Unprecedented Light On The Variability Of A Blue Supergiant: Gravity Waves In The O9.5iab Star Hd 188209, Conny Aerts, Sergio Símon-Díaz, Steven Bloemen, Jonas Debosscher, Péter I. Pápics, Steve Bryson, M. Still, Ehsan Moravveji, Michael H. Williamson, Frank Grundahl, Mads Fredslund Andersen, Victoria Antoci, Pere L. Pallé, Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Tamara M. Rogers

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Stellar evolution models are most uncertain for evolved massive stars. Asteroseismology based on high-precision uninterrupted space photometry has become a new way to test the outcome of stellar evolution theory and was recently applied to a multitude of stars, but not yet to massive evolved supergiants.Our aim is to detect, analyse and interpret the photospheric and wind variability of the O9.5 Iab star HD 188209 from Kepler space photometry and long-term high-resolution spectroscopy. We used Kepler scattered-light photometry obtained by the nominal mission during 1460 d to deduce the photometric variability of this O-type supergiant. In addition, we assembled and …

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General Model For Light Curves Of Chromospherically Active Binary Stars, Lauri Jetsu, Gregory W. Henry, Jyri J. Lehtinen

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The starspots on the surface of many chromospherically active binary stars concentrate on long-lived active longitudes separated by 180°. Shifts in activity between these two longitudes, the "flip-flop" events, have been observed in single stars like FK Comae and binary stars like σ Geminorum. Recently, interferometry has revealed that ellipticity may at least partly explain the flip-flop events in σ Geminorum. This idea was supported by the double-peaked shape of the long-term mean light curve of this star. Here we show that the long-term mean light curves of 14 chromospherically active binaries follow a general model that explains the connection …

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Characterization Of The Wolf 1061 Planetary System, Stephen R. Kane, Kaspar Von Braun, Gregory W. Henry, Miranda A. Waters, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Andrew W. Mann

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A critical component of exoplanetary studies is an exhaustive characterization of the host star, from which the planetary properties are frequently derived. Of particular value are the radius, temperature, and luminosity, which are key stellar parameters for studies of transit and habitability science. Here we present the results of new observations of Wolf 1061, known to host three super-Earths. Our observations from the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy interferometric array provide a direct stellar radius measurement of 0.3207 ± 0.0088 R⊙, from which we calculate the effective temperature and luminosity using spectral energy distribution models. We obtained 7 yr …

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Hst Pancet Program: A Cloudy Atmosphere For The Promising Jwst Target Wasp-101b, Hannah R. Wakeford, Kevin B. Stevenson, Nikole K. Lewis, David K. Sing, Mercedes López-Morales, Mark S. Marley, Tiffany Kataria, Avi M. Mandell, Gilda E. Ballester, Joanna K. Barstow, Lofti Ben-Jaffel, Vincent Bourrier, Lars A. Buchhave, David Ehrenreich, Thomas M. Evans, Antonio García Muñoz, Gregory W. Henry, Heather Knutson, Panayotis Lavvas, Alain Lecavelier Des Etangs, Nikolay Nikolov, Jorge Sanz-Forcada

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We present results from the first observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Panchromatic Comparative Exoplanet Treasury program for WASP-101b, a highly inflated hot Jupiter and one of the community targets proposed for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Science (ERS) program. From a single HST Wide Field Camera 3 observation, we find that the near-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-101b contains no significant H2O absorption features and we rule out a clear atmosphere at 13σ. Therefore, WASP-101b is not an optimum target for a JWST ERS program aimed at observing strong molecular transmission features. We compare WASP-101b to …

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Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

The Quadruple-Lined, Doubly Eclipsing System V482 Persei, Guillermo Torres, Claud H. Sandberg Lacy, Francis C. Fekel, Marek Wolf, Matthew W. Muterspaugh

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

New Precision Orbits Of Bright Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binaries. X. Hd 96511, Hr 7578, And Kz Andromedae, Francis C. Fekel, Gregory W. Henry, Jocelyn Tomkin

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

General Model For Light Curves Of Chromospherically Active Binary Stars, Lauri Jetsu, Gregory W. Henry, Jyri J. Lehtinen

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Characterization Of The Wolf 1061 Planetary System, Stephen R. Kane, Kaspar Von Braun, Gregory W. Henry, Miranda A. Waters, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Andrew W. Mann

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications