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Articles 931 - 960 of 1540

Full-Text Articles in Public Health Education and Promotion

A Causal Layered Analysis Of Assistive Technology For The Cognitively Impaired Elderly, Dariusz J. Ropiak Jan 2018

A Causal Layered Analysis Of Assistive Technology For The Cognitively Impaired Elderly, Dariusz J. Ropiak

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Assistive technology may delay cognitively impaired elders' need for long-term institutionalization, and the promote independence. Its use is on the rise, yet the gap between the needs of the cognitive impaired elderly and what developers of the assistive technologies design, manufacture, and implement, remains to be filled. Using Inayatullah's 6-pillar approach, as the guide to the future of assistive technology, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how assistive technologies may fulfill the daily functional needs of the cognitively impaired elderly with Alzheimer's or other dementia by 2037. Data were collected from a focus group of 10 seniors …

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Factors Associated With Adherence To Diabetes Medication Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes In Cambridge, Ontario, Canada., Benedict Osamuimen Atekha Jan 2018

Factors Associated With Adherence To Diabetes Medication Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes In Cambridge, Ontario, Canada., Benedict Osamuimen Atekha

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although it is known that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise in Canada, more information is needed on how well type 2 diabetes patients living in Cambridge, Ontario self-manage their diabetes and what factors influence their adherence to diabetes medication regimens. The objective of this cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior was to determine if there are predictors of adherence to diabetes medications among patients living with type 2 diabetes in Cambridge. The World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Surveillance was used to collect demographic data. Adherence and diabetes knowledge were assessed with …

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Self-Disclosure Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status In Personal Relationships: Perceptions Of South Africans Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Delile Gertrude Langeni Jan 2018

Self-Disclosure Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status In Personal Relationships: Perceptions Of South Africans Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Delile Gertrude Langeni

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite enormous research on the experience of living with HIV, many questions remain regarding self-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners by people living with HIV (PLWHIV), which is essential to reducing further infection. In this study, a phenomenological approach captured the experience of self-disclosure among South Africans living with HIV in Louwsburg, South Africa. The health belief model served as a theoretical framework, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 PLWHIV (8 women, 4 men) who self-disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partners. Their experiences were explored, discovering their illness, motives for self-disclosure, feelings regarding disclosing, responses of …

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Streamlining Hospital Administrative Procedures To Reduce Costs, Dr. Claret Onukogu Jan 2018

Streamlining Hospital Administrative Procedures To Reduce Costs, Dr. Claret Onukogu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Americans spent nearly $2.6 trillion, or $8,000 per person for medical and administrative costs in 2010. By 2015, healthcare spending in the United States increased to 5.8% reaching $3.2 trillion or $9,990 per individual. By tackling healthcare administrative costs, it is estimated that healthcare providers could reduce these costs by $20 billion yearly. This case study explored strategies for streamlining hospital administrative procedures to reduce costs. The business process reengineering model formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data were gathered through semistructured face-to-face interviews guided by open-ended questions with a purposeful sample of 4 hospital managers in Atlanta, Georgia. …

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Relationships Among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, And Physical Activity, Ethan Pham Jan 2018

Relationships Among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, And Physical Activity, Ethan Pham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Aging increases the risk of both vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome may be related, although there are mixed findings. Furthermore, literature suggests other factors such as physical fitness activity and smoking behavior are associated with Vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic syndrome. A number of studies have documented associations between Vitamin D levels and physical fitness activities, while other studies found correlations between Vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, and smoking behavior. However, no previous study has examined the links between physical fitness activity, smoking behavior, Vitamin D levels, and the risks …

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Asperger's Syndrome In African American Children, Suzette Bailey Jan 2018

Asperger's Syndrome In African American Children, Suzette Bailey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of autism in the United States is 1 in 68 children. African American children are less likely to receive advance testing to confirm the diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome (AS) compared to other ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to determine if demographic factors (parental education level, family annual income, marital status of custodial parent(s), parent ethnicity, number of children in home, other children with disability, family location, mother age at time of birth, gender of child, birth status of child, adoption status and age, child order, and other disability) have any predictive relationship to AS diagnosis …

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Associations Between Substance Abuse And Mental Illness Among Sexual Minority Adults, Blanche O. Wright Jan 2018

Associations Between Substance Abuse And Mental Illness Among Sexual Minority Adults, Blanche O. Wright

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual minorities (lesbians, gays, and bisexuals) have a greater risk for substance abuse and mental illness than sexual majorities (heterosexuals). Associations between substance abuse and mental illness among sexual minority adults have not been widely studied. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to use the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration to study the association of substance abuse (alcohol; hard drugs such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine; and hallucinogens), prescribed drugs (pain relievers, tranquilizers, sedatives, stimulants, psychotherapeutic, and inhalants, as well as marijuana) and mental illness (no past …

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Improving Chronic Constipation Health Literacy Proficiency: Animation Versus Traditional Written Pamphlets, Jason Baker Jan 2018

Improving Chronic Constipation Health Literacy Proficiency: Animation Versus Traditional Written Pamphlets, Jason Baker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The U.S. health care system is evolving from medical centric to patient centered, augmenting the importance for patients to comprehend and process medical information. The Department of Education indicated that 77 million Americans have a basic or below basic health literacy proficiency and 12% register as health literacy proficient. Animation is a time-tested device for improving health by enhancing comprehension. Chronic constipation (CC) complexity entails physiological, anatomical, and environmental mechanisms. Using the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and dual-channel auditory and visual processing, the primary research question addressed whether an animated educational video improved health literacy for CC more than …

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Understanding Feeding Style And Young Children's Consumption Of Food, Mary W. Bean Jan 2018

Understanding Feeding Style And Young Children's Consumption Of Food, Mary W. Bean

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Due to increased rates of childhood obesity since 2010, researchers have examined family environmental factors and family influences on children's consumption of healthy foods. While previous research has examined how factors such as food presentation and the food intake of other family members can predict a child's body mass index, there has been little research examining whether parent factors predict the amount of healthy foods children eat. This quantitative survey study examined whether certain parent factors, specifically parents' attitudes about food, parents' feeding styles, and parents' attachment styles, predicted the amount of fruits and vegetables children ate. Understanding the extent …

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Demographic Differences, Self-Esteem And Sexual Assertiveness Among Black Women, Sharon Lewis-Keith Jan 2018

Demographic Differences, Self-Esteem And Sexual Assertiveness Among Black Women, Sharon Lewis-Keith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a high HIV prevalence rate for Black women in Virginia; however, few scholars have examined how sexual assertiveness and self-esteem against HIV vary within this group. Black women who have low levels of self-esteem may increase their risk for HIV. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if four aspects of sexual assertiveness (sexual initiation, sexual refusal, HIV/AIDS/STD communication, and contraception/STD prevention) differed across demographic categories and were associated with self-esteem in a diversified group of Black women living in Virginia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a community-based sample of 117 adult Black women. …

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Female Caribbean Immigrants' Perceptions Of The Influence Of Immigration On Obesity, Kerryann Nelson Jan 2018

Female Caribbean Immigrants' Perceptions Of The Influence Of Immigration On Obesity, Kerryann Nelson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a significant global issue, and its incidence has increased over time. A substantial percentage of the U.S. population suffers from this disease with a relatively high prevalence seen in individuals from the Caribbean. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore Caribbean women's perception of how migration to South Florida may have impacted the onset of obesity in this population. The social ecological model provided the framework for the study. Data were collected from 1-on-1 interviews held with 12 female participants between the ages of 18 and 35, who previously resided in the Caribbean at a healthy …

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Parental Influence On Hiv Vertical Transmission In Kenya, Hussein Abdi Nunow Jan 2018

Parental Influence On Hiv Vertical Transmission In Kenya, Hussein Abdi Nunow

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Mother-to-infant vertical transmission of HIV usually occurs during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breastfeeding. It is the third leading cause of transmission of HIV after sexual intercourse and blood transfusions. In 2008, 12 million women aged 15 years and above were anticipated to be living with HIV in countries within Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, the association between parental HIV knowledge, attitudes and risk reduction practices, and HIV vertical transmission in Kenya were explored. The health belief model was used to help understand and interpret the findings. For this quantitative study, data were collected via surveys from 212 participants in 3 …

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Motivation And Sociodemographic Factors In Organized Physical Activity Events, Katy Gozalka Jan 2018

Motivation And Sociodemographic Factors In Organized Physical Activity Events, Katy Gozalka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adult physical activity is important for prevention of chronic diseases and to minimize health issues; therefore, the motivational influences of sociodemographic variables on participation in organized physical activity events warrant an investigation. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate differences in motivational influences between various sociodemographic variables as related to physical activity events in organized settings. The theoretical framework that guided this research study consisted of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and the health belief model (HBM). The TRA was applied to study the intention of health behavior, while the HBM was used to investigate individuals' motivation …

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Understanding Parenting Styles Of Second-Generation Parents Of Residential School Survivors Within Treaty 8 Reserves, Judy Kim-Meneen Jan 2018

Understanding Parenting Styles Of Second-Generation Parents Of Residential School Survivors Within Treaty 8 Reserves, Judy Kim-Meneen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 150,000 First Nation, Metis, and Inuit children attended Canadian residential schools from the 1840s to 1996. Most residential school children had negative experiences of physical, verbal, and sexual abuse that led to parenting repercussions once these children became parents. These repercussions of residential schools led to a rate of neglect for First Nation children 12 times higher than non-First Nation children. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological descriptive study was to explore the lived experiences of second generation parents, who were schooled in residential schools as children and their current parenting styles. The conceptual frameworks of trauma theory and …

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Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of An Established Glycemic Monitoring Program In A High School Setting For Adolescents With Type I And Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Tabatha Lee Obeda Jan 2018

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of An Established Glycemic Monitoring Program In A High School Setting For Adolescents With Type I And Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Tabatha Lee Obeda

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adolescents with Type I and Type II diabetes need to monitor blood glucose and food intake, administer insulin, and participate in activities including physical education during school hours to maintain glycemic control. Glycemic management programs (GMPs) exist for the improvement of diabetes management during school hours. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a GMP in a school system in a rural area in the Southeastern United States. The goal was to determine if the existing GMP met objectives and to make recommendations for continuation, revision, or discontinuation of the GMP. The logic model provided the basic framework for …

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Women's Experiences Using Health Facilities For Childbirth In South Sudan, Gillian Magda Garnett Jan 2018

Women's Experiences Using Health Facilities For Childbirth In South Sudan, Gillian Magda Garnett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is low use of health facilities for childbirth in South Sudan despite the majority of households reporting access to a health facility. South Sudan has a high maternal mortality ratio with 789 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births. The absence of a midwife during labor and delays in reaching health facilities for childbirth remain the leading contributing factors to the high maternal mortality. Little is known, however, about factors influencing use and non-use of health facilities for delivery in the country. This phenomenological study, therefore, seeks to build a body of evidence by describing the experiences of women …

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Socioeconomic Characteristics Of Farmers And Agrochemical Use In Grenada, Lindonne Marcia Glasgow Jan 2018

Socioeconomic Characteristics Of Farmers And Agrochemical Use In Grenada, Lindonne Marcia Glasgow

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The World Health Organization classified carbaryl, glyphosate, and paraquat as hazardous to human health. In the Agriculture Health Study in the United States, health problems were associated with the use of these 3 agrochemicals 12 or more times per year. These 3 agrochemicals were commonly used in Grenada. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between the social and economic characteristics of the farmers who participated in the 2012 agriculture survey and the use of agrochemicals at frequencies that could pose health risks. Five constructs of the social cognitive theory were used as the premise …

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Predictive Relationship Between Treatment Adherence, Glycated Hemoglobin And Diabetic Complications Among Jamaicans, Christian Anaba Nwaukwa Jan 2018

Predictive Relationship Between Treatment Adherence, Glycated Hemoglobin And Diabetic Complications Among Jamaicans, Christian Anaba Nwaukwa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Patient nonadherence to physicians' prescribed therapeutic regimen is the greatest challenge in the effective treatment of patients with diabetes worldwide. Scientific evidence has revealed that nonadherence to prescribed medication could result in diabetic complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. The purpose of this study was to explore predictive relationships between levels of adherence to antidiabetic medications, patient HbA1c levels, and diabetic complications among Jamaicans, an understudied population. The research question that guided this study was: Do the patient level of adherence and HbA1c levels have any predictive relationship with the severity of diabetic complications …

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Exploring Disaster Preparedness For The Aging Population, Gladysmarie W.R. Harris Jan 2018

Exploring Disaster Preparedness For The Aging Population, Gladysmarie W.R. Harris

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Older adults are encountering harsh recovery after disasters, and compounding this problem is the lack of research on older adults' perceptions on disaster preparedness as aging affects the ability to react to emergency situations. To partially address that gap, the purpose of this general qualitative research study was to use Rotter's spectrum of locus of control theory to examine the level of preparation regarding disaster preparation of older adults who were living independently in single-family homes in a state affected by Hurricane Sandy. Data were collected through a qualitative survey distributed to adults aged 65 to 80-years (N=88) and publicly …

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Trauma-Informed Education Toolkit For Screening Pediatric Victims Of Sexual Abuse And Maltreatment, Analena Michelle Lunde Jan 2018

Trauma-Informed Education Toolkit For Screening Pediatric Victims Of Sexual Abuse And Maltreatment, Analena Michelle Lunde

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The complex challenges facing the sexual assault nurse examiners program in a midwest state are underreporting, late reporting, and poor coordination of care for pediatric victims of child maltreatment with sexual abuse. The main objective of this quality improvement project was the identification of necessary practice-related approaches to care to decrease barriers associated with reporting suspicions of abuse or neglect. An evidence-based, multidisciplinary assessment clinical toolkit that followed clinical components of trauma-sensitive, child-centered screenings triggering a coordinated response to conduct a forensic medical exam within 96 hours of the alleged incident was evaluated. During 3 rounds of surveys following the …

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The Lived Experiences Of Managing Uncertainty In Chronic Illness, Amanda Brown Jan 2018

The Lived Experiences Of Managing Uncertainty In Chronic Illness, Amanda Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Chronic illness is an increasing concern in the United States as the CDC reports that about 50% of adults have at least 1 chronic illness. When individuals must adjust to chronic illness they may experience uncertainty regarding the illness, prognosis, and symptoms. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of individuals living with uncertainty in chronic illnesses. A Merle Mishel's uncertainty in illness theory was the framework used to explore the lives of individuals diagnosed and living with chronic illness. In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 individuals who have chronic disease; data were audio-recorded …

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Implementation Of Food Safety Regulations In Food Service Establishments, Steve Randolph Mcallister Jan 2018

Implementation Of Food Safety Regulations In Food Service Establishments, Steve Randolph Mcallister

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Food service businesses in the United States have experienced millions of dollars in losses caused by foodborne illness outbreaks, which can lead to bankruptcy and business closures. More than 68% of all foodborne illness outbreaks occur in food service establishments. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore the strategies leaders of food service establishments use to implement food safety regulations. Force field analysis was the conceptual framework for this study. The population for the study consisted of 3 leaders of food service establishments located in the southeastern region of the United States. Data were collected using semistructured …

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Effect Of Socioeconomic And Neighborhood Factors On Stroke Hospitalization Rate In Virginia, Esther Musu Stephens Jan 2018

Effect Of Socioeconomic And Neighborhood Factors On Stroke Hospitalization Rate In Virginia, Esther Musu Stephens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The stroke rate in Virginia is above the national rate. Stroke results in poor quality health, morbidity, and mortality. This quantitative epidemiological study was conducted to investigate whether a significant association exists between stroke and (a) socioeconomic and (b) neighborhood factors among people who were admitted to Virginia hospitals between 2010 and 2015. An ecological design, including ecosocial theory, was used to examine associations between environmental factors and stroke. Data (746 census output areas) were acquired using patients' billing zip codes from the Virginia Health Information System in combination with socioeconomic and neighborhood data by Zip Code Tabulation Area from …

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The Role Of Family Structure In The Abuse Of Children, Ramona Okonya Jan 2018

The Role Of Family Structure In The Abuse Of Children, Ramona Okonya

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Every year, about 1 million children are abused in the United States and an average of 4.5 of those children die daily at the hands of caretakers, parents, relatives, or friends. Using the ecological model as a guide, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family structure and specific types of child maltreatment utilizing cases from an agency in Montgomery, Alabama, in 2012-2013. Approximately 727 cases of child maltreatment were reviewed. Logistic regression results indicate married and common law families' children are 1.83 times more likely to experience sexual abuse than the reference category (single) (OR= …

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A Staff Education Project And Screening Tool To Identify Calciphylaxis, Janice Pennington Jan 2018

A Staff Education Project And Screening Tool To Identify Calciphylaxis, Janice Pennington

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Calciphylaxis is a deadly disease seen primarily in patients with end stage renal disease. Literature indicated that improved patient outcomes are seen with routine screenings. Many dialysis providers lack fundamental knowledge that would enable early identification of calciphylaxis in patients with renal disease. The purpose of this project was to design a screening instrument and develop a staff education program that would transform calciphylaxis management by promoting early identification and treatment of the disease. Knowles's theory of andragogy was used as the theoretic framework for the project. Dialysis center staff (n = 26) participated in the education. The number of …

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Analysis Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Adherence In An Inner-City Clinic, Yvonne Washington-Turay Jan 2018

Analysis Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Adherence In An Inner-City Clinic, Yvonne Washington-Turay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than 10 million people in the United States are known to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and more than 300,000 begin treatment for LTBI annually. However, many fail to adhere to therapy for numerous reasons. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a new guideline, Targeted Tuberculin Testing and the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis, at inner-city tuberculosis (TB) control clinic in the United States. The practice-focused question for the project asked if the implementation of the clinical guideline using a shorter regimen improved LTBI treatment adherence. The health beliefs model was the framework used to …

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Factors Affecting Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African-Born Immigrants In The United States, Chidoziri Chibundu Jan 2018

Factors Affecting Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African-Born Immigrants In The United States, Chidoziri Chibundu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the evidence that colorectal cancer screening is effective in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer, racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening persist in the United States. African-born immigrants in the United States have lower colorectal cancer screening rates than native-born Americans. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study was to examine how family income, health insurance status, language of interview, length of stay in the United States, perceived health status, level of education, and having a usual place for medical care affect colorectal cancer screening among African-born immigrants in the United States. The …

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Reducing Congestive Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Through Discharge Planning, Lacy Rebaka Thomas Jan 2018

Reducing Congestive Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Through Discharge Planning, Lacy Rebaka Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Every year, thousands of congestive heart failure (CHF) patients are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. There is a gap in practice in the care continuum of patients with CHF within the transition from hospital to home. One of the factors known to increase a patient's risk for readmission is the lack of patient engagement and self-efficacy regarding the treatment plan. The purpose of this project was to implement a transition of care practice guideline that consisted of the use of a risk identification tool, a customized care plan for patients at high risk for readmission, and …

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Strategies For Improving Healthcare Efficiency While Reducing Costs, Jean Calvin Tchatchoua Jan 2018

Strategies For Improving Healthcare Efficiency While Reducing Costs, Jean Calvin Tchatchoua

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In comparison to the European healthcare system, the U.S. healthcare system has lower quality care, higher costs, and covers a smaller percentage of the population. Despite the high costs, the U.S. healthcare system remains dysfunctional. The purpose of this exploratory single case study was to identify the strategies that some healthcare managers in a hospital setting in the midwestern region of the United States use to improve efficiency while decreasing healthcare costs. Complex adaptive systems theory was used to frame this study that included face-to-face interviews with 6 highly experienced healthcare managers. Data were collected from audio recorded interviews and …

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Social Inclusion Outcomes For An Organization's Adolescent Parent Intervention, Anayra Ivette Tua Jan 2018

Social Inclusion Outcomes For An Organization's Adolescent Parent Intervention, Anayra Ivette Tua

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The study institution is a non-profit organization with a model developed from the continuous implementation of needs assessments of the families of adolescent parents in Puerto Rico, with the purpose of increasing their social inclusion potential. Addressing social exclusion and stigmatization of adolescent parents is vital because it generates a dual benefit for social interactions and growth. The social inclusion concept used and further elaborated for adolescent mothers is described by researchers as the level of access to engaging with institutions and societal relationships. This program evaluation was developed to understand the outcomes and effectiveness of the organization's social inclusion …

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