Rehabilitation and Therapy Commons^™

Women Bound To Be Active: Differences In Long-Term Physical Activity Between Completers And Noncompleters Of A Book Club Intervention, Jennifer L. Huberty, Diane Ehlers, Jason Coleman, Yong Gao, Steriani Elavsky

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Ideal approaches to increasing long-term physical activity (PA) adherence in women remain unclear. This study used a longitudinal mixed-methods approach to 1) determine the effectiveness of an 8-month book club intervention for increasing PA participation and self-worth, and reducing barriers at 1-year followup; and 2) identify reasons why completers and noncompleters did or did not maintain PA. Methods: One year after the cessation of Women Bound to be Active (WBA), completers (participated in posttesting; n = 30) and noncompleters (did not participate in posttesting; n = 22) responded to questionnaires and interviews assessing their body mass index …

Agent-Based Modeling Of Physical Activity Behavior And Environmental Correlations: An Introduction And Illustration, Yong Gao

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: To introduce Agent-Based Model (ABM) to physical activity (PA) research and, using data from a study of neighborhood walkability and walking behavior, to illustrate parameters for an ABM of walking behavior. Method: The concept, brief history, mechanism, major components, key steps, advantages, and limitations of ABM were first introduced. For illustration, 10 participants (age in years: mean = 68, SD = 8) were recruited from a walkable and a nonwalkable neighborhood. They wore AMP 331 triaxial accelerometers and GeoLogger GPA tracking devices for 21 days. Data were analyzed using conventional statistics and highresolution geographic image analysis, which …

Osteochondritis Dissecans Development After Bone Contusion Of The Knee In The Skeletally Immature: A Case Series, Kevin G. Shea, John C. Jacobs Jr., Nathan L. Grimm, Ronald P. Pfeiffer

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is thought to be an acquired osteochondral disorder, and its etiology may be multi-factorial. Trauma, both acute and repetitive events, has previously been proposed as a potential cause for OCD development. We present two cases of skeletally immature males who developed a symptomatic OCD lesion following a femoral condyle bone contusion. These cases suggest that an acute traumatic event may lead to the development of OCD of the knee.

Developing An Instrument To Measure Physical Activity Related Self-Worth In Women: Rasch Analysis Of The Women's Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (Wpaswi), Jennifer Huberty, Jamie Vener, Yong Gao, Justin Matthews, Lynda Ransdell, Steriani Elavsky

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives: The objective of this study is to report on the development of an instrument to assess non-physical aspects of physical activity (PA) -related self-worth (SW).

Methods: Three hundred thirty five women (mean age = 36.69 ± 15.94 yrs, BMI = 24.87 ± 4.56) completed the Women’s Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory (WPASWI), General SW Scale, and a PA Questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the WPASWI.

Results: Three PA-related SW subscales were identified: PA Knowledge (16 items), PA Emotional (13 items), and PA Social (8 items). Rasch analysis supported construct validity, and items demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha …

Reconsidering And Re-Conceptualizing Kinesiology, T. G. Johnson

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this article is to delineate a more humanistic view of kinesiology by drawing on the rich, but often overlooked, phenomenology of movement literature (Arnold, 1979; Brown & Payne, 2009; Merleau-Ponty, 1962). Brown and Payne (2009) maintain that "phenomenology is a reaction against...the scientization of [kinesiology] that sees its conceptualization, contextualization, representation, and legitimation primarily as a science" (p. 423). By drawing on the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1962) and Peter Arnold (1979), I argue that kinesiology is not only a scientific discipline charged with creating and disseminating scientifically-based knowledge, but also a field of study that encompasses …

Evaluation Of An Internet–Short Message Service–Based Intervention For Promoting Physical Activity In Hong Kong Chinese Adolescent School Children: A Pilot Study, Erica Y. Lau, Patrick W. C. Lau, Pak-Kwong Chung, Lynda B. Ransdell, Edward Archer

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Evaluation of acceptability and preliminary efficacy of an Internet and short message service (SMS) intervention for promoting physical activity (PA) in Hong Kong Chinese school children. An 8-week quasi-experimental study non-randomly assigned 78 school children (mean age=12.8 years) to (a) an intervention group that received a stage-matched, Internet PA program two times a week and tailored SMS messages daily; or (b) a no-treatment control. Data were collected from September 2008 until June 2009. Acceptability measures included exposure rate and participant's satisfaction. Efficacy measures were changes in stage of motivational readiness (SMR) and self-reported PA level. Intervention participants demonstrated significant pre-post …

Differential Item Functioning Analysis Of The Mental, Emotional, And Bodily Toughness Inventory, Yong Gao, Mick G. Mack, Moira A. Ragan, Brian Ragan

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study was to use differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to examine if there were items in the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough) functioning differently across gender and athletic membership. A total of 444 male (56.3%) and female (43.7%) participants (30.9% athletes and 69.1% non-athletes) responded to the MeBTough items. Using Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST methods, 43 items were analyzed for DIF. Four MeBTough items were identified as large DIF items by both Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST methods, where item 21 favored non-athletes, item 40 favored athletes, item 2 favored males, and item 17 favored females. Athletic membership DIF disappeared …

Determining Intensity Levels Of Selected Wii Fit Activities In College Aged Individuals, Joshua D. Griese, Yong Gao, Lynda Ransdell, Shawn R. Simonson

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

To determine intensity of Nintendo Wii Fit games using indirect calorimetry. Twenty-five college students completed Wii Fit activity sessions at two difficulty levels within aerobics, strength, and yoga categories. Resting metabolic rate and exercise VO₂ were measured and metabolic equivalents (METs) were calculated. Measured METs and calculated METs ranged from 2.30 ± .42 and 2.44 ± .38 for Yoga to 5.73 ± 1.36 and 6.04 ± 1.09 for aerobics, respectively. All selected Wii Fit activity intensities were significantly higher than resting, p < .001; aerobic and strength activities met the moderate intensity threshold (3 METs, p < .001), yoga activities did not (p < .005); aerobic and yoga activities of medium difficulty were more intense than the corresponding easy-rated activities (p < .005). There were no statistical differences between measured and calculated METs. Wii Fit has potential as an effective tool for helping college-age individuals increase their PA.

An Examination Of Current Practices And Gender Differences In Strength And Conditioning In A Sample Of Varsity High School Athletic Programs, Monica Lynn Reynolds, Lynda B. Ransdell, Shelley Lucas, Linda M. Petlichkoff, Yong Gao

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Currently, little is known about strength and conditioning programs at the high school level. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore current practices in strength and conditioning for varsity high school athletes in selected sports. Specifically examined were: who administers programs for these athletes, what kinds of training activities are done, and whether the responsible party or emphasis changes depending on the gender of the athletes. Coaches of varsity soccer, basketball, and softball/baseball in three large Idaho school districts were asked to complete an online survey. Sixty-seven percent (32/48) of the questionnaires were completed and used for the …

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of An 8-Week Bikram Yoga Program On Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, And Physical Fitness, Zoe L. Hewett, Lynda B. Ransdell, Yong Gao, Linda M. Petlichkoff, Shelley M. Lucas

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research reports positive effects of yoga on health. The physical and psychological outcomes of participation in Bikram yoga are under-researched despite its increasing popularity, and this type of yoga may be significant with regards to stress management due to its unique method of practice. This study was designed to assess changes in levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical fitness after participation in an 8-week Bikram yoga program. Fifty-one participants aged 20–54 years (mean, 31.57 years) were recruited by word of mouth from a large university located in the Northwestern United States. Participants attended a minimum of 20 Bikram …

Motivation, Goal Orientation, Coaching, And Training Habits Of Women Ultrarunners, Rhonna Z. Krouse, Lynda Ransdell, Shelley M. Lucas, Mary Pritchard

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ultrarunners participate in running events that exceed the 26.2 mile marathon distance (e.g., 50 K, 50-100 miles). Very little research exists on ultrarunners, especially women. The present study is a descriptive study detailing the motivation, goal orientation, demographic characteristics (e.g., age, job demands, family structure), training habits (e.g., hours per week of training), and coach utilization of women ultrarunners. Participants (N = 344) were recruited via the Ultra Listserve and four popular ultrarunning websites, and they completed a questionnaire on motivation, goal orientation, training, and coaching using Survey Monkey. General health orientation (mean + SD) (4.71 ± 1.06) and …

A Physical Profile Of Elite Female Ice Hockey Players From The United States, Lynda B. Ransdell, Teena Murray

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite impressive numbers of hockey participants, there is little research examining elite female ice hockey players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the physical characteristics of elite female ice hockey players who were trying out for the 2010 U.S. Women's Ice Hockey team. Twenty-three women participated in the study and were evaluated on: body mass (kg), height (cm), age (y) vertical jump (cm), standing long jump (cm), 1 RM front squat (kg), front squat/body mass (%), 1 RM bench press (kg), bench press/body mass (%), pull ups, and body composition (% body fat). Athletes in this sample …

The Effects Of The Type Of Skill Test, Choice, And Gender On The Situational Motivation Of Physical Education Students, Tyler G. Johnson, Keven A. Prusak, Todd Pennington, Carol Wilkinson

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of (a) skill test type, (b) choices, and (c) gender on the situational motivation profiles of adolescents during skill testing in physical education. Participants were 507 students (53% male) aged 12–16 years (M = 13.87; SD = 0.94) attending a suburban junior high school in a western state in the U.S. All participants experienced either a norm-referenced, summative or a criterion-referenced, formative skill test with or without choices. The Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS) was administered to assess situational motivation. A 2 (test type) × 2 (choice) × 2 …

Identifying Group-Sensitive Physical Activities: A Differential Item Functioning Analysis Of Nhanes Data, Yong Gao, Weimo Zhu

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: To identify subgroup sensitive physical activities using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis.

Methods: A sub-unweighted sample of 1,857 (males = 923 and females = 934) from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Physical Activity (PA) questionnaire data was used for the analyses. Using Mantel-Haenszel, SIBTEST and ANOVA DIF methods, 33 specific leisure-time moderate and/or vigorous PA (MVPA) items were analyzed for DIF across race/ethnicity, gender, education, income and age groups.

Results: Many leisure-time MVPA items were identified as large DIF items. When participating in the same amount of leisure-time MVPAs, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) were …

The Effects Of Repetitive Drop Jumps On Impact Phase Joint Kinematics And Kinetics, Joshua T. Weinhandl, Jeremy D. Smith, Eric L. Dugan

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on lower extremity joint kinematics, and kinetics during repetitive drop jumps. Twelve recreationally active males (n = 6) and females (n = 6) (nine used for analysis) performed repetitive drop jumps until they could no longer reach 80% of their initial drop jump height. Kinematic and kinetic variables were assessed during the impact phase (100 ms) of all jumps. Fatigued landings were performed with increased knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion at initial contact, as well as increased ankle range of motion during the impact phase. …

Step Counts Of Non-White Minority Children And Youth By Gender, Grade Level, Race/Ethnicity, And Mode Of School Transportation, Tyler G. Johnson, Timothy A. Brusseau, Paul W. Darst, Pamela H. Kulinna, Janel White-Taylor

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the steps/d of nonwhite minority children and youth by gender, grade level, race/ethnicity, and mode of school transportation. A secondary purpose was to compare the steps/d of minority children and youth to their Caucasian grade-level counterparts. Methods: Participants were 547 minority youth grades 5 to 8 from 4 urban schools. Participants wore sealed pedometers for 6 consecutive week/school days. Three hundred and ten participants responded to a questionnaire concerning their mode of transportation to and from school. Results: Statistical analyses indicated a main effect for gender (F(3,546) …

A Pilot Study Examining Exercise Self-Efficacy As A Mediator For Walking Behavior In College-Age Women, Lynne L. Ornes, Lynda B. Ransdell

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since mechanisms of behavior change are not always evaluated in physical activity interventions, current interventions are limited until these mechanisms are better understood (Bauman, Sallis, Dzewaltowski, & Owen, 2002). Therefore, studies are needed that examine mediating variables, derived from theory, in the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. A mediator is a variable that must be included in an intervention in order for a specific change in a dependent variable or outcome to occur (MacKinnon, 2008). MacKinnon (2008) describes several methods of identifying mediators using statistical procedures, including the causal inference approach, difference in coefficients, product of coefficients, structural equation …

Teaching The Resistance Training Class: A Circuit Training Course Design For The Strength And Conditioning Coach, Shawn R. Simonson

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Strength and conditioning coaches in high schools and small colleges are asked to perform duties beyond working with athletes, including teaching resistance training courses. Many have not had teacher preparation. This article will address guidelines for physical activity and provide a course description and rationale for a circuit training program.

Step Counts Of 10- To 11-Year-Old Children By Ethnicity And Metropolitan Status, Tyler G. Johnson, Timothy A. Brusseau, Susan Vincent Graser, Paul W. Darst, Pamela H. Kulinna

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis by combining 2 pedometer data sets to describe and analyze pedometer-determined steps/day of children by ethnicity and metropolitan status.

Methods: Participants were 582 children (309 girls, 273 boys; 53% Hispanic, 26% Caucasian, 21% African American) age 10 to 11 years (M = 10.37 ± 0.48) attending 1 of 10 schools located in urban, suburban, and rural settings. Participants wore a research grade pedometer for at least 3 week/school days. Mean steps/ day were analyzed by gender, ethnicity, and metropolitan status.

Results: Statistical analyses indicated 1) boys (12,853 ± …

Women Bound To Be Active (Year 3 & 4): Can A Book Club Help Women Overcome Barriers To Physical Activity And Improve Self-Worth?, Jennifer L. Huberty, Jamie Vener, Lynda Ransdell, Laura Schulte, Melissa A. Budd, Yong Gao

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Little progress has been made toward increasing physical activity (PA) in women. This study aimed to determine if an 8-month theory-based book club intervention (Women Bound to Be Active) was effective in increasing: (a) self-worth, (b) benefits relative to barriers to PA, and (c) PA in women (n=51). Findings suggested a book-club was effective for improving: self-worth, the benefits relative to barriers to PA, and possibly participation in PA. This is an innovative model to help women become more active and learn skills that may enable them to be active on their own long after a PA program has ended.

The Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Bone Mineral Density For A Person With A Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Study, Ronald Davis, Charlotte Sanborn, David Nichols, David M. Bazett-Jones, Eric Dugan

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a medical concern for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Concerns related to osteoporosis have lead researchers to use various interventions to address BMD loss within this population. Whole body vibration (WBV) has been reported to improve BMD for postmenopausal women and suggested for SCI. The purpose of this case study was to identify the effects of WBV on BMD for an individual with SCI. There were three progressive phases (standing only, partial standing, and combined stand with vibration), each lasting 10 weeks. Using the least significant change calculation, significant positive changes in BMD …

Women Bound To Be Active: One Year Follow-Up To An Innovative Pilot Intervention To Increase Physical Activity And Self-Worth In Women, Jennifer L. Huberty, Jamie Vener, Laura Schulte, Sara M. Roberts, Beth Stevens, Lynda Ransdell

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention (a women’s book club; Women Bound to be Active) in promoting long-term physical activity (PA). Thirty-five women (26-70 years; mean age 50.6 years) completed the 8-month intervention and participated in the one-year follow-up. At follow-up, PA returned to baseline levels; however, self-worth and body mass index significantly improved. Women were more knowledgeable about PA at follow-up; however, they failed to maintain PA after the intervention. Components of the intervention were effective in improving self-worth and lowering BMI at one-year follow-up. To enhance long-term PA adherence continued …

Impact Of Pedometer Use And Self-Regulation Strategies On Junior High School Physical Education Students' Daily Step Counts, Jane Shimon, Linda M. Petlichkoff

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pedometer use and self-regulation strategies on adolescents’ daily physical activity.

Methods: Junior high school students (n = 113) enrolled in seventh- and eighth-grade physical education classes (52 girls, 61 boys) volunteered to participate in a 5-week study to assess daily step counts. Ten physical education classes were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) self-regulation, (b) open, and (c) control.

Results: A repeated-measures, mixed-model analysis of variance revealed a significant 3 × 4 (Group by Time) interaction effect, F_6,290 = 2.64, P < .02. Followup analyses indicated participants in the self-regulation group took 2071 to 4141 more steps/d than the control. No other significant differences emerged among groups on step counts.

Conclusions: It appears that …

Does Cardiac Morphology Predict Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels In Adolescent Athletes?, Kurt J. Nilsson, Michael S. Womack, Ronald Pfeiffer, Chad Harris, Mark Debeliso

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship of plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to physiological parameters and cardiac morphological characteristics in a population of young athletes. Our hypothesis is that physiological and cardiac morphological characteristics do not predict BNP levels in adolescent athletes.

Design: Observational study

Setting: Outpatient hospital Patients: 30 healthy male adolescent high school football players (16.0 +/- 1.1 yrs)

Interventions: Physical exam, electrocardiography, plasma BNP measurement by rapid fluorescent immunoassay, and limited echocardiography

Main Outcome Measure Null hypothesis: physiologic parameters and cardiac morphology do not predict plasma BNP levels in healthy …

Women Bound To Be Active: A Pilot Study To Explore The Feasibility Of An Intervention To Increase Physical Activity And Self-Worth In Women, Jennifer L. Huberty, Jamie Vener, Cara Sidman, Jessica Meendering, Bryan Blissmer, Laura Schulte, Judith A. Flohr, Lynda B. Ransdell

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increasing physical activity (PA) has become a national health objective due to its associated health benefits, but low participation rates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of an 8-month (September 2006 - April 2007) PA book club (Women Bound to Be Active-WBA) in increasing PA and self-worth (SW) among women. Fifty-six adult women participated in an 8-month intervention consisting of weekly meetings designed to improve PA knowledge, awareness, confidence, and SW. Results indicated a significant increase in PA and SW. The WBA program represents a creative theory-based approach to empowering women to be more active.

A Structural Equation Model Examining The Cultural Relevance Of Physical Self-Concept And Self-Esteem In Chinese Children, Patrick W.C. Lau, Mike W.L. Cheung, Lynda B. Ransdell

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate: (1) whether three subscale scores (i.e.,body fat, appearance, and strength) and the global physical self-concept and global self-concept scores of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) are applicable to Chinese children; (2) whether there is a gender difference in these relationships; and (3) whether global physical self-concept acts as a mediator of global self-concept.

Method: 320 Chinese children aged 7-12 years were recruited. The PSDQ was used to assess two global dimensions (global physical self-concept and global self-concept) and three specific dimensions (body fat, appearance, and strength) of self-worth. The children’s version …