Sports Sciences Commons^™

Age-Related Changes In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization: A Review, Maxwell T. Aiken, Sabrina S. Salvatore, Kyle N. Zelenski, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems are intrinsically interconnected, sharing the goal of delivering oxygen to metabolically active tissue. Deficiencies within those systems that affect oxygen delivery to working tissues are a hallmark of advancing age. Oxygen delivery and utilization are reflected as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) and may be assessed using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS). PURPOSE: This review is intended to provide an update on the current state of literature regarding age-related effects on SmO₂. Furthermore, we attempt to bridge the gap between SmO₂ and associated underlying mechanisms affected by aging. FINDINGS: SmO …

Mitochondrial Integrity Distinguishes Exercise-Induced Vs. Pathogenic Cardiac Hypertrophy, Nicole Lee Yang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiac hypertrophy is a consequence of exercise training, as well as certain cardiomyopathies. However, the key genetic drivers of cardiomyocellular remodeling in a healthy vs diseased heart are inadequately understood. PURPOSE: Determine the genetic architecture of exercise training-induced cardiomyocellular remodeling and hypertrophy. METHODS: The exercise hybrid mouse diversity panel (ExcHMDP) is comprised of 100 strains of Exc trained (TRN) and sedentary (SED) animals (n=4-8/strain per group). After 30d of exercise, running wheels were locked, and 24-hours post-exercise, 6h-fasted animals were euthanized and tissues harvested (~20 tissues/mouse). To interrogate pathogenic cardiac hypertrophy, isoproterenol (ISO, 30mg/kg/day for 21d) was administered to …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Different Resistance Training Protocols During The Crunch Exercise Affect Muscle Thickness, Echo-Intensity, Load Lifted, And Perception Of Effort In Recreationally-Trained Participants., Keanna J. Sullivan, Paulo H. Marchetti

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The correct choice of the acute variables is another important component of a resistance training (RT) session. The combination of intensity and volume is fundamental to determine the dose-response in a RT session and can induce specific metabolic and mechanical stress in the muscle. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate acute dose-response of different volume x intensity RT protocols with equated total volume (40 repetitions) during the crunch exercise on muscle thickness, echo-intensity, load lifted, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally-trained participants. METHODS: Fifteen resistance-trained participants (23±3years, 76.4±6.5kg, 173.3±6.5cm) performed the abdominal crunch exercise …

Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Circulating Stlr And Srage Profiles In Normoglycemic And Insulin-Resistant Individuals, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Impaired blood glucose regulation as a consequence of insulin resistance is linked to development of many clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, and skeletal muscle wasting via inflammatory processes. Recent evidence suggests circulating solubilized Toll-Like Receptor (sTLR) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) originate from skeletal muscle and are related to glucose management and inflammation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to explore 1) relationships among sTLR and sRAGE profiles and indices of metabolic health and 2) sTLR and sRAGE responses to an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) in normoglycemic (NG) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. We hypothesized …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Sleep In College Students, Jaidyn N. Olson, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In addition to the rigors of academic life post pandemic, students are often faced with balancing a healthy mindset, extracurricular activities, family time, and employment, all while pursuing their future professional career. Each of these endeavors takes time and effort on the part of the individual. When stressed with little time to spare, health behaviors in a college student are typically last on the list of priorities and often physical activity and sleep get the least amount of attention. While both sleep and physical activity have been shown to benefit college student success, they are more often than not, forgotten. …

Effects Of Time-Restricted Exercise On Training Induced Adaptations In Mice, Graham R. Mcginnis, Michael Dial, Elias M. Malek, Greco Neblina, Austin Cooper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies have shown that the time of day that exercise is performed can alter the physiological and molecular response. However, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of time-of-day dependent training. Identification of an optimal exercise timing could lead to subsequent exercise prescriptions to elicit specific adaptations based on desired outcomes in healthy or disease populations.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if voluntary exercise performed at different times of day would alter the physiological response to training. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Labs) housed on a strict 12:12 light dark cycle performed …

Feasibility And Preliminary Efficacy Of Implementing A Group-Mediated Cognitive Behavioral Resistance Exercise Intervention In Head And Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation Treatment, Kathryn Dispennette, Dukagjin Blakaj, Megan Kilar, Zachary Chaplow, Jessica Bowman, Victoria Descenza, Xiaochen Zhang, Brian Focht

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Head and neck cancer (HNCa) patients report some of the lowest quality of life (QOL) compared to other cancer populations, due to the clinically meaningful deficits in muscle mass, called cancer cachexia, and physical function that are associated with the established standard of care, which includes Chemoradiation therapy (CRT). PURPOSE: Determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of implementing a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) resistance exercise (RE) intervention in HNCa patients undergoing CRT. METHODS: The HNCaRE study was a single-arm, pilot trial designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of implementing a GMCB personalized RE intervention in …

Self-Efficacy For Exercise Influences Quality Of Life, Tanya Alvarez, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Assessing the influence self-efficacy (motivation) for exercise had on both perceived physical and mental health (aka; quality of life) in college students. Methods: College/university students (>18 years) from any institution were recruited to participate in an online research study. The students were asked to volunteer in a cross-sectional Qualtrics survey sent through different forms of communication; flyers, announcements, and an electronic email. Participants were asked to answer a series of questions; however, for this particular study, the main focus was perceived physical and mental health measured with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health-Related Quality of Life …

One Year Effects Of Rock Steady Boxing Exercise In Parkinson’S Disease, Stephanie Mercado, Tianna Wehby, Maria Bellumori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease resulting in physical function decline. Exercise slows the progression of PD. Rock Steady Boxing (RSB) is a high-intensity, non-contact boxing program designed for people with PD. While it is typically ideal to obtain measurable improvements upon starting an exercise regimen, due to the progressive nature of PD and ensuing decline in function, maintenance is a primary goal in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an RSB program maintains physical function in people with PD. METHODS: Eighteen people with PD (Hoehn-Yahr levels 1-4, ages 65-83) completed tests …

Academic Stress And Motivation For Physical Activity In College Students, Gustavo Donis-Castro, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Stress and the college experience go hand in hand. Stress has been shown to negatively impact a college student’s life and their confidence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence that academic stress in college students has on one's motivation to participate in physical activity (PA). METHODS: An Institutional Review Board approved Qualtrics, cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the fall 2021 term. This study utilized the 13-item Perceived Stress Inventory (PSI), and 9-item Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), based on studies by Avdija, A. S. (2018) and Resnick, et al. (2000) respectively. Questions …

The Impact Of Squat Velocity On Force, Power, And Muscle Activity, Kyle D. Puccini, James Baldonado, Bonnie Yee, Christie R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The squat is a thoroughly examined movement pattern and commonly used in sport performance training protocols, rehabilitation programs, and recreational exercise. Previous research measuring absolute strength has shown hamstring muscle activity in a six-repetition max barbell back squats. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of varying squat velocities (25, 50, 75 deg/s) on force, power, and the activation of the quadricep and hamstring muscles. Using a single-blind randomized research design, we hypothesized that hamstring muscle activity will increase at faster squat velocities. Our secondary hypothesis is that peak power will occur at 50 deg/s and …

Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue remodeling to enhance metabolic health in response to exercise training remain inadequately understood. PURPOSE: We utilized mouse genetics and human GWAS to determine the impact of exercise training on mitochondrial DNA copy number, and interrogate the relationship between Esr1 and adipose tissue health. METHODS: We performed RNAseq on adipose tissue from 100 strains of inbred mice following exercise training and determined mitochondrial content by qPCR. We performed deep phenotyping of mice harboring conditional Esr1 overexpression selectively in adipose tissue. Adipose specific Esr1 overexpression and control mice were fed a high fat diet and …

Comparison Of The Effect Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise On Short Term Memory On Healthy Adults, Frederick P. Wijaya, Ery Hermawati M.Sc, Willy Handoko M.Biomed

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Background: Exercise is known to improve the cognitive function, including short-term memory. Exercise can induce structural and functional changes of the brain, i.e. synaptic plasticity. Exercise is categorized into two groups: aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Studies have shown that both groups of exercises can improve short-term memory function.

Objectives: this research is aimed to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on short-term memory on healthy adults.

Methods: Participants were given the choice to be admitted into either exercise group, aerobic or resistance. Short-term memory (forward digit span) were measured before and after the intervention.

Results: there were …

Establishing Safe Thresholds To Improve Exercise Capacity In Collegiate Athletes With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd): A Critically Appraised Topic, Emily C. Roberts, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Clinical Scenario: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can present several challenges to athletic participation due to unpredictable disease activity and uncontrollable systemic symptoms that severely impact daily activities, and limit exercise/sports participation. Limited studies and a lack of standardized guidelines for physical activity (PA) and exercise are additional barriers for patients. Limited sources have determined that exercise interventions of low-to-moderate intensity are safe and feasible for IBD patients. In theory, such interventions could promote improvements in exercise capacity and overall well-being. Focused Clinical Question: Is there evidence to suggest that established safe exercise-intensities promote improvements in exercise capacity in collegiate athletes …

Hamstrings Force-Length Relationships And Their Implications For Angle-Specific Joint Torques: A Narrative Review, Eleftherios Kellis, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Temporal biomechanical and physiological responses to physical activity vary between individual hamstrings components as well as between exercises, suggesting that hamstring muscles operate differently, and over different lengths, between tasks. Nevertheless, the force-length properties of these muscles have not been thoroughly investigated. The present review examines the factors influencing the hamstrings’ force-length properties and relates them to in vivo function. A search in four databases was performed for studies that examined relations between muscle length and force, torque, activation, or moment arm of hamstring muscles. Evidence was collated in relation to force-length relationships at a sarcomere/fiber level and then moment …

The Effects Of A Multi-Ingredient Supplement On Various Cognitive Measures, Jason M. Curtis, Cassandra Evans, Veronica Mekhail, Paulina Czartoryski, Juan Carlos Santana, Jose Antonio

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on mental and physical performance. Seventeen exercise-trained men (n = 7) and women (n=10) completed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover trial. Participants consumed either a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) or a placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Forty-five minutes post-consumption, the following assessments were conducted: psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Stroop test, vertical jump test, and a Cold pressor test. There was a one-week washout period between assessments. There were significant differences in the incongruent task for the Stroop …

Wellness And Longevity Program For Adults And Older Adults, Oliver D. Fay

Department of Occupational Therapy Entry-Level Capstone Projects

There are many areas of practice to choose from in the field of Occupational therapy (OT). OT has an incredibly diverse career path, with new opportunities being created every day. I completed my doctoral capstone experience at Iridium Enterprises with Dr. Aaron Green, who has a wealth of experience in business and entrepreneurship. My ACOTE focus areas were administration and program development. I wanted to learn how a business was properly developed and managed from the ground up.

Through this experience, I learned how to methodically approach market research and how to narrow in on a business idea. Our goal …

A 12-Year Retrospective Analysis Of Vo2max Values In College-Aged Student Athletes, Michelle Wilson, Scott Swanson

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

OBJECTIVE
To examine VO₂max values in a cohort of exercise physiology students over a 12-year time period.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT
Student’s VO₂max values were examined for the effects of gender (males vs. females) and athletic status (athlete vs. non-athlete). Significance was set at p

Establishing Safe Thresholds To Improve Exercise Capacity In Collegiate Athletes With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd): A Critically Appraised Topic, Emily C. Roberts, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

CLINICAL SCENARIO
Crohn’s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Indeterminate Colitis (IC) are forms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a complex auto-immune disorder of the GI tract. IBD can present several challenges to athletic participation due to unpredictable disease activity and uncontrollable systemic symptoms that severely impact daily activities and limit exercise/sports participation. Limited studies and a lack of standard guidelines for physical activity (PA) and exercise are additional barriers for patients. The limitation of studies and absence of standard guidelines are a particular concern for Athletic Trainers who may encounter collegiate athletes with IBD and must navigate the return-to-play …

Exercise Motivations, Barriers, And Preferences Of Tahfiz Students: A Qualitative Study, Farah Wahida Ibrahim, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Nur Aqilah Marzuki, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Mohd Sham Othman, Nor Malia Abdul Warif, Mohd Zaharen Md. Zahir, Muhamad Toriq Yaacob

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: In Malaysia, the increasing prevalence of physical inactivity is alarming. The effects of adopting a sedentary lifestyle have led to health problems such as coronary heart disease and type II diabetes mellitus, as well as increased mortality rates. Young adults, including tahfiz students, tend to be physically inactive due to much time spent sitting during lectures or studying. Therefore, an active lifestyle must be encouraged. This study aims to identify the factors that influence tahfiz students to exercise.

Methods: Data from 12 male and 19 female students were collected through in-depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed …

Parkinson's Disease And Exercise: Steps Into A Hopeful Future, Jacob Barker

Spring Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

In the world of medicine and disease interventions, exercise is too often underlooked as a viable form of treatment or complementary treatment to medication. This is especially true with Parkinson’s Disease, a disease that attacks the basal ganglia of the brain and impairs neuromuscular function. In my analysis, I read a perspective from a PD patient, Gerry Hill, who has struggled with the disease himself and how he used physical activity to aid in his battle with the disease for both physical and psychological aid. Additionally, I performed research to understand how exercise benefits function within the brain. Aerobic exercise, …

Effects Of Acute Exercise Intensity On Memory: Considerations Of Timing And Aerobic Endurance, William Meyers, Caroline Loeb, Mary Collins West, Bailey Bass

Honors Theses

The primary objective of this study was to find the optimal acute exercise intensity and post-exercise recovery time to enhance memory retention. A secondary objective of study was to evaluate the influence of aerobic endurance on memory and whether endurance capacity interacts with exercise intensity and post-exercise recovery period to influence memory performance. Participants were 54 undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Mississippi, with an age range of 18-23 years. Participants completed 13 visits in total. The first visit evaluated their aerobic endurance, with the remaining 12 visits including a 3 (Intensity: Control, Moderate, Vigorous) by 4 (Post-Exercise …

The Effects Of Exercise And Nursing Care On Postpartum Depression, Greyson Whaley

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Abstract

Introduction and Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), “postpartum depression is depression that occurs after having a baby which is more intense and lasts longer than those of “baby blues,” a term used to describe the worry, sadness, and tiredness many women experience after having a baby.” It also states, “1 in 8 women report symptoms of depression after giving birth, about 1 in 5 (20%) women were not asked about depression during a prenatal visit, and over half (50%) of pregnant women with depression were not treated.”

Purpose Statement: The purpose of this …

Sleep Health Of Australian Community Tennis Players During The Covid-19 Lockdown, Philipp Beranek, Travis Cruickshank, Olivier Girard, Kazunori Nosaka, Danielle Bartlett, Mitchell Turner

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Poorer sleep health outcomes have been documented in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep health outcomes in specific population groups, including the sporting community, has not been extensively investigated. This study evaluated sleep health outcomes and their relationship with lifestyle behaviours during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in Australian community tennis players. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated sleep health outcomes and lifestyle behaviours using an online survey. The survey was disseminated online between the 24th of April and the 6th of June 2020 and comprised the Sleep Health Index, …

Modulating Tumour Hypoxia In Prostate Cancer Through Exercise: The Impact Of Redox Signalling On Radiosensitivity, Malcolm Brown, Amélie Rébillard, Nicolas H. Hart, Dominic O’Connor, Gillian Prue, Joe M. O’Sullivan, Suneil Jain

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Prostate cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of men globally. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment modality although treatment efficacy is dependent upon several features within the tumour microenvironment (TME), especially hypoxia. A hypoxic TME heightens radioresistance and thus disease recurrence and treatment failure continues to pose important challenges. However, the TME evolves under the influence of factors in systemic circulation and cellular crosstalk, underscoring its potential to be acutely and therapeutically modified. Early preclinical evidence suggests exercise may affect tumour growth and some of the benefits drawn, could act to radiosensitise tumours to treatment. Intracellular perturbations in skeletal …

Hypertension, Physical Activity And Other Associated Factors In Military Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study, Lilian Cristina Xavier Martins

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Hypertension is a major concern in public health. In the world population over 25 years of age, its prevalence is of 40%, and studies on the amount of physical activity (PA) related to hypertension in active military personnel are scarce. To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the Brazilian Army military personnel and to explore the association of PA levels and other risk factors.Material and methods:‪This is a cross-sectional study (N = 506). Self-reported prevalence of hypertension (outcome), PA and associated factors were examined (χ2, simple and multiple Poisson regression).Results:‪Prevalence of hypertension was lower (9.7%) than in the general population …

Does The Spinning Exercise Affect The Ovarian Reserve In Reproductive-Young Women?, Umit Gorkem, Faruk Yamaner, Erkan Demi̇Rkan, Hasan Ali Inal

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The aim of this study is to evaluate whether spinning exercise may have an impact on ovarian reserve capacity in reproductive young women.Material and methods:‪48 healthy women were included into this prospective cohort study and randomly categorized into control (n = 14) and experimental groups (n = 12). Spinning exercise sessions were conducted for 50 minutes three times a week for 8 weeks in the study group. The control group did not exercise. Immediately before and after the spinning program, each participant underwent the measurements of the body mass index, the waist circumference, the hip circumference as well as serum …

Gender Differences In Motives For Participation In Sports And Exercise Among Norwegian Adolescents, Arne Martin Jakobsen, Elisabeth Evjen

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Drawing from the theories of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985), this study examined how intrinsic and extrinsic motives affect Norwegian adolescents’ participation in organized sports and their stamina for exercising relative to gender. We also investigated which motives can predict exercising/training, and whether this is influenced by gender. Material/Method: 368 students (male, 51%; female 49%) aged between 16 and 18 years completed a standardized questionnaire “Motives for Physical Activity Measure – Revised (MPAM-R)”. The main effects were followed up using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). To analyze the relationship between the dependent variable "sustained exercise" and the independent variables …

A Cross-Sectional Study Analysing The Association Between Habitual Physical Activity Levels And Quality Of Life In Adults With Asthma, Adeel Nazir Ahmad, Kimberley L. Edwards

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: People with asthma believe their condition prevents them from undertaking physical activity. The objective was to determine the association between habitual physical activity levels and the quality of life in adults with asthma and meeting the physical activity guidelines. Material/Methods: A cross-sectional survey of adults (aged >18) with asthma was conducted in three general practices in Nottingham, UK (n = 128). A self-reported short form International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire (age, gender, ethnicity and BMI) were used to collect data. Physical activity was provided in minutes for different activities to …