Association Between Socioeconomic Status And Mental Health Among China’S Migrant Workers: A Moderated Mediation Model, Yubo Shao, Huang Ying, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Lian Tong

Faculty Publications

Mental health problems are prevalent among China’s internal migrant workers. However, research on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health is insufficient. Therefore, this study, utilizing the China’s National Dynamic Monitoring Survey data from a sample of 15,997 migrant workers aged 15–59 years to explore differences in the relationship between migrants’ objective and subjective SES and mental health status in 2015. Both the mediating effect of perceived interpersonal discrimination and the moderating effect of age were examined through structural equation modeling. The results indicated that subjective SES has a stronger direct relationship with mental health than objective SES. …

Impact Evaluation Of A Central Australian Aboriginal Cultural Awareness Training Program For Health Professionals And Students, Chris Rissel, Lynette Liddle, Courtney Ryder, Annabelle Wilson, Madeleine Bower, Barbara Richards

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the impact of a Central Australian cultural awareness training program for health care staff. A mixed methods approach was used. Program participants completed a baseline and post-program questionnaire, which included an attitude scale assessing cultural safety, critical thinking and transformative unlearning, and open-ended questions. An online follow-up survey two months later repeated these questions. Mean scale scores were compared using paired and unpaired t-tests. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Baseline scale mean was 45.7. At post-program it had statistically significantly increased to 47.3, using both the paired (p=< 0.01) and unpaired t-test (p=< 0.03). At the two-month follow-up it had decreased to 42.2. This was not statistically different from the baseline score with a paired (n=11) t-test (p=< 0.37), however the difference was statistically significant with an unpaired t-test (p=< 0.01) which included an additional eight respondents. Qualitative feedback was consistently positive. Many respondents learnt new information about the negative effects of colonisation on Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, and how this continues to affect current health. Learning about Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander cultures, kinship relationships and systems, and communication styles was identified as directly relevant to work practices. A cultural education program produced positive short-term changes in attitudes and was highly valued by participants. However, it is unclear if these changes are maintained in the medium term.

Assessing The Validity Of A Culturally Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire For Use In Aboriginal Communities, David Tucker, Martyn Symons, Elaine Clifton, Margaret Ramirez, James P. Fitzpatrick, Roz Walker, Glenn Pearson, Michelle Gray, Gary Kirby, Nyanda Mcbride

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Alcohol related harms disproportionately affect Aboriginal people in Australia. Motives to drink have been identified as the most proximal factor to alcohol consumption.The aim of this study is to assess the validity of a culturally modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) (Cooper, 1994) with Aboriginal participants. The study was cross sectional, utilising data collected via face-to-face surveys with a sample of adult Aboriginal participants. A convenience sample of 135 Aboriginal men (n=41) and women (n=94) from the Pilbara Region of Western Australia, who had consumed alcohol in the preceding 12 months. The Culturally modified DMQ-R (CDMQ-R) developed in consultation with Aboriginal …

Curating A Knowledge Base For Individuals With Coinfection Of Hiv And Sars-Cov-2: A Study Protocol Of Ehr-Based Data Mining And Clinical Implementation, Chen Liang, Sharon Weissman, Bankole Olatosi, Eric G. Poon, Michael E. Yarrington, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction Despite a higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease in individuals with HIV, the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infections remain unclear. To delineate these interactions, multicentre Electronic Health Records (EHR) hold existing promise to provide fullspectrum and longitudinal clinical data, demographics and sociobehavioural data at individual level. Presently, a comprehensive EHR-based cohort for the HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection has not been established; EHR integration and data mining methods tailored for studying the coinfection are urgently needed yet remain underdeveloped. Methods and analysis The overarching goal of this exploratory/developmental study is to establish an EHR-based cohort for individuals with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection and …

Post Covid-19 Cognitive Impairment In A Patient With Bipolar Disorder, Nilanjana Dutta, Raghav Gupta, Dr. M Kishor Mbbs, Md

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

COVID-19 has caused widespread health conditions, psychological and social distress among people and there is evidence that shows profound neuropsychiatric complications during acute and post-recovery phases of the infection. Cognitive impairment occurring after COVID-19 infection can be explained by various mechanisms, including persistent systemic inflammation, direct viral invasion, alteration in the blood-brain barrier, and cerebrovascular endothelial injury.There are few studies that have explored the impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing psychiatric conditions. This case report highlights the temporal association of cognitive impairment with COVID-19 and the need for cognitive assessment and management in post-COVID-19 patients with pre-existing psychiatric conditions.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder With Porn Addiction During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Varuni Pragya, M Kishor Dr.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 Pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has affected the mental health of individuals immensely. OCD was among the mental health conditions that emerged with the new norm that is associated with repeated hand wash, social distancing and testing to confirm COVID-19. Nissen et al. (2020) found that there was a significant positive correlation between total OCD severity scores and the occurrence of OCD aggressive and sexual symptoms. [6] The COVID-19 lockdown translated into physical isolation, driving individuals to waste time online with no definite purpose, spending longer, abnormal durations of time online when bored, leading to increased …

Inspire Yourself: Volunteer!, Judith Sullivan

Journal of Transformative Touch

Doing volunteer short Zero Balancing sessions once a month for 13 years for staff, volunteers and sometimes "guests" at The Haven, a a multi-resource day shelter in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia supports the community in many ways.

Emerging Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic About The Decisive Competencies Needed For The Public Health Workforce: A Qualitative Study, Osnat Bashkin, Robert Otok, Lore Leighton, Kasia Czabanowska, Paul Barach, Nadav Davidovitch, Keren Dopelt, Mariusz Duplaga, Leah Okenwa Emegwa, Fiona Macleod, Yehuda Neumark, Maya Peled Raz, Theodore Tulchinsky, Zohar Mor

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The global COVID-19 crisis exposed the critical need for a highly qualified public health workforce. This qualitative research aimed to examine public health workforce competencies needed to face COVID-19 challenges and identify the gaps between training programs and the competency demands of real-world disasters and pandemics. Through a sample of thirty-one participant qualitative interviews, we examined the perspectives of diverse stakeholders from lead public health organizations in Israel. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the data. Six themes emerged from the content analysis: public health workforce's low professional status and the uncertain future of the public health workforce; links between …

Validity Of An Abbreviated Individual Water Insecurity Experiences (Iwise-4) Scale For Measuring The Prevalence Of Water Insecurity In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Hilary J. Bethanancourt, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Sera L. Young

Faculty Publications

The 12-item Water Insecurity Experiences Scales provide high resolution, cross-context equivalent data on household and individual water insecurity. A 4-item, 1-minute version of the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE-4) Scale has proven useful for understanding the prevalence of household water insecurity experiences when limited resources preclude the use of the HWISE-12 Scale. Herein, we tested the validity of an analogous four-item version of the Individual Water Insecurity Experiences Scale (IWISE-4) for measuring the prevalence of individual water insecurity when limited resources prevent implementation of the IWISE-12 Scale. We used data from adults in 31 low- and middle-income countries (n …

Evaluation Of The Control Of Water Sanitation And Hygiene Related Disease Through Community Hygiene Club Intervention In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana, Elias Nyandwi, Nadine Rujeni, Chantal Marie Ingabire Dr, Kato Jonas Njunwa, Théoneste Ntakirutimana, Gaspard Rwanyiziri, Joseph Tuyishimire, Schaddrack Ngabonziza

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

This article consists of a review article reporting the results of previous evaluations of the control of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related disease through the Community Hygiene Club (CHC) intervention from 2010 to 2020. CHC constitutes the main intervention for the control of WASH-related disease in Rwanda and is implemented countrywide. The study objective was to evaluate if the CHC intervention significantly reduced the prevalence of WASH-related disease after 10 years of its implementation in Rwanda. The study utilized online existing policy documents, research reports, and experiences on the CHC intervention in Rwanda published between 2010 and 2020. We …

Financial Barriers To Mental Healthcare Services And Depressive Symptoms Among Residents Of Washington Heights, New York City, Roman Pabayo, Claire Benny, Sze Yan Liu, Erin Grinshteyn, Peter Muennig

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objectives: In the United States, Hispanics are more likely to experience financial barriers to mental health care than non-Hispanics. We used a unique survey to study the effect of these financial barriers on the severity of depressive symptoms among Hispanics who had previously been diagnosed as having depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 Washington Heights Community Survey, administered to 2,489 households in Manhattan, New York City. Multiple regression models and propensity score matching were used to estimate the association between financial barriers to mental health care and depressive symptoms and the likelihood of being clinically depressed. …

County-Level Social Vulnerability And Breast, Cervical, And Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In The Us, 2018, Cici Bauer, Kehe Zhang, Qian Xiao, Jiachen Lu, Young-Rock Hong, Ryan Suk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Area-level factors have been identified as important social determinants of health (SDoH) that impact many health-related outcomes. Less is known about how the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a scalable composite score, can multidimensionally explain the population-based cancer screening program uptake at a county level.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the geographic variation of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates and the association between county-level SVI and the 3 screening rates.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cross-sectional study used county-level information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's PLACES and SVI data …

Co2 Levels Behind And In Front Of Different Protective Mask Types, Hossein Akhondi, Sassan Kaveh, Kimball Kaufman, Tina Danai, Napatkamon Ayutyanont

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Objectives

Many individuals have difficulty adapting to face mask use and report symptoms while using masks. Our primary objective was to determine whether continuous mask-wearing causes elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) behind the facemasks.

Methods

CO₂ concentrations were measured behind 3 different types of face masks and were compared to CO^₂ concentrations at the mask front in 261 subjects who continuously wore masks for at least 5 minutes. These CO₂ concentrations were also measured in several randomly selected subjects after a 5-minute walk.

Results

There were significantly higher CO₂ concentrations behind the mask …

Spatial Analysis Of Seven Islands In Indonesia To Determine Stunting Hotspots, Tiopan Sipahutar, Tris Eryando, Meiwita Budiharsana

Kesmas

Indonesia is a vast country struggling to reduce its stunting prevalence. Hence, identifying priority areas is urgent. In determining areas to prioritize, one needs to consider geographical issues, particularly correlations among areas. This study aimed to discover whether stunting prevalence in Indonesia occurs randomly or in clusters; and, if it occurs in clusters, which areas are the hotspots. This ecological study used aggregate data from the 2018 National Basic Health Research and Poverty Data and Information Report from the Statistics Indonesia. This study analyzed 514 districts/cities across 34 provinces on seven main islands in Indonesia. The method used was the …

Spatial Analysis For Enhancing The Use Of Health Data Availability From Different Sources To Help The Decision-Making Process, Tris Eryando

Kesmas

Spatial analysis in public health has become a common method used by researchers to understand the distribution of public health aspects related to the surrounding environment. It can also be used to analyze individual information in the form of a dot and the location or line of aggregated information in a specific area of study. Another benefit is the possibility of using different data sources to be analyzed in one statistical model analysis, as long as the identification area is sufficiently clear as a key variable. Spatial analysis can show an object's distribution on a locational map and explain the …

Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Seroprevalence In Jakarta, Indonesia, Iwan Ariawan, Hafizah Jusril, Muhammad N Farid, Pandu Riono, Wiji Wahyuningsih, Widyastuti Widyastuti, Dwi Oktavia T L Handayani, Endang Sri Wahyuningsih, Rebekka Daulay, Retno Henderiawati, Safarina G. Malik, Rintis Noviyanti, Leily Trianty, Nadia Fadila, Khin Saw Aye Myint, Frilasita A. Yudhaputri, Neeraja Venkateswaran, Kodumudi Venkateswaran, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, William A. Hawley, Juliette Morgan, Paul M. Pronyk

Kesmas

The SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to increase knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in urban settings. A population-based serosurvey among individuals aged one year or older was conducted in Jakarta. Employing a multistage sampling design, samples were stratified by district, slum, and non-slum residency, sex, and age group. Blood samples were tested for IgG against three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying sample weights and adjusting for cluster characteristics. In March 2021, this study collected 4,919 respondents. The weighted estimate …

A Stunting Prevention Risk Factors Pathway Model For Indonesian Districts/Cities With A Stunting Prevalence Of ≥30%, Nina Fentiana, Endang L. Achadi, Besral Besral, Abram Kamiza, Trini Sudiarti

Kesmas

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children aged 0-23 months is a public health problem caused by direct and indirect factors. This study aimed to discover the path of the relationship between various risk factors and the stunting prevalence of ≥30% in 165 districts/cities in Indonesia. Data were obtained from the 2018 National Basic Health Research, National Socioeconomic Survey, and the Statistics Indonesia with a cross-sectional approach. The secondary data on stunting and risk factors were aggregated at the district/city level from individual data; children aged 0-23 months. The path analysis used to determine a stunting prevention model showed that …

Model Autonomy Of Self-Finance Management For Primary Health Care To Enhance Workers’ Satisfaction, Ahmad Jet Alamin, Ossama Issac, Lina Teo, Atikah Adyas

Kesmas

This study aimed to find an appropriate model of autonomous self-finance management in primary health care (PHC) to enhance workers' satisfaction. This was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from 204 workers in ten Regional Public Service Agency for Primary Health Care (RPSAPHC)/Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (BLUD Puskesmas) in Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia using the partial least squares and structural equation model (PLS-SEM). A total of 73 indicators were used to examine the PHC transformation process to enhance workers' satisfaction. The indicators were grouped into three variables depending on workers' satisfaction: …

Determinants Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Passive Smokers, Adinda Rahma Triyaniarta, Santi Martini, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Sri Widati, Rizma Dwi Nastiti

Kesmas

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications of other diseases. The modifiable risk factors for T2DM are overweight, physical activity, hypertension, unhealthy diet, and smoking. This study aimed to analyze determinants of T2DM incidence in passive smokers among various factors. This study was conducted at Hospital X in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from September 2019 to April 2020. The variables were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Case samples were T2DM patients and passive smokers, while control samples were non-T2DM patients and passive smokers, with 52 respondents per group, of 104 total respondents. Variables statistically significant related to the …

The Effect Of Health Promotion Program On Perceived Self-Efficacy And Self-Care Practices Among Elderly With Multimorbidity In Chiang Mai, Thailand, Jukkrit Wungrath, Nuttida Khumai, Phinphot Phrommasen

Kesmas

Multimorbidity in the elderly is a major public health issue with serious consequences. This study investigated the effects of health promotion programs on perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices among the elderly with multimorbidity using a quasi-experimental study design from February to July 2021. The study samples were the elderly from Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, selected by a multistage random sampling technique. The experimental and control groups each comprised 40 elderlies with multimorbidity. All elderly participants took part in a 12-week health promotion program. The perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices of the study samples were assessed using interviews, …

Predictors Of Anxiety Toward Covid-19 Delta Variant: A Cross- Sectional Study Among Healthcare Providers In Java And Bali, Indonesia, I Ketut Swarjana, I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa, I Kadek Nuryanto

Kesmas

Health facilities are experiencing overcapacity, oxygen scarcity, and a limited number of healthcare providers due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus impacted on anxiety. This study aimed to determine predictors of anxiety among healthcare providers toward the Delta variant of COVID-19 in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 healthcare providers in Java and Bali Islands, and the snowball sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire and distributed through social media (WhatsApp), then analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (Chi-square test), and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). The results showed that 81 (21.8%) respondents experienced …

Perspectives On Reproductive Health Education Among Javanese Parents, Bagoes Widjanarko, Ratih Indraswari, Aditya Kusumawati, Novia Handayani

Kesmas

This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of reproductive health education among Javanese parents of children aged 9-11 years. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,306 parents in Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling technique. Some parents agreed that reproductive health education at home was unnecessary (29.5%), taboo (45%), difficult (73.1%), and awkward (41.5%). Most parents (72.7%) were not transparent in providing reproductive health information to their children by using other terms to name the genitals, considering the politeness aspect. Good practices of providing reproductive health information are slightly more common in mothers (54.2%), unemployed parents …

Infographic: E-Cigarette Use Among Students In Australian Schools, Zoe Kaskamanidis

Teacher infographics

New research assesses the nature and consequences of student vaping in primary and secondary schools in Australia. In this infographic, we explore the responses from a national sample of 196 school staff, surveyed about their perceptions of students’ e-cigarette use.

Relationship Power, Antiretroviral Adherence, And Physical And Mental Health Among Women Living With Hiv In Rural Kenya, Rachel L. Burger, Craig R. Cohen, A. Rain Mocello, Shari L. Dworkin, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Elly Weke, Lisa M. Butler, Harsha Thirumurthy, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Little is known about the association of gender-based power imbalances and health and health behaviors among women with HIV (WWH). We examined cross-sectional baseline data among WWH in a cluster-randomized control trial (NCT02815579) in rural Kenya. We assessed associations between the Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) and ART adherence, physical and mental health, adjusting for sociodemographic and social factors. SRPS consists of two subscales: relationship control (RC) and decision-making dominance. Women in the highest and middle tertiles for RC had a 7.49 point and 8.88 point greater Medical Outcomes Study-HIV mental health score, and a 0.27 and 0.29 lower odds …

Child Health In Darfur, Sudan: Addressing The Effects Of Armed Conflict On Children's Health In Darfur, Judith Natukunda

Master's Projects and Capstones

ABSTRACT

Background: For 19 years, the Darfur region of Sudan has experienced unending civil unrest and war, resulting in more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million displaced persons. The war led to severe food insecurity, clean and safe drinking water shortages, high disease prevalence, destruction of infrastructure, and a broken health care system. Despite the interventions by the global community and various humanitarian agencies, over 2.8 million people are still displaced and living in IDP camps across Darfur. Over 300,000 children are living in neighboring Chad. The armed conflict led to high levels of child malnutrition, a high …

Covid-19 Youth Ambassador Corp, A Community-Based Program To Address Vaccine Hesitancy, Atoosa Azarang

Master's Projects and Capstones

With over one million confirmed deaths from COVID-19, the United States (U.S.) continues to battle the public health crisis arising from the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on our economic, social, and health systems. Social distancing efforts and other precautionary measures such as mask-wearing have not sufficiently reduced morbidity and mortality from COVID-19; thus, COVID-19 vaccinations are an important tool for substantially alleviating the effects of the pandemic. Although COVID-19 vaccines are available to all Americans aged six months and older, many individuals are hesitant to receive vaccines. The two most common …

Standardizing Perinatal Mental Health Interventions: A Guide For The U.S., Maile Lauren Robles

Master's Projects and Capstones

The term perinatal individual refers to women and other individuals who are pregnant or who have been pregnant within the last 12 months. Every year, in the United States there are 700 pregnancy-related deaths and 10% are due to mental health causes including death by suicide. Mental health conditions including but not limited to anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder affect one in five perinatal individuals throughout the United States. This increases perinatal morbidity, hospitalization costs, and economic burden nationwide.

After 43 days postpartum, mental health conditions are the second leading cause of death. The United States …

Tobacco Policy Reform: Ending The Youth And Young Adult Tobacco Epidemic, Rocio Arjon

Master's Projects and Capstones

Tobacco has been accessible to communities all over the world since 6,000 BC. Overtime, the tobacco industry adapted its products to become more modern and look like technology or taste like common foods and candy. In 1989 the California Department of Public Health organized the California Control Tobacco Program (CTCP) which funds many local jurisdictions in California to provide tobacco education to community members and pass local ordinance to protect the health of their community. This paper is examining the existing policies in Hollister to protect our children and young adults, end the tobacco epidemic, advocate for more comprehensive tobacco …

The Rationale For The Utilization Of Under Desk Bikes In Office Settings, Danielle Little

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Inactivity and sedentary behavior are major health concerns, exacerbated by the amount of time individuals spend at work. Purpose: To examine if 30-60 minutes of daily under-the-desk bicycle (UDB) use while working for 8 weeks helped sedentary and physically inactive adults reach the U.S. physical activity guidelines (PAG) and improve perceptions of wellness and job satisfaction. Methods: Subjects (n=22, average age=45.3 yrs, average BMI=30.2 kg/m2) cycled for 30-60 minutes on workdays for 8-weeks at a self-selected intensity level of 2 or 3 out of 8 total levels. Participants were advised not to engage in additional physical activity outside the study …

Emergency Care For Youth Who Experience Suicidality And Identify As Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer/Questioning (Lgbtq+): An Interpretive Phenomenology, Theresa Schultz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Suicide is a leading cause of death in children; youth who identify as LGBTQ+ are at an exponentially higher risk of suicide. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of young adults who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency care for suicidality when they were adolescents.

Methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics phenomenology is the research method used in this study. Youth, ages 18-25 years, who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency treatment for suicidality when they were adolescents (13-17 years) were recruited to participate;fifteen youth enrolled. Individuals ranged in age from 20 to 25 years. Participants described …