Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

A Qualitative Examination Of Barriers And Motivators To Smoking Cessation Among Hiv Positive African American Msm Smokers, Alicia Kaye Matthews, Maria Vargas, Lisa Kuhns, Nitin Shappiva, Andrea C. King

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: To identify barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among HIV-positive African American men-who-have-sex with men (MSM) who smoke.

Procedures: A convenience sample of smokers was recruited for this study using a range of outreach approaches. Focus groups (N = 4) were conducted that examined: quit experiences, barriers to and motivators of cessation, cultural beliefs, and community norms. Established qualitative methods were used to conduct and analyze the focus groups.

Main Findings: Participants (N = 31) reporting being diagnosed with HIV+ for M = 12 years. More than 60% reported a quit attempt in the past year. Knowledge was about …

Reducing Colorectal Cancer Incidence And Disparities: Performance And Outcomes Of A Screening Colonoscopy Program In South Carolina, Sudha Xirasagar, Yi-Jhen Li, James B. Burch, Virginie G. Daguisé, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the efficiency, effectiveness, and racial disparities reduction potential of Screening Colonoscopies for People Everywhere in South Carolina (SCOPE SC), a state-funded program for indigent persons aged 50–64 years (45–64 years for African American (AA)) with a medical home in community health centers. Patients were referred to existing referral network providers, and the centers were compensated for patient navigation. Data on procedures and patient demographics were analyzed. Of 782 individuals recruited (71.2% AA), 85% (665) completed the procedure (71.1% AA). The adenoma detection rate was 27.8% (males 34.6% and females 25.1%), advanced neoplasm rate 7.7% (including 3 cancers), …

Report Of A Curriculum Used In A Peer-Delivered Intervention To Reduce Obesity Of Adolescents In Southern Appalachia And Its Relationship To The National Health Education Standards, Diana Mozen, William Dalton, Taylor Mckeehan, Deborah Slawson

International Journal of Health Sciences Education

Adolescent obesity in Southern Appalachian is among the highest in the nation. Even though adolescent obesity is a major public health concern, effective interventions are limited. Team Up for Healthy Living is a cluster-randomized control trial developed to test the effectiveness of a cross-peer intervention with high school students focusing on healthy eating and physical activity. This instructional article describes the 8-week curriculum developed and utilized by Team Up for Healthy Living with an emphasis on the relationship to National Health Education Standards. This is important given the standards were created to promote and support health-enhancing behaviors for students all …

Investigating The Viability Of Two Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Isolates After Air-Drying, Samantha Lane, Joanna Brooke

DePaul Discoveries

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a water-borne infectious bacterium that is found in both clinical (hospitals) and non-clinical environments. This human pathogen is commonly recovered from respiratory tract infections. A recent study at a hospital in Taiwan suggested that dry patient charts can serve as a vehicle of transmission of this bacterium⁷. As S. maltophilia is not commonly isolated from dry surfaces, this current study tested the hypothesis that this pathogen can remain viable for some time on a dry surface. This study was designed to determine how long S. maltophilia could remain viable after air-drying by observing …

Toward A Biocommunicable Cartography Of Health Decision-Making In The Amazon Basin Of Ecuador, James Cartwright

Lawrence University Honors Projects

This paper comprises a critical, ethnographic study of health communication in a rural community of Amazonian Ecuador. By synthesizing approaches from anthropology, discourse studies, and public health, the study explores how conversations influence health decisions, how communities understand health systems, and how macrostructural discourse changes the political economy of healthcare in Ecuador. My work draws on the recent theoretical development of ‘biocommunicability’ in anthropology as well as earlier sociological research on knowledge construction. Most importantly, this paper offers a critique of current interventions by NGOs in the region.

Post-Treatment Drug Use, Recidivism, Analogous Behaviors, And Perceptions Of Fairness: Examining Whether Parolees With Low Self-Control Will Benefit From The Collaborative Behavioral Management Intervention, Sriram Chintakrindi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation tested Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) low self-control theory and its relationship with post-treatment outcomes by conducting a secondary-data analysis of a randomized controlled trial on parolees (n=569) called the Step'n Out study (2005). The Step'n Out study (2005) compared the results of a control group (standard parole) with an experimental treatment for parolees called the Collaborative Behavioral Management (CBM) intervention which was designed to improve substance-use treatment outcomes, reduce drug use, and reduce recidivism for parolees participating in the study.

Low self-control theory states that individuals with character traits that are impulsive, risk-seeking, self-centered, and display volatile temper …

Does End Of Life Terminology Influence Decisional Conflict In Surrogate Decision Makers?, Dawn Fairlie

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study investigated the relationship between end of life terminologies and decisional conflict in surrogate decision makers using a convenience sample of 234 adults age 50 and older at active adult communities, and senior centers in New Jersey. Participants were randomized into two groups, and each received a vignette that was personalized. The vignettes varied only in the use of the words "Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)" and "Allow Natural Death (AND)". The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) was administered.

There was no difference in total DCS score based on AND and DNR versions. However, AND respondents perceived their decision as a …

Hot And Bothered: The Role Of Arousal And Rejection Sensitivity In Dual Process Sexual Decision Making For Gay And Bisexual Men, H Jonathon Rendina

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Dual process theories of decision making acknowledge the functioning of two distinct yet simultaneous processes termed System 1 and System 2. While System 1 relies more heavily on automatic and affective processing, System 2 relies more heavily on effortful and cognitive processing. Over the past several decades, many lines of research have shown the importance of System 1 in decision making and several prominent social psychological theories of interpersonal behavior, such as rejection sensitivity, rely on this dual distinction between affective and cognitive processing. Despite the prominence of dual process theories in many areas of psychology, the role of System …

Access To Healthcare For Vulnerable Asian Subgroup Populations In The United States, Deborah Kim-Lu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Objectives: This dissertation examines the barriers for access to healthcare for the top four most uninsured Asian American subgroups (Bangladeshi, Cambodian, Korean, and Pakistani communities). Methods: Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study consisted of: (1) an in-depth review of the Health Services Research literature; (2) qualitative interviews with 24 national health experts and advocates on Asian American health; (3) a survey of a non-probability sample of 107 Koreans in the tri-state region (Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York) using the Access to Healthcare Survey for Koreans in the U.S. instrument, which includes a Likert scale with 21 barrier questions …

Meal Pattern Of Male Rats Maintained On Amino Acid Supplemented Diets: The Effect Of Tryptophan, Lysine, Arginine, Proline And Threonine, Raghad Ayaso, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Mohamad Abiad, Omar Obeid

Faculty Publications

The macronutrient composition of the diet has been shown to affect food intake, with proteins having distinct effects. The present study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with individual amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, arginine, proline and threonine) on meal pattern among male rats. Meal pattern and body weight were monitored for two weeks. Proline and threonine had minimal effects on meal pattern, while the most pronounced changes were observed in the tryptophan group. Both tryptophan and lysine decreased overall food intake, which was translated into a reduction in body weight. The reduced food intake of the tryptophan group was associated …

「思、動、獻」健康領袖培訓課程, Office Of Service-Learning, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun Healthy City Association Limited

OSL Book / Book Chapter / Manual 書刊/文章/教材冊

健康是一個大眾所關心的議題，即使社會科技日新月異，人類也未能打破疾病的痛苦。為了讓屯門社區人士、長者和學生學習健康知識和建立運動習慣，並發揮貢獻文化，將健康知識散播於社區中，嶺南大學服務研習處和屯門健康城市有限公司，並在食物及衞生局健康護理及促進基金資助下開展為期一年半的「思、動、獻」計劃。計劃連繫學生、長者及社區人士學習健康訊息，更以自創，並揉合快樂及運動元素的「思、動、獻」舞，鼓勵學員參與愉快又輕鬆的舞蹈訓練 和健康講座。從簡單易學的舞蹈中培養出對運動的興趣及熱誠，並藉著運動與健康的群體活動，強化家庭和諧及促進長幼共融。

此教材套總結為期18個月的經驗，為學校及機構提供籌備推廣健康計劃的藍本及相關教材。此教材套詳細介紹「思、動、獻」的理論，描述合作單位的角色和責任。在闡述活動教學實踐和注意事項的同時，亦提供活動成效評估，讓學校和機構更能具體了解計劃成效。

Increasing Long Term Weight Loss Success: An Individualized, Holistic, Self-Care Model, April D. Lane

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Despite the many weight loss options available, the majority of overweight and obese individuals who try to lose or maintain weight loss are unsuccessful. This lack of success has been the focus of extensive research. In an attempt to develop more effective modalities, researchers have identified several predictors of weight loss success. However, the efficacy of diets is still limited.

For many, this lack of weight loss success may be due to issues such as depression, loneliness, anxiety, lack of support, or other environmental factors that may be imperceptibly related to food and exercise. Repeated dieting failures may produce feelings …

Oceano Community Health Plan, Eugene Phillip Brennan

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Oceano Community Health Plan

Phillip Brennan

Recent, mounting research shows that chronic disease, the leading causes of death and primary driver of health care costs, cannot be effectively addressed through education or preventative health alone. A physical environment that promotes health—through access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, quality housing, transportation options, and safe schools—is an integral part of making our communities healthier. This research and accompanying Healthy Community Plans will serve as a way for the County to begin looking in-depth at the ways the built environment (our streets, parks, and neighborhoods) contribute or detract from the …

Reporting Risk, Producing Prejudice How News Reporting On Obesity Shapes Attitudes About Health Risk, Policy, And Prejudice, Abigail C. Saguy, David Frederick, Kjerstin Gruys

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

News reporting on research studies may influence attitudes about health risk, support for public health policies, or attitudes towards people labeled as unhealthy or at risk for disease. Across five experiments (N = 2123) we examined how different news framings of obesity research influence these attitudes. We exposed participants to either a control condition, a news report on a study portraying obesity as a public health crisis, a news report on a study suggesting that obesity may not be as much of a problem as previously thought, or an article discussing weight-based discrimination. Compared to controls, exposure to the public …

What Do Parents In Mississippi Really Think About Sex Education In School?: Results Of A State-Level Survey, Colleen Mckee, Kathleen Ragsdale, Linda H. Southward

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: Despite broad public support for comprehensive sex education, its implementation remains controversial in the United States, especially in states such as Mississippi that have been identified as politically conservative. This study examined parental opinions regarding the implementation of age-appropriate sex-related education (SRE) (i.e., abstinence-plus education) in Mississippi public schools.

Methods: Data were used from the first state-level survey of a randomized sample of parents (N = 3,600) of public school students in Mississippi. The sample was relatively equally distributed between non-Hispanic whites (52.8%) and African Americans (48.2%). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine parental support for …

Mi Cuerpo, Nuestra Responsabilidad: Using Photovoice To Describe The Assets And Barriers To Sexual And Reproductive Health Among Latinos In North Carolina, Barbara Baquero, Shira Goldman, Florence Siman, Sadiya Muqueeth, Laura Villa-Torres, Eugenia Eng, Scott D. Rhodes

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Latinos in North Carolina experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health. To identify and explore assets for and barriers to sexual and reproductive health in the Latino community, an academic-community partnership engaged community health workers (CHW) in Photovoice, a participatory qualitative research methodology. Five sessions were completed in which CHW agreed on photo assignments and discussed the photos. Themes included the role of men, cultural taboos, and the effect of undocumented immigrant status on access to resources. Findings were presented at a community forum. Building on the strengths of CHW to reduce barriers to sexual and reproductive health is a …

Conflict Translates Environmental And Social Risk Into Business Costs, Daniel M. Franks, Rachel Davis, Anthony J. Bebbington, Saleem H. Ali, Deanna Kemp, Martin Scurrah

Faculty Publications

Sustainability science has grown as a field of inquiry, but has said little about the role of large-scale private sector actors in socio-ecological systems change. However, the shaping of global trends and transitions depends greatly on the private sector and its development impact. Market-based and command-and-control policy instruments have, along with corporate citizenship, been the predominant means for bringing sustainable development priorities into private sector decision-making. This research identifies conflict as a further means through which environmental and social risks are translated into business costs and decision making. Through in-depth interviews with finance, legal, and sustainability professionals in the extractive …

Construction Flagger Struck And Killed In Two-Lane Highway Work Zone, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Construction

On a clear, cold, Monday, January 20, 2014, a 36-year-old married flagger entered a two-lane highway with his back toward oncoming traffic and was struck by a 2010 red Toyota Corolla, driven by a 53 year-old motorist. The seven-man crew had finished setting up a construction zone on a two-lane highway to repair damaged guardrails along the westbound side of the roadway. The crew had placed alert signs in each direction of travel in preparation to stop all traffic prior to completely closing the westbound lane and had just dropped off the victim, who was designated as the flagger for …

Application Of The Breastfeeding Personal Efficacy Beliefs Inventory And Acknowledgment Of Barriers For Improving Breastfeeding Initiation Rates In An Urban Population, Diwata Bose, Callie Cox Bauer, Kiley A. Bernhard, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is recognized as the preferred method of infant nutrition by American Academy of Pediatricians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the World Health Organization. Despite the benefits of BF, in 1998 only 69% of new mothers in the United States initiated BF and 29% continued to breastfeed at 6 months.

Objective: To assess perceived breastfeeding confidence (BFC) and determine barriers in regards to BF in an urban population.

Methods: The Breastfeeding Personal Efficacy Beliefs Inventory (BPEBI) was used to determine perceived BFC. The survey was distributed to 271 women during prenatal appointments at an urban Milwaukee …

Tanker Truck Involved In Deadly Crash On Interstate, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

February 17, 2014, on a cloudy Monday, around 4:40 p.m., a 40 year-old male tanker truck driver (victim) was driving down a straight level 3-lane interstate headed north bound to a neighboring state going approximately 70 m.p.h., to deliver his 45,000 lbs. of liquid sodium sulfate when he came upon a slow moving vehicle in the right lane, the victim swerved to the left to avoid the vehicle and his 2001 Kenworth tractor trailer left the road. The victim then overcorrected and his semi flipped landing on its top in the right side of the roadway in a grassy area …

Assessing The Potential Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On Uninsured Community Health Center Patients: An Update, Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

No abstract provided.

Nutritional Counseling At Jeffhope, Cara Siegel, Msii, Anita Modi, Msiii, Amy Tressan, Msi

CwiC-PH

INTRODUCTION

Obesity is a major national public health concern and is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality.¹ Specifically, obesity is correlated to increased frequency in coronary artery disease², type two diabetes³, some cancers⁴, and other serious health conditions⁵. An epidemiological study of 21 developed countries found that increased waist size, weight, and BMI were all associated with low income.⁷ Importantly, obesity has a high prevalence among the homeless population, one study finding 42.8% of homeless women obese.¹⁷ It has been reported that 39% of sheltered homeless Americans are …

Teens 4 Good: Positive Youth Development Through Urban Community Gardening, Katelyn Hurley, Mph, Nancy L. Chernett, Ma, Mph, Colleen Payton, Mph, Ches, Diane Cornman-Levy, Ms Pt

College of Population Health Lectures, Presentations, Workshops

Background and Rationale

• Teens that grow up in poor, blighted neighborhoods are at risk for a variety of negative outcomes, including poor health.¹

• In Philadelphia and many other urban communities, disparities in race, income, and education impact access to and consumption of fresh, healthy foods.²

• Youth development programs (YDP) have grown as a viable solution to ameliorate negative outcomes among at-risk youth.³

• Community gardens have been introduced in many urban environments to address issues of food insecurity.⁴

Teens 4 Good (T4G) is a youth-led entrepreneurial program that converts vacant city lots into community gardens.

• T4G was …

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A Manual To Improve The Health-Related Quality Of Life And Self-Efficacy For Older Adult Females Engaged In Physical Activity, Kimberly Berry

Graduate Theses

Health related quality of life and self-efficacy are two areas that decrease in older adulthood. Females experience numerous physical and mental changes through later adulthood and exercise can help ease this transition. This manual focuses on the positive effects of exercise on women's health related quality of life and self-efficacy. Older adult women can experience benefits from a regular exercise routine that incorporates cardio, strength training, flexibility and balance training.

Physical Activity And Nutritional Behavior Of Overweight College Students Trying To Lose Weight 2014, Santino Vallejos M.S.

Master's Theses

Although there are numerous benefits to increased physical activity and proper dietary behaviors, the decreased participation in physical activity and poor dietary behaviors has emerged as a significant problem within the college student population. The focus of this research study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and dietary behavior to weight loss behaviors within an undergraduate student sample of a small, comprehensive northeastern university. College-aged students (age range: 17 to 27 years old) completed the American College Health Association’s (ACHA) National College Health Assessment II (NCHA) during the years 2009 and 2012. According to the results, there were …

The Prevalence Of Smoking In Nursing Students, Jennifer Trotter

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Tobacco use is one of the most preventable sources of death and disease, and yet remains a worldwide problem. With the rising costs of healthcare, the focus of efforts to control them has honed in on lifestyle behaviors that contribute to the escalating costs. Within the scope of this scrutiny, the prevention or cessation of smoking and tobacco usage has become a global priority and a major focal point of worldwide anti-tobacco initiatives. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified cessation interventions by health care professionals as a crucial factor in successful patient smoking cessation, and studies have shown that …

Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Explain Physical Activity Among College Students, Ese B. Aghenta

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The health benefits of physical activity include improved cardiovascular health, reduced rates of diabetes and other metabolic diseases, weight maintenance and improved bone and mental health (United States Department Health & Human Services (2008). According to the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA, 2013), only 20.0% of college students in the United States meet this recommendation. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) attempts to explain the intention to perform behaviors that are not under an individual’s complete volitional control and has been highly utilized in predicting intention and performance of physical activity (Courneya, Nigg & Estabrooks, 1998). …

The Impact Of Body Image On Women In Later Life: Effects On Quality Of Life And Body Perception, Rachel L. Avants

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Physical, mental, and emotional changes can occur throughout the aging process, making it important to treat different age groups as separate populations when researching body image. Yet, very few instruments have been validated for middle-aged and older adults. An online survey was used to perform a validation of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) and examine demographic relationships, with a sample of 947 women, ages 40-79, from across the United States. A principal component analysis (PCA) and convergent validity supported the use of the BIQLI for women ages 40 to 79. A one-factor model was validated for comparing …

Factors Which Predict The Use Of Active Transportation To School Among Children In Clark County, Nv, Sheila G. J. Clark

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: Active transportation to school (ATS) shows promise for increasing activity levels in children, but prevalence and correlates vary widely in cities and regions with different barriers and supports for active travel. Classification of ATS users is a current issue in the field. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ATS use and develop a predictive model of ATS for the novel population of children enrolled in grades K-8 in Clark County School District, a large metropolitan school district in Southern Nevada. Methods: This study used a secondary data from the National Center for Safe Routes …

Substance Abuse Trends In Maine: State Epidemiological Profile 2014, Tim Diomede

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

This report takes into account the primary objectives of the Office of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHS): to identify substance abuse patterns in defined geographical areas, establish substance abuse trends, detect emerging substances, and provide information for policy development and program planning. It also highlights all the prevention priorities identified in the SAMHS strategic prevention plan: underage drinking, high-risk drinking among 18-25 year olds, misuse of prescription drugs among 18-25 year olds, and marijuana use in 12-25 year olds; as well as monitors the progress being made to address these priorities. This report includes data available through December …