Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

Impact Of Mass Distribution Of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (Llins) In Mozambique, 2011 To 2025: Retrospective And Prospective Modelling Of Child Mortality And Lives Saved, Erica Wetzler, Jorge A. H. Arroz, Chulwoo Park, Marta Chande, Figueiredo Mussambala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Community-Based School Nutrition Intervention Improves Diet Diversity And School Attendance In Palestinian Refugee Schoolchildren In Lebanon, Zeina Jamaluddine, Jowel Choufani, Amelia Reese Masterson, Reem Hoteit, Nadine R. Sahyoun, Hala Ghattas Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background:

School feeding programs have the potential to supply children with healthy school food, alleviate short-term hunger, and improve children's educational outcomes.

Objectives:

We linked community kitchens to a subsidized school snack intervention and assessed the impact of this intervention on nutritional (diet diversity, hemoglobin, and anthropometry) and educational (attendance and academic performance) outcomes of Palestinian refugee schoolchildren.

Methods:

We collected data from 1362 students (aged 5-15 y) and their parents at baseline, and at an 8-mo follow-up in 2 control and 2 intervention schools. We conducted linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression analyses to assess changes in outcomes of …

Gender And Racial Disparity For Hospital Emergency Service Usage In Usa: A Quantitative Analysis For Various Age Groups During 2010–2017., Subhendra N. Sarkar, Anthony F. Devito, Evans Lespinasse, Faisal Khosa

Publications and Research

Background: Annually emergency department (ED) services are utilized by more than 100 million Americans making ED usage trends important determinants of healthcare quality, outcomes and cost. Previous workers have demonstrated the existence of disparity in various healthcare services in USA although a comprehensive analysis has not been undertaken. Dahlgren and Whitehead rainbow model has offered insights for multiple factors of influence on an individual’s health and focuses on the relationships among these factors. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH; WHO initiatives) suggests that the social and environmental factors are at the root of most of the inequalities responsible …

Building Capacity In Dissemination And Implementation Science: A Systematic Review Of The Academic Literature On Teaching And Training Initiatives, Rachel E. Davis, Danielle D'Lima

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown significantly over recent years. Alongside this, an increased demand for training in D&I from researchers and implementers has been seen. Research describing and evaluating D&I training opportunities, referred to here as 'capacity building initiatives' (CBIs), can help provide an understanding of different methods of training as well as training successes and challenges. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of the evidence-base and how D&I CBIs are being reported in publications, a field-wide examination of the academic literature is required. METHODS: Systematic review to identify the type and range …

Terminal Logic Behavior And Strategic Defection Of Governmental Officials During Presidential Transitions In Guatemala: Implications For The Sustainability Of Food And Nutrition Security Policy, Jessica L. Escobar-Alegria, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Christine E. Blake

Faculty Publications

Background: Presidents with no possibility of re-election overvalue far-future rewards and succumb to terminal logic behavior (TLB), responding to end-of-tenure legacy concerns despite political context. Government authorities perceiving the outgoing government is losing power at the end of term behave under the logic of strategic defection (SD), dissociating from the outgoing government once it is perceived powerless. In countries where re-election is impossible and government turnover and inconstant political parties are concerns, governmental officials at all levels may show TLB and SD during transitions that affect policy sustainability. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the context during presidential transitions that …

A Prospective Study Of Patterns Of Regret In The Year After Hysterectomy, Roopina Sangha, Andrew Bossick, Wan-Ting K. Su, Chad Coleman, Neha Chavali, Ganesa Wegienka

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: This study sought to identify patterns of self-reported regret after hysterectomy.

Methods: Women undergoing hysterectomy for a benign indication were recruited in the 2 weeks prior to surgery. Women reported demographics and completed validated questionnaires (Decisional Regret Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Decisional Conflict Scale, and the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity) up to 7 times over the first year postsurgery. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and operative details. Latent class growth mixture models were applied to the repeated regret scores to identify patterns after hysterectomy. Clinical and other participant characteristics were compared across the classes.

Results: Three latent …

Action Items For Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Deanna J. Attai

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This special issue introduction provides a brief history of Breast Cancer Awareness Month and focuses on patient populations often omitted from annual marketing campaigns. The importance of research is emphasized as a means to improve the outcomes of people with metastatic breast cancer and male breast cancer as well as to address health care inequities related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

A History Of #Bcsm And Insights For Patient-Centered Online Interaction And Engagement, Matthew S. Katz, Alicia C. Staley, Deanna J. Attai

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Participation in cancer support groups can provide a sense of community and may better prepare patients for interactions with their health care team. Online interactions may overcome some barriers to in-person support group participation. #BCSM (breast cancer social media), the first cancer support community established on Twitter, was founded in 2011 by two breast cancer survivors. The aims of this study are to describe the growth and changes in this community and to discuss future directions and lessons that may apply to other online support communities.

Methods: Symplur Signals was used to obtain all #BCSM Twitter data from January …

Three Decades Of Research: The Case For Comprehensive Sex Education, Eva Goldfarb, Lisa D. Lieberman

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose

School-based sex education plays a vital role in the sexual health and well-being of young people. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of efforts beyond pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease prevention. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of three decades of research on school-based programs to find evidence for the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education.

Methods

Researchers searched the ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. The research team identified papers meeting the systematic literature review criteria. Of 8,058 relevant articles, 218 met specific review criteria. More than 80% focused solely on pregnancy and disease prevention and were excluded, leaving …

Weight Status Of Children Aged 2-5 Years Old, Attending A Paediatric Outpatient Clinic And Its Association With Parental Feeding Style And Parental Perceptions Of Weight Status, Aisling Lee, Helen Callaghan, Dara Gallagher Dr, Annette Lalor, Louise Rattigan, Hilary Greaney, Laura Keaver

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background: A child’s weight status can allow health care professionals to assess their developmental growth. A child having a low or high weight for height could be due to an imbalance in nutrient intake occurring. It is important to balance dietary intake and physical activity to maintain a healthy weight status. Excessive consumption of food can lead to an overweight/obese weight status which is linked to non-communicable diseases. Parental feeding style can directly impact a child’s set of eating behaviours. Therefore, parents have a strong influence over a child’s growth pattern. In addition, parental awareness of childhood obesity is reported …

An Evaluation Of The Coverage Of Theoretically Based Implementation Factors In Disseminated Classroom Physical Activity Programs., Hannah G. Calvert, Hannah G. Lane, Carolina M. Bejarano, Kelli Snow, Kate Hoppe, Nicole Alfonsin, Lindsey Turner, Jordan A. Carlson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) is increasingly recommended as a method to support children's physical activity, health, and academic performance. Many adoption-ready programs exist to aid in the implementation of CBPA in schools; yet, implementation rates remain low. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which resources provided by adoption-ready CBPA programs addressed theory-based implementation contextual factors to support implementation. Existing CBPA programs (N = 37) were identified through Internet searches and all materials (e.g., implementation guides) provided by each program were coded for their inclusion of 51 implementation factors based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation …

Child Marriage: Parents’ Lived Experience Of Decision-Making Processes And Consequential Health Effects, Hadiza Yakub, Jirina Foltysova, Jeanne Connors

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Child or early marriage is increasingly recognized as a public health concern that poses significant health challenges for a young bride. This qualitative research explored child marriage among Hausa-Fulani ethnolinguistic communities in Northeastern Nigeria. Qualitative interviews were conducted with parents who married off their underage children. The central research questions relied on a theoretical foundation of social values theory and interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study results provide an in-depth understanding of the child marriage phenomenon by exploring parents' lived experiences and the role of a child bride's health in the decision-making process and illustrates how social values and norms drive …

Influence Of Incentive Design And Organizational Characteristics On Wellness Participation And Health Outcomes, Jessica Grossmeier, David J. Mangen, David R. Anderson, Stefan B. Gingerich, Rebecca J. Mitchell, Mary T. Imboden, Gordon D. Kaplan, Gregg M. Gascon, Seth A. Serxner, Tony Bodak

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Objective: To explore how changing incentive designs influence wellness participation and health outcomes.

Methods: Aggregated retrospective data were evaluated using cluster analysis to group 174 companies into incentive design types. Numerous statistical models assessed between-group differences in wellness participation, earning incentives, and over-time differences in health outcomes.

Results: Four incentive design groups based on requirements for earning incentives were identified. The groups varied in support for and participation in wellness initiatives within each company. All four design types were associated with improved low density lipoprotein (LDL)(P < 0.01), three with improved blood pressure (P < 0.001), and two with improved fasting glucose (P < 0.03). No incentive plan types were associated with improved body mass index (BMI), but designs predominantly focused on health outcomes (eg, Outcomes-Focused) exhibited a significant increase over time in BMI risk.

Conclusion: Incentive design and organizational characteristics impact population-level participation and health outcomes.

The Social Value Of Zero Balancing, David Laden

Journal of Transformative Touch

Does Zero Balancing have a social value? Does it in some way contribute to the betterment of society? Does it really have the capacity to make the world a better place? These are questions I started asking myself years ago when I was going through a period of soul searching - investigating my own feelings of powerlessness - feelings of not doing enough in the larger sphere of “making the world a better place”.

Ua3/10 President's Messages - Fall Semester, Wku President's Office - Caboni

WKU Administration Documents

President's Message emails sent by Timothy Caboni to faculty & staff during fall semester, 2020.

• Big Red Restart
• Bowling Green/Warren County Coronavirus Workgroup
• Climbing to Greater Heights – Strategic Plan
• COVID-19 – Campus Climate Survey – Personnel Searches – Homecoming
• COVID-19 Escalation
• Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Work Group
• End of Semester
• Faculty/Staff Open Forum & Convocation
• Fall Semester – Big Red Restart
• Healthy on the Hill
• Healthy on the Hill – Graves Gilbert Clinic
• Hilltopper Guarantee: WKU’s Commitment to the Commonwealth
• Salary Reductions

Contraceptive Methods In The United States: The Question Of Abortive Mechanisms, Tara Ferenczy

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis reviews the many methods of contraception available in the United States. Although society’s understanding of women’s health has become a major topic, there is still a significant deficit of information regarding how the accessible methods affect women’s bodies, specifically reproductive tissue. The thesis analyzes numerous contraceptive options focusing specifically on the mechanisms of action to determine whether options have abortifacient properties so that readers may develop educated opinions regarding medical and ethical uses. Information involving strengths and limitations of each technique and the effects on both the female body and the reproductive material assist in understanding the process …

African American Emerging Adult Perspectives On Unintended Pregnancy And Meeting Their Needs With Mobile Technology: Mixed Methods Qualitative Study, Lucy Annang Ingram, Crystal Stafford, Quentin Mccollum, Mckenzie Isreal

Faculty Publications

Background: In the United States, a disproportionate number of unintended pregnancies occur among African Americans, particularly those in their later teenage years and early 20s. Mobile technology is becoming more ubiquitous as a method for health promotion; however, relatively little research has been done with this population to determine their perspectives about unintended pregnancy, the potential of successfully using mobile technology to prevent unintended pregnancy, and the content of such programs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain the perspectives of African American emerging adults about unintended pregnancy and the use of mobile technology to reduce unintended pregnancy …

Sensor-Measured Physical Activity Is Associated With Decreased Cardiovascular Disease Risk In African Americans, John A. Bernhart Ph.D., Mph, Ches, Gabrielle M. Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Sarah Eustis, Mary J. Wilson Phd, Mph, Brent Hutto Msph, Sara Wilcox Phd, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., E. Angela Murphy

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Few studies have examined relationships between sensor-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among African Americans. This study described relationships between PA and CVD risk in NEW Soul study participants. Methods: Participants completed a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan and measures of blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, height, and weight. Actigraph GTM accelerometers measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We assessed relationships between minutes/day of MVPA and total body fat percent, total lean body mass, total fat mass, total bone mass, total fat distribution, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio, …

National Nutrition Strategies That Focus On Maternal, Infant, And Young Child Nutrition In Southeast Asia Do Not Consistently Align With Regional And International Recommendations, Tuan T. Nguyen, Ashley Darnell, Amy Weissman, Jennifer Cashin, Mellissa Withers, Roger Mathisen, Karin Lapping, Timothy D. Mastro, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

We examined the consistency of national nutrition strategies and action plans (NNS) focusing on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia with regional and international recommendations. Between July and December 2017, we identified and extracted information on context, objectives, interventions, indicators, strategies, and coordination mechanisms from the most recent NNS in nine Southeast Asian countries. All NNS described context, objectives, and the following interventions: antenatal care, micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, breastfeeding promotion, improved complementary feeding, nutrition in emergencies, and food fortification or dietary diversity. Micronutrient supplementation for young children was included in eight NNS; breastfeeding promotion during pregnancy …

The Intersection Of An Epidemic And Pandemic: Smoking, Risk-Taking, And Covid-19, Allison H. Stranick

Student Publications

Electronic cigarette use has risen drastically in recent years among teens and young adults. Rates of conventional cigarette use have decreased, while rates of electronic cigarette use are on the rise. Knowledge and perceptions of the risks and benefits of conventional and electronic cigarettes greatly impacts adolescents and young adults’ decisions to use these products. Published literature explores the issues of social norms, intertemporal choice, present bias, prospect theory, and hyperbolic discounting as means to explain the way in which young populations perceive risk and risky behavior. Research suggests that children and young adults believe that e-cigarettes are safer, less …

Facing Covid-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, And Challenges Of Healthcare Providers, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This research brief describes findings from the Population Council study Reproductive Healthcare in the Time of COVID-19: Perspectives of Poor Women and Service Providers from Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab with the support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). During this study, 60 health care providers that represented 60 unique health facilities in Punjab’s Rahim Yar Khan district were interviewed by telephone, to evaluate how much they know about COVID-19 symptoms, prevention, and treatment, as well as their individual attitudes, practices, and challenges during the ongoing pandemic. To assess how the situation evolved during the critical first three months of …

Poor Women's Reproductive Health And Family Planning Challenges And Needs During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This research brief describes findings from the Population Council study Reproductive Healthcare in the Time of COVID-19: Perspectives of Poor Women and Service Providers from Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab with the support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The study conducted 164 interviews by telephone with beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, previously surveyed in 2019, to determine how much those most vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 know about the disease and its effects, in addition to understanding the pandemic’s effects on their lives, including their mental health and well-being as …

Early Breastfeeding Practices Contribute To Exclusive Breastfeeding In Bangladesh, Vietnam And Ethiopia, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Sunny S. Kim, Lan Mai Tran, Purnima Menon, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Limited evidence exists on the complex relationship among interventions, early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), prelacteal feeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). We examined whether early breastfeeding practices are associated with EBF and how much improving EIBF and non-prelacteal feeding contributes to increased prevalence of EBF. Survey data were collected in 2010 and 2014 as part of impact evaluations of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ethiopia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine effects of interventions and early breastfeeding practices on EBF. Structural equation modelling quantified the direct …

Package Warning Labels For Communicating Relative Risks Of Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, And E-Cigarettes, Yoo Jin Cho

Theses and Dissertations

Package warning labeling policy is a fundamental public health strategy for communicating about tobacco product risks. The rapidly growing markets for novel tobacco products, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and e-cigarettes (ECs), make it critical to determine the characteristics of effective warning label policies for these products, which have lower levels of risk compared to cigarettes according to available evidence. Whether warning labels can communicate information about a continuum of risk across tobacco products is unexplored.

This dissertation investigated two warning label systems for communicating the relative risks of cigarettes, HTPs, and ECs: (1) varying warning sizes as a …

Differences In Adolescent Activity And Dietary Behaviors Across Home, School, And Other Locations Warrant Location-Specific Intervention Approaches., Adrian Ortega, Carolina M. Bejarano, Christopher C. Cushing, Vincent S. Staggs, Amy Papa, Chelsea Steel, Robin P. Shook, Debra K. Sullivan, Sarah C. Couch, Terry L. Conway, Brian E. Saelens, Karen Glanz, Lawrence D. Frank, Kelli L. Cain, Jacqueline Kerr, Jasper Schipperijn, James F Sallis, Jordan A. Carlson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Investigation of physical activity and dietary behaviors across locations can inform "setting-specific" health behavior interventions and improve understanding of contextual vulnerabilities to poor health. This study examined how physical activity, sedentary time, and dietary behaviors differed across home, school, and other locations in young adolescents.

METHODS: Participants were adolescents aged 12-16 years from the Baltimore-Washington, DC and the Seattle areas from a larger cross-sectional study. Participants (n = 472) wore an accelerometer and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker (Mean days = 5.12, SD = 1.62) to collect location-based physical activity and sedentary data. Participants (n = 789) completed 24-h …

Wellness In The Helping Professions: Historical Overview, Wellness Models, And Current Trends, Ashley J. Blount, Dalena L. Dillman Taylor, Glenn W. Lambie

Journal of Wellness

Introduction

Wellness and the concept of holism have rich histories throughout the helping professions. However, Westernized medical models often promote the concept of treatment rather than prevention, limiting the helper’s ability to focus on wellness when working with clients/patients. Therefore, in order to support a re-integration to holistic wellness and the prevention of illness, and re-focus on a wellness ideology, we conducted a thorough theoretical overview of wellness in the helping professions to: (a) provide a historical overview of wellness in helping professions, (b) discuss prominent wellness models, (c) review wellness assessments, (d) present wellness supervision models, and (e) offer …

The International Journal Of Zero Balancing And Transformative Touch: A Welcome By Founder Dr. Fritz Smith, Fritz Smith

Journal of Transformative Touch

This journal holds the promise of allowing the benefits of transformative touch to be more widely shared by way of contributions from all of the touch modality communities that have so much to offer the world today.

Reporting The Spanish Influenza Epidemic In Nevada, Peter Michel

Library Faculty Research

The last great global pandemic before COVID 19 was the Spanish Influenza of 1918-20 which killed by some estimates over 30,000,000 people, 675,000 of those in the United States, ten-times the number of Americans who died in World War I. In another historical comparison, more people died of the Spanish Influenza in one year than died in four years of the Black Death of 1347-1351 in which a third of Europe’s population perished. In the early days of mass communication by telegraph and newspapers, compared to our own age of instant, constant streaming information, how did people know what was …

Beyond Clinical Food Prescriptions And Mobile Markets: Parent Views On The Role Of A Healthcare Institution In Increasing Healthy Eating In Food Insecure Families., Emily Dewit, Emily Meissen-Sebelius, Robin P. Shook, Kimberly Pina, Evelyn Donis De Miranda, Michelle J. Summar, Emily A. Hurley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Children in food-insecure families face increased barriers to meeting recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. Hospitals and pediatric healthcare institutions have attempted to alleviate food-insecurity through various internal programs like food prescriptions, yet little evidence for these programs exist. Consistent with a patient-centered perspective, we sought to develop a comprehensive understanding of barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption and a parent-driven agenda for healthcare system action.

METHODS: We conducted six qualitative focus group discussions (four in English, two in Spanish) with 29 parents and caregivers of patients who had screened positive for food-insecurity during visits to a large pediatric …

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression For Venous Thromboembolism Prevention: A Systematic Review On Factors Affecting Adherence, Richard Greenall, Rachel E. Davis

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal complication of hospitalisation. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is one approach to reducing the likelihood of a VTE. Adherence to IPC is known to be inadequate though the reasons for this remain unclear. This systematic review explores factors that affect adherence to IPC in the inpatient context. METHODS: Information sources-EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for literature between January 1960 and May 2019. Eligibility criteria-studies were included if they focused on inpatient care and examined factors affecting adherence to IPC devices. RESULTS: Included studies-a total of 20 out of 1476 studies were included. …