Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology Commons^™

Pharmacokinetics Of Single Feeding Of Cannabidiol In Cattle: A Pilot Study, Haley Cornette

Honors College Theses

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance that has been used in complementary medicine for many years. However, modern medicine has little knowledge of how this substance is utilized and metabolized in ruminant animals. Regulations on quality assurance and use in animals are lacking, and CBD supplementation in livestock is not approved. If CBD supplements can be shown to be safe and effective, detection in the animal will be important for determining regulation of use. A withdrawal period can then be established to allow time for deterioration of product to safe levels before livestock products enter human markets. This study sought to …

Intra-Articular Buprenorphine In Horses, Gabriel Castro-Cuellar Dr

LSU Master's Theses

Opioid drugs have the potential of provide local analgesia in inflamed joints. To date, morphine is the only opioid that has been tested for intra-articular (IA) administration in horses. Having an alternative drug, other than morphine, could widen the therapeutic options, particularly in cases of drug shortages or inaccessibility to specific drugs. The work presented in this dissertation reports the cytotoxic effects of buprenorphine on cultured equine chondrocytes, and the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and analgesic effects, of IA administered buprenorphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis.

To evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects on equine cartilage, chondrocytes were obtained from normal equine …

Effects Of Strong Oxidants Present In Acer Spp. On Hemolysis Methemoglobin Production In Equine Erythrocytes, Gabrielle Mcgeorge, Jeffrey Lehman

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Maple toxicosis is a deadly condition affecting equines after they have ingested wilted leaves of the genus Acer (i.e., maple species). It is characterized by hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Although the toxins responsible for causing toxicosis have not been identified, they are thought to be strong oxidants. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of eight compounds (galloyl derivatives) found in Acer spp. on hemolysis and methemoglobin production in bioassays with equine erythrocytes. Seven of the compounds are known constituents of Acer spp. that are commercially available. One of the compounds--acertannin--was isolated and characterized from leaf extracts …

Science-Based Regulation Of Pharmacological Substances In Competition Horses, Jacob Machin

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Current testing methodologies within equine forensic toxicology focus on arbitrary thresholds and zero-tolerance policy. Modern analytical chemistry’s limits of detection are low enough that oftentimes femtogram-per-milliliter amounts of a substance can readily be identified in both blood and urine of a horse. For most pharmacologically relevant compounds, these concentrations have no relevance to pharmacological effect. It is therefore crucial that testing methodologies to determine appropriate thresholds and cut-offs be developed that are driven by biological activity rather than arbitrary limits of detection. This dissertation looks to address this by suggesting a system of calculated Effective Plasma Concentrations by which a …

Comparación Del Efecto De La Centrifugación Con Coloide Equipure® Y Del Protocolo De Refrigeración Sobre La Viabilidad De La Célula Espermática En Caballo Criollo Colombiano Utilizando Dos Medios Diluyentes Kenney®, Botuspecial®, Angelica Velez

Medicina Veterinaria

La utilización de Biotecnologías de la reproducción empleando métodos de inseminación con semen refrigerado en equinos ha ido evolucionando de manera rápida y exitosa. El manejo y correcta manipulación del semental deberá asegurar el bienestar del animal, una adecuada nutrición y suficiente ejercicio. En relación al manejo de la muestra de semen se deberán tener en cuenta la adecuada limpieza e higiene del pene para el momento específico de la colecta, uso de material estéril, medios diluyentes con antibióticos específicos, y protocolos que busquen la mejora significativa de la calidad y cantidad de las células. La inseminación artificial, la colecta …

Physiological Changes Associated With Pregnant Or Nonpregnant Mares Grazing Pastures Of Orchardgrass-Bluegrass, Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Infected With Epichloë Coenophiala, Or Kyfa9821 Tall Fescue Infected With The Novel Endophyte Ar584, Victoria A. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Kentucky 31 tall fescue (KY31) infected with the common toxic endophyte strains of Epichloё coenophiala produces toxic alkaloids that improve plant vigor, but cause numerous adverse effects in grazing animals. Researchers developed a variety of KY31 containing an alternative strain of E. coenophiala, termed novel endophyte (NE). Adverse health effects in mares have not been evaluated.

Experiments in this thesis tested the hypothesis that the NE pasture does not cause adverse effects typically associated with KY31. Specific aims were to: 1) compare forage ergovaline concentrations between KY31 vs NE pastures; 2) evaluate palmar artery diameters in mares grazing KY31, …

Reversible Downregulation Of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis In The Stallion With A Third-Generation Gnrh Antagonist, Gabriel Monteiro Davolli

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

The objectives of this thesis were: (1) to evaluate the downregulation of the stallion hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by a GnRH antagonist (acyline) based upon endocrine, seminal, testicular and behavioral effects, and (2) to assess recovery after treatment. Stallions were treated for 50 days (n=4; 330µg/kg acyline q 5d) and controls (n=4) received vehicle alone. Stallions were assessed pre-treatment and for 72 days after last treatment. Treatment induced declines (p<0.05) in FSH, LH, testosterone (to castrate levels) and estrone sulfate. Gonadotropins and testosterone returned to control values within nine days and estrone sulfate by 14 days after treatment discontinuation. Acyline-treated stallions failed to respond with FSH, LH and testosterone increase after exogenous GnRH stimulation (25µg gonadorelin, IV) compared to pre-treatment and control stimulation. Total sperm numbers and motility were reduced in acyline-treated stallions, as well as total seminal plasma protein and testicular volume (p<0.05). Time to ejaculation was increased in acyline group (p<0.5). Testicular, sexual behavior and most seminal parameters regained normal levels within 72 days after treatment ceased. Sperm output of acyline-treated stallions was regained within seven months after ending treatment. Acyline reversibly suppressed the stallion HPG axis, thus has potential for treating the androgen-dependent Equine-Arteritis-Virus carrier state and as behavior modulator.

Glucocorticoid-Induced Chondrocyte Cytotoxicity At Doses Recommended For Intra-Articular Therapy In Horses, Wenying Zhu

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Intra-articular glucocorticoid injections are commonly used to treat synovitis and osteoarthritis in horses. These agents are highly effective at relieving pain, swelling, and other symptoms of joint inflammation. The drugs also have therapeutic benefits by down regulating the expression of cytokines and protease enzymes that participate in the degradation of articular cartilage. However, detrimental effects on chondrocyte function and cell viability that is independent of osteoarthritis pathogenesis have been described and linked to glucocorticoid use. These side effects are both drug- and dose-dependent. This study tested the hypothesis that manufacture recommended dosage levels of methylprednisolone, betamethasone, and triamcinolone that are …

Ensayo Doble Ciego Con Opium 30ch En Equinos Patogenesia Experimental, Adriana Marcela López Negro, Alexandra López Franco

Medicina Veterinaria

Los medicamentos homeopáticos se utilizan en animales como alternativa terapéutica extrapolando los resultados obtenidos en la medicina humana, ignorando las innumerables diferencias entre especies. Con el objetivo de determinar la patogenesia experimental del remedio homeopático Opium 30 centesimal en equinos, se tomo una muestra de 12 caballos de la unidad de Remonta de la Policía Nacional, sede Suba, Bogotá. A todos los animales se les realizó antes, durante y después del experimento un examen clínico completo, con el fin de establecer el estado clínico de los sujetos que participarían en la experimentación. Se procedió a dividir los 12 semovientes en …

Influencia De La Coenzima® Y El Ubichinon Compositum® Sobre El Ácido Láctico, La Frecuencia Cardiaca Y Respiratoria En Equinos Pre Y Post Ejercicio En Bogotá, Ana Milena Herrera Díaz, Margarita María Villegas Montaño

Medicina Veterinaria

El estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Bogotá – Colombia ubicada a 2600 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar, con una temperatura promedio de 16 º C y una humedad relativa del 94 %. El estudio determinó la influencia de la coenzima® y el ubichinon compositum® (productos homotoxicológicos) sobre el ácido láctico, la frecuencia cardiaca y la frecuencia respiratoria en equinos, antes y después del ejercicio. Fueron seleccionados 36 caballos; 18 de SESPO (Escuela superior de la Policía) y 18 de ESCAB (Escuela de caballería del Ejército Nacional). Se registró frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria y se extrajeron …