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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine
Cervical Cancer: Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type Ii A Cofactor?, Clinton J. Jones
Cervical Cancer: Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type Ii A Cofactor?, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Approximately 1.6% of all women will develop cancer of the cervix during their lifetime (4). Cervical cancer is the second leading type of cancer in women and accounts for approximately one-sixth of all cancer deaths in females. In many ways, cervical cancer behaves as a sexually transmitted disease. The major risk factors associated with cervical cancer are the early onset of sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and/or sexual contact with promiscuous partners (66, 94). The disease is composed of several pathological stages ranging from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to invasive squamous carcinoma. Substantial evidence suggests that CIN is a precursor …
Phage Infection, Transfection And Transformation Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ellen M. Foley-Thomas, Diane L. Whipple, Luiz M. Bermudez, Raul G. Barletta
Phage Infection, Transfection And Transformation Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ellen M. Foley-Thomas, Diane L. Whipple, Luiz M. Bermudez, Raul G. Barletta
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Mycobacterium avium complex strains and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are closely related intracellular pathogens affecting humans and animals. M. avium complex infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, and M. paratuberculosis is the agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Genetic manipulation of these micro-organisms would facilitate the understanding of their pathogenesis, the construction of attenuated vaccine strains and the development of new drugs and treatment methods. This paper describes the replication of mycobacterial shuttle phasmids and plasmids, and the expression of the firefly luciferase reporter gene in M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis. The mycobacteriophage TM4 …
Identification Of Gene Products Encoded By The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Ashfaque Hossain, L. M. Schang, Clinton J. Jones
Identification Of Gene Products Encoded By The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Ashfaque Hossain, L. M. Schang, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of infected animals. Expression of latency-related (LR) gene products is controlled by a 980-bp fragment (LR promoter). DNA sequence analysis revealed that two major open reading frames (ORFs) are in the LR gene. Antibodies directed against both ORFs were generated in rabbits by using synthetic peptides. Antibody P2, which is directed to sequences near the amino terminus of ORF 2, recognized a 41-kDa protein in lytically infected cells, suggesting that ORF 2 encodes a protein. When the LR gene was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and subsequently …
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin To Colonize The Gnotobiotic Pig Intestine And To Adhere To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Alison D. O'Brien
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin To Colonize The Gnotobiotic Pig Intestine And To Adhere To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Alison D. O'Brien
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
In a previous study, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 with a deletion and insertion in the eaeA gene encoding intimin was used to establish that intimin is required for the organism to attach to and efface microvilli in the piglet intestine (M. S. Donnenberg, S. Tzipori, M. L. McKee, A. D. O’Brien, J. Alroy, and J. B. Kaper, J. Clin. Invest. 92:1418–1424, 1993). However, in the same investigation, a role for intimin in EHEC adherence to HEp-2 cells could not be definitively demonstrated. To analyze the basis for this discrepancy, we constructed an in-frame deletion of eaeA and compared the …
Animal Activist Urges Vets To Be Activists Too, Henry Spira
Animal Activist Urges Vets To Be Activists Too, Henry Spira
Commentaries and Editorials
No abstract provided.
Heterozygosity Mapping Of Partially Congenic Lines: Mapping Of A Semidominant Neurological Mutation, Wheels ( Whl), On Mouse Chromosome 4, Patrick M. Nolan, Patricia J. Sollars, Barbara A. Bohne, Warren J. Ewens, Gary E. Pickard, Maja Bucan
Heterozygosity Mapping Of Partially Congenic Lines: Mapping Of A Semidominant Neurological Mutation, Wheels ( Whl), On Mouse Chromosome 4, Patrick M. Nolan, Patricia J. Sollars, Barbara A. Bohne, Warren J. Ewens, Gary E. Pickard, Maja Bucan
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
We identified a semidominant, chemically induced, mouse use mutation with a complex array of abnormal behaviors including bidirectional circling and hyperactivity, abnormal circadian rhythmicity and abnormal responses to light. In this report, we genetically and phenotypically characterized the circling/ waltzing component of the abnormal behavior. We mapped the locus controlling this trait by heterozygosity mapping of partially congenic lines carrying the mutagenized chromosome outcrossed to different inbred strains for three generations. Analysis of 68 PCR-based markers in 13 affected individuals indicated that the mutant locus, named Wheels (Whl), resides in the subcentromeric portion of mouse chromosome 4. The …
Restoration Of Circadian Behavior By Anterior Hypothalamic Heterografts, Patricia J. Sollars, Daniel P. Kimble, Gary E. Pickard
Restoration Of Circadian Behavior By Anterior Hypothalamic Heterografts, Patricia J. Sollars, Daniel P. Kimble, Gary E. Pickard
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a circadian oscillator and an important component of the mammalian circadian system. To determine whether the SCN is the dominant circadian pacemaker responsible for generating a species-typical characteristic of circadian rhythms [i.e., period length (T)], neural transplantation was conducted using fetal AH donors of different species and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) hosts. The circadian behavior of each of the three donor species is clearly distinguishable by its species-typical T. The extent of SCN pacemaker autonomy was assessed by noting whether the period of the restored circadian rhythm following heterograft transplantation was characteristic …
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
We review two groups of taxonomically unrelated viruses that share similarities in host preference and transmission routes to humans and pose a risk for mammalogists working with rodents. The rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses in the Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae are widely distributed on most continents where rodents occur. Their geographic distribution usually exceeds the distribution of the recognized human diseases they cause and has resulted from either natural coevolutionary events or the dissemination of viral passengers traveling with introduced mammalian hosts. Diseases of humans caused by these agents are among the most severe and most frequently fatal of zoonotic diseases. These …
Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster
Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Four canine weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (IS-associated WBHIS) were compared with IS-associated human and porcine WBHIS and the type species for Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. The IS-associated canine, human, and porcine WBHIS belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described Serpulina type species.
Frequency Distribution Of Post Race Urine Ph From Standardbreds Compared With Thoroughbreds: Research And Regulatory Significance, S. D. Stanley, R. A. Sams, J Daniel Harkins, G. D. Mundy, J. Boyles, W. E. Woods, Thomas Tobin
Frequency Distribution Of Post Race Urine Ph From Standardbreds Compared With Thoroughbreds: Research And Regulatory Significance, S. D. Stanley, R. A. Sams, J Daniel Harkins, G. D. Mundy, J. Boyles, W. E. Woods, Thomas Tobin
Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications
The concentration of drugs and drug metabolites in urine samples of racing horses is strongly influenced by urine pH(Tobin, 1981), depending on whether the drugs are weak acids or weak bases. Drugs that are weak acids tend to concentrate in besic urine. In contrast, drugs that are weak bases tend to concentrate in acidic urine. These relationships have a well-established theoretical basis (the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship) and have been demonstrated repeatedly in experimental animals and man (Tobin, 1981). More recently, evidence suggests that these relationships also occur with clinically and forensically significant agents in equine urine (Wood, et al. 1990; Gerken …
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A survey of 41 mule deer (Odocolleus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a Montana (USA) cattle ranch from 2 November 1993 through January 1994. Gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. Additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a second mule deer. Mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes of the head and thorax of the first deer were …
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Two members of the genus Bartonella, Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) and Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae), have recently been recognized as agents of severe or fatal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiencyv irus (HIV). The development of infection with B. henselae in HIV-infected individuals has been associated with traumatic contact with cats (scratches or bites), and domestic cats have been identified as a major reservoir for this organism. Specific information regarding the transmission of B. henselae to humans is not yet available, but common-sense precautions that minimize exposure to cat-associated organisms are appropriate. Preliminary accounts suggest that …
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ≥ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio …
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and the possibility of aerosol transmission of hantaviruses, persons handling known reservoir species in the field, laboratory, or classroom should take special precautions to minimize the risk of infection. We provide specific guidelines for personal safety while trapping, handling and releasing, transporting, sampling, and performing necropsy on potentially infected rodents or teaching field classes in areas occupied by reservoir species. Special consideration should be given to respiratory protection, choice and use of disinfectants, decontamination of instruments and traps, proper disposal of infectious wastes, and preservation and shipment of …
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Rabies is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive encephalopathy and ultimately death in an infected human. Globally, the risk of contracting rabies for humans is greatest in regions of the developing world where dog rabies is enzootic. Where rabies in dogs has been eliminated or otherwise controlled through vaccination programs, the disease can be maintained by wildlife. Wildlife primarily involved in maintenance of transmission cycles are carnivores and bats. Persons having frequent contact with wildlife, such as mammalogists, are at …
The Role Of Aidose Reductase In Diabetic Retinopathy: Prevention And Intervention Studies, W. Gerald Robinson Jr., Nora M. Laver, Marjorie F. Lou
The Role Of Aidose Reductase In Diabetic Retinopathy: Prevention And Intervention Studies, W. Gerald Robinson Jr., Nora M. Laver, Marjorie F. Lou
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Diabetic retinopathy is the major ocular complication of diabetes, both in terms of incidence and irreversible visual impairment. In spite of modern procedures for strict blood glucose control (DCCT, 1993), laser treatment (ETDRS, 1991f; Aiello, 1994), vitrectomy (Gardner and Blankenship, 1994; Glaser, 1994b), and classical pituitary ablation (Kohner et al., 1976; Speakman et al., 1966; Poulsen, 1953), it is a serious threat to normal vision. It is mainly a vascular disorder, primarily involving microvessels (Garner, 1970). Retinal capillaries undergo multiple, extremely complex structural alterations in response to the unavoidable hyperglycemia of long-term diabetes. Because many of the angiopathies occur on …