Sports Sciences Commons^™

A Familiarization Protocol: Repetitions In Reserve, Elvert A. Wise

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Research suggests RIR is a valid and reliable method to prescribe and manipulate RT intensities. However, the literature reviewed revealed that a protocol had not been developed or introduced that allows practitioners to educate athletes or recreational populations to implement the RIR scale. Purpose: Thus, this study aimed to develop a familiarization protocol through synthesized research-study findings and evaluate its efficacy in resistance-trained populations.

Methods: Participants were males (n = 9) with > 3 years of RT experience. The study consisted of 5 sessions. Participants performed the bench press and v-squat for four sets each at varying intensities. The PG followed …

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of The Motor Cortex On Cycling Time Trial Performance And Prefrontal Cortex Activation, Abigail Hope Auten

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low levels of a constant current via scalp electrodes to specifically targeted areas of the brain. The effects of tDCS on whole-body exercise performance has been of interest in recent literature. Purpose: To investigate if tDCS, administered via Halo Sport, influences time trial performance in trained cyclists, and if changes in exercise performance are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and/or muscle oxygenation (SmO2). Methods: Twelve recreationally trained cyclists volunteered to participate in two 10km time trials following 20 minutes of tDCS or a sham condition. Results: T-tests showed …

Effects Of A Sport Nutrition Education Intervention On Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Behaviors, And Self-Efficacy In Ncaa Division I Softball Players, Kylie Wilson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Optimal nutrition is vital in sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a sport nutrition education intervention (SNEI) on nutritional knowledge, dietary behaviors, nutritional self-efficacy, body composition, and performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female softball players, and to measure retention and effects of this knowledge after the SNEI period. Seven participants were assessed using a Dietary Behaviors and Nutritional Knowledge questionnaire, Self-Efficacy questionnaire, BodPod measurement, exit velocity, and weekly intention surveys. Two-way mixed repeated ANOVAs were used to determine the impact of a five-week SNEI on an intervention group as compared to …

Indices Of Metabolic Stress Following Resistance Exercise, Steven Alexander Long

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1). to evaluate the metabolic responses to varying volume load (VL), manipulated through relative training intensity and 2). to evaluate the metabolic response to training via direct and indirect methods to assess the application potential of non-invasive methods. Recreationally trained male weight lifters (n = 11) volunteered to participate in this resistance training (RT) study. During three separate testing sessions, participants completed three sets of repetitions of the barbell bicep curl exercise to technical failure with short inter-set rest intervals (60 seconds). Participants were randomly assigned one of three training intensities immediately prior …

Physiological Performance Characteristics Of Universal Tennis Rating (Utr), Savanna Storm Hunt

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to create a physiological profile based on UTR through a series of tests to aid coaches in improving the performance of their athletes of any UTR level and to prepare the athletes physiologically for the level above. The UTR patent details skill and tactical development of players at each level as well as a few psychological skills. Physiological skills are only vaguely mentioned and not quantified creating a desire for a physiological profile. It has been previously agreed upon that high capabilities in linear speed, agility, power, anaerobic, aerobic, and strength are correlated with …

Adult- And Peer-Created Motivational Climates In Sport And Injury Rehabilitation, Rachel Majewski

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The motivational climate is the environment, within an achievement setting, created by influential individuals (e.g., coach, athletic trainer, peers) through situational cues, expectations, feedback, and rewards. The way individuals within the setting interpret the motivational climate influences emotions, values, and behaviors which then directly encourages a specific state of participation. Coaches, athletic trainers, and peers need to be aware of the motivational climate they generate and the potentially constructive and detrimental effects on athletes in sport and injury rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the motivational climate in sport, sport commitment, and injury occurrence. …

Comparison Of Forward Lean During Bulgarian Split Squat At High And Low Box Heights, Craig Konrardy

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study examined the difference between forward lean while performing the Bulgarian Spilt Squat at different box heights of 40 cm and 20 cm. The study also compared the maximal force output of the front foot during the BSS at the different heights.

Fifteen male athletes (standing height=180.73 ± 6.67 cm; mass= 80.45 ± 7.63 kg; age=18.55 ± 0.69 years) volunteered to complete the study. The participants performed three repetitions of each leg at two different heights of the Bulgarian Split Squat with 30% of self-reported back squat 1RM. Participants stood on a force plate to report maximal force during …

Effects Of Lumbopelvic Stabilization Program In Young, Non-Elite, Community-Based Gymnasts, Miranda Katherine Pomije

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Context: Gymnasts are seen practicing and competing even though they are reporting high levels of low back pain that can hinder their career if not resolved. Therefore, it may be beneficial for gymnasts to train key muscles in the lumbopelvic region to decrease those symptoms and prevent future injury. This study assesses the effects of lumbopelvic stabilization training in young, non-elite, community-based gymnasts. Objective: Measure the effectiveness of core stability training on lumbar muscle endurance, lumbo-pelvic stabilization, abdominal strength and balance in adolescent female gymnasts and examine the effect of these interventions on the occurrence of low back pain. Design: …

Head Above Water Weighing: A Valid Method To Measure Body Fat Storage?, Molly Lin Hussey

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Hydrostatic weighing using underwater weighing with full lung expiration has been established as a valid method to assess body composition; however, many people do not prefer to submerse their heads in water due to various reasons. Keeping the head above water as a method for hydrostatic weighing at full lung capacity has been tested but has not been accepted as an alternative method. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine if hydrostatic weighing with the head above water at residual volume could provide valid estimates of total body fat. Methods: Fifty-eight subjects (F=29. M=29) participated …

Biomechanical Differences In The Weightlifting Snatch Between Successful And Unsuccessful Lifts, Jack Rummells

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine what differences exist between several kinematic variables between failed and successful attempts in the snatch lift. Six female Weightlifters at the 2015 American open were measured for kinematic variables via videotape during competition. The results show that differences existed in the angle of the shoulder at peak barbell height and the catch height, along with the amount of separation between the lifter and barbell at peak height. Significant differences were also found at the angle between the barbell and lifter center of mass. This study was a first step toward understanding the …

Comparison Of Three Base Stealing Techniques In Division I Collegiate Baseball Players, Sean Boss

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The problem that baseball coaches face is which base stealing technique is most effective. The purpose of this study is to compare three base stealing techniques (crossover step (CS), jab step (JS), and drop step (DS)) on initial sprint kinematics and steal time in Division I baseball players. This paper will address the stretch shortening cycle (SSC) and its effects, the false step technique, sprinting technique, and acceleration. This research will provide coaches with the knowledge and educate them on which technique provides greater sprint speeds. The method for research was experimental, repeated measures design to determine the effects of …

Differences In Landing Impulses Between The Traditional And Swing Blocking Style In Volleyball, Jana Geertruida Braakhuis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Blocking is an important part in the game of volleyball. Previous research has shown that the swing blocking style leads to a greater jump height, penetration over the net and effective blocking area compared to the traditional blocking method. No available research has been found investigating the differences in landing. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in landing impulses, landing time and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) between the traditional and swing blocking style in volleyball. Therefore, eight female collegiate volleyball players were filmed in high definition at 60Hz performing successful trials of both blocking styles. …

Collegiate Athletes' Perceptions Of Social Support And Athletic Trainer-Coach Conflict, Nathan Newman

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Following an injury, athletes go through a cognitive evaluation to determine if resources are present to manage any potential stress attributed to being injured (e.g., Wiese-Bjornstal et al., 1995). This evaluation determines both behavioral and emotional responses to the injury and can be influenced by a number of factors, including social support (e.g., Wiese-Bjornstal et al., 1998). Social support serves as a resource that allows injured athletes to make a positive cognitive evaluation (e.g., Wiese-Bjornstal et al., 1998). Another factor that could influence the cognitive evaluation is interpersonal conflict. In athletics, interpersonal conflict is present in the form of athletic …

A Comparison Of Hip And Knee Torques Produced During A Maximal Effort Full And Partial Back Squat, Jordan Alexander Williams

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study examined the levels of hip and knee torques produced during a one repetition maximum (1RM partial) squat and full squat in order to determine if there would be a difference in the peak torque created at the two depths.

Eight male athletes (standing height = 1.84 ± 0.07 m; mass = 87 ± 14 kg; age 23 ± 2.1 years) volunteered for the study. Each subject performed a 1RM squat at full squat (as low as the participant could go, at least 0° or thigh parallel in relation to the ground) and partial squat (thigh at 45° in …

The Effect Of Soft Tissue Oscillation Therapy On The Management Of Pain Associated With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Jenifer Ann Shoultz

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Context: Soft tissue oscillation therapy is utilized in the medical profession with limited research to support its use. This study evaluates the effectiveness of soft tissue oscillation therapy on musculoskeletal pain associated with DOMS, among a healthy, physically active population. Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of soft tissue oscillation therapy compared to a placebo in the management of pain associated with musculoskeletal injury. Design: Experimental Crossover, Repeated Measure Design. Participants: Thirty physically active volunteers with a mean age 21.30 ± 1.47. Methods: Participants were induced with delayed onset muscle soreness to their elbow flexors of the non-dominant arm. Participants were randomly …

Development Of An Ankle Function Model, Kelli R. Snyder

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) represent the most common orthopedic injury treated by athletic trainers, yet there is no consensus regarding the measurement of the effectiveness of care (e.g. outcomes). Further compounding this problem is the repetitive nature of LAS, often referred to as "functional" or "chronic" ankle instability (FAI, CAI, respectively). Although a common entity in practice and research, FAI is inconsistently defined and assessed. Essentially, athletic trainers are neglecting to address one of the most important issues identified in their profession (outcomes) for the most common injury for which they provide care (LAS). Therefore, the purpose of this research …

Disordered Eating Habits And Extreme Weight Loss Techniques In Collegiate Wrestlers: A Qualitative Analysis, Jaime Marie Mayer

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Wrestlers have often been targeted as high-risk athletes for developing eating disorders. Research has found that wrestlers do practice extreme weight loss and disordered eating behaviors that are consistent with eating disorders. However, little evidence suggests that wrestlers also possess the psychological aspect that is required in order for a person to be diagnosed with an eating disorder according to the DSM (2000).

Many times researchers conclude that few wrestlers meet the criteria for eating disorders, but they participate in many behaviors that put them at risk of developing an eating disorder in the future. Very few if any researchers …

The Impact Of A C.A.R.E. Based Martial Arts Class On Students' Academic Achievement, Peer Relationships, And Social Interactions, David Hite Jr.

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

What is the goal of education in America today? Why is education so important to our society? Why do we spend millions of dollars each year towards the success of America's educational system? What processes and procedures should be employed to insure an efficient and effective education for all individuals? These questions and more arise as we consider the current academic, social, and economic climate of America, as well as the rest of the world; and the role education has played in shaping our past, impacting our present, and directing our future as individuals of a free society. Abraham Lincoln …

The Contribution Of Socio-Economic Status And Maturity On Injury Risk In Youth Soccer, Kristin Noel Stoneberg

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Soccer is considered the universal sport as it is played by youth in nearly every nation around the world. With such a large number of children involved in soccer, injury is inevitable. Many possible risk factors have been identified, but very little current data address other risk factors such as maturity and socio-economic status (SES). The purpose of this study was to determine injury rates and the association between injury, maturity, socio-economic status, and other risk factors in youth soccer players. There were 440 youth soccer players ages 6-18 years involved in the cohort sample and a sub-sample of 102 …

A Descriptive Study Of Non-Accredited Athletic Training Programs, Donald Lee Bishop

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to describe the current status of non-accredited athletic training programs at four-year colleges and universities in relation to receiving future accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP).

Since it was first organized, the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc. (NATA) has continually sought to elevate the standards of its members. There were no certification or education requirements for athletic trainers until 1970. These requirements, once very broad and open-ended, have since been refined and delimited to ensure the highest quality for athletic trainers. The NATA has once again raised their …

The Effects Of Ibuprofen On Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness And Performance, Atta Kofi Osei

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was designed to investigate whether the ingestion of ibuprofen prior to or after a 30-min bout of downhill (-10%) treadmill running would result in reduced sensation of soreness. A secondary purpose was to investigate whether ibuprofen would augment the diminished muscle performance following downhill running. Subject consisted of 21 males (age= 20.3 ± 1.7 years; weight= 77.4 ± 7.8 kg). Each subject was randomly assigned to either a control group, a prophylactic group which received 600 mg of ibuprofen 1 hour prior to the 30-min treadmill run and (200 mg every 3 hr postexercise up to 24 hours), …

Effects Of Preshot Routine Time And Movements On Free Throw Shooting Performance, Mick G. Mack

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that length of preshot routine and use of a set sequence of movements have on free throw shooting in basketball. Seventeen members comprising the University of Northern Iowa intercollegiate men's basketball team attempted 20 free throws in each of four different conditions: (1) normal routine, (2) normal routine with lengthened time, (3) altered routine with normal time, and (4) altered routine with lengthened time. For the altered time condition, subjects used a minimum of 200% of their normal time. For the altered routine condition, subjects used a routine provided by …

A Comparison Of Oxygen Consumption In Light And Heavy Resistance Weight Training Methods In Males, Kean Gerard Richard

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Heavy resistance and low resistance weight training methods are commonly used in off season conditioning programs for various sports. Research has indicated that heavy resistance training elicits muscular strength development whereas low resistance training elicits the development of muscular endurance. However, there is very little or no research which has investigated a comparison of oxygen consumption between heavy resistance and low resistance training while keeping work constant.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the oxygen cost of performing heavy and low resistance weight training methods. Also, a second purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of …