Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

The Effect Of The Cooper Wellness Program In Promoting Long- Term Lifestyle Behavior Changes, Ernesto P. S. Medina Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Most research on health behavior change programs examines their effectiveness in producing initial behavior changes, but fails to evaluate long-term maintenance of those changes. This study examined the effectiveness of the Cooper Wellness Program (CWP) in Dallas, Texas, in promoting maintenance of lifestyle behavior changes for one year or longer in the areas of diet, exercise, and stress management.

The CWP offers an intensive live-in lifestyle behavior modification program in four-, seven-, or 13-day formats. Data were collected from 223 individuals who attended the CWP between January, 1989, to February, 1992. The study addressed the following areas: 1) long-term maintenance …

Caffeine And Nicotine : A Review Of Their Combined Use, Interactive Effects And The Impact Of Caffeine Abstinence On Tobacco Cessation And Withdrawal, John A. Swanson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is good epidemiologic support to suggest a strong significant relationship between coffee consumption and smoking. In six epidemiological studies reviewed and analyzed, 86.4% of smokers consumed coffee versus 77.2% of nonsmokers. Seventeen experimental studies suggest that the phannacologic effect of caffeine in coffee may be partially but not totally responsible for the relationship. The behavioral relationship appears to be supported by conditioning, a reciprocal interaction (caffeine intake increases anxiety/arousal - nicotine decreases it), and combined effects of third variables (e.g., stress, alcohol).

In abstinent smokers, caffeine plasma levels increase, remain elevated for as long as six months and may …

The Impact Of A Primary Health Care Training Program On Morbidity In Kiyeyi, Rural Uganda, 1986-1991 : An Evaluation Of The Uganda-Finland Health Care Program, Marja-Leena Salin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examines the effects of primary health care education efforts in reducing the disease case rates of acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, malnutrition and measles in a rural Ugandan population between 1986 and 1991.

The intervention, a health education program offered by the Kiyeyi Health Center staff, consisted of a 12-week intensive training for community health workers and traditional birth attendants. Follow-up and supervision took place at regular intervals and continuing education was arranged every other year. Beginning in 1986, this training program was introduced in the first of seven clusters of villages, then expanded successively on an annual basis …

Self-Efficacy And Self-Care In The Hypertensive Female Patient, Robert Davis Lutz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study focused upon physician/patient interaction as it pertains to patient involvement in personal health-care planning decision making, and self-care. The study was a multi-intervention trial that allowed for testing the effectiveness of two instruments used separately or simultaneously, in combination. Participants were 73 female patients, ages 41 to 76, diagnosed with essential hypertension and requiring medication for control.

Patients were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) a control group that was given no intervention, 2) a Pre-Knowledge Intervention (PKI) group that was given an interactive treatment plan with foreknowledge of what their physicians would probably do at their next …

Shared Responsibility For Medication Use : An Experiment, Marjorie Tessner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Medication adherence is an important part of effective therapy for gastrointestinal disease. Theory has suggested that the more involved the individual is in their care the more adherent they will be to their medication regime. However, such management is often complicated by patient psychological factors, health beliefs, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge about medication.

In this experimental study of the impact of shared responsibility for medication use: an experiment, 60 patients from four ethnic groups were randomly assigned to three groups of 20 each: 1) routine discharge medication group, 2) formal education group, and 3) self medication and shared responsibility …

The Impact Of An Incentive/Competition Program On Participation And Smoking Cessation Among High Risk Smokers At The Worksite, Dyann M. Matson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the effectiveness of a multicomponent smoking cessation/reduction program (”M") at one worksite (N = 81), with the same program plus incentives and team competition ("I") at a second worksite (N = 68). Incentives were discontinued at six months. A third worksite (N = 36) received a traditional smoking cessation program ("T').

The "I" program attracted a higher percentage of hourly (blue-collar) smokers (18.5%) compared to the "M" program (9.3%), or the "T" program (7.9%). Incentives with competition were also effective for improving abstinence for as long as 6 months (41%) compared to the "M" program (23%), and …

Characteristics Of Habitual Dysfunctional Behaviors, Carole Ryan Serena

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The suggestion that habitual dysfunctional behavior disorders (HDBs) have a common underlying cluster of addictive characteristics and dynamics is new. A broad research base which would support this theory has not kept current with clinical In order successes. In order to address the need for relevant research, an anonymous cross sectional study was designed to identify, describe and compare variables associated with 15 habitual dysfunctional behaviors (HDBs) in a sample (N =176) from a broad spectrum of socioeconomic groups.

People reporting two different HDBs (alcohol and food-related behaviors) were compared to those not reporting any HDBs on levels of four …

Food Handling Practices Among Independent-Living Elderly, Judith Dianne Mcdonough

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Food has long been recognized as a vehicle of disease transmission; there are more reported illness associated with the consumption of food than all other environmental factors combined. The handling and storage of food are potentially dangerous and demanding chores for those who may have the sensory losses associated with advancing age, fragile health, and limited resources.

Group-administered questionnaires on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handling were given to 276 seniors, aged 55 to 90, from ten mobile home parks randomly selected from San Bernardino and Riverside counties. As an indicator of possible foodborne illness, the questionnaire asked …

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Life Stress And Coping Processes, Deborah Desalliers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The findings of recent investigations earmarked chronic daily stressors as being highly related to stress levels. In addition, researchers are promoting a more integrative model of stress. The stress response is no longer thought of in strictly linear terms, i.e. an event causes stress. Rather, cognitive factors, existing within the human mind itself, strongly influence our coping processes and the chronic stress we experience.

Canonical correlation analysis was used to study how dysfunctional attitudes, a negative cognitive factor, were related to individuals' daily hassles and coping processes. An increase in dysfunctional attitudes was found to correspond to an increase in …

Assessment Of Maternal Substance Abuse And Neonatal Exposure, Carol Jean Dauenhauer Giese

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infants born to adolescent and young adult mothers who abuse substances, are at high risk for chemical dependency and its sequelae. There is a need to identify such infants and their mothers so that intervention will be available to them. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic approach to evaluate mothers and infants for potential drug use and improve the quality of the nurses decisions.

This research project involves two sub-projects. In Part A, a Substance Abuse Assessment Tool (SAAT) was developed. The hospital nurses used the SAAT March 1, 1990, through April 12, 1990. The incidence …

Misfit Between Motivational Style And Type Of Job Demand As A Factor In Developing Occupational Stress, Arlene Gray Blix

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Occupational stress is costly in terms of human suffering and impaired organizational effectiveness. Occupational stress involves the interface between the individual worker and the work environment. The purpose of the study was to analyze the fit between motivational style and the type of job demands as a contributing factor in developing occupational stress symptoms. A literature review of occupational stress models was conducted. The six models compared and contrasted included the Person-Environment fit model (French, Rodgers, & Cobb, 1974), Integrative Transactional Model (Schuler, 1982), Organizational Stress Models (Ivancevich & Matteson, 1987; Parker & DeCotiis, 1983), Facet Analysis Model (Beehr & …

Religious Commitment As A Predictor Of Health Behavior And Health Status In A Selected Population, Donald George King

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Religious beliefs and behaviors are multidimensional and they profoundly determine the ways we respond to health and illness, suffering and death. Researchers have designed numerous scales to measure different dimensions of religious commitment, beliefs and behaviors. A thorough review of the literature has shown general relationships between religion and health, but no researcher has developed an instrument measuring dimensions of religious commitment specifically relevant to health behaviors.

In this study, scale items were developed to measure three dimensions of religious beliefs thought by Kenneth Vaux (1976) to be related to health behavior--purity of life, peace in existence, and belief in …

Process Of Health Care Decision Making Among Khmer Immigrants, Barbara Frye

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This qualitative study examined the congruence between health beliefs and behavior as reported by 30 Cambodian (Khmer) refugee women in Southern California. Utilizing in-home interviewing in the Khmer language, data was gathered on 226 illness episodes occurring among 157 family members over an eight-month span. Informants reported a strong maternal role in health care decision making with all ages of children. Adult decision making demonstrated an individualistic pattern. Causes of illness were attributed primarily to humeral imbalances and illness avoidance behavior reflected these beliefs. Treatment was a blend of scientific and traditional medicine. Health care was accessed in settings of …

Anthropometric Parameters In Public School Students And Seventh-Day Adventist Vegetarian And Meat-Eating Students, Joan Sabaté-Casellas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Concerns have been expressed for the ability of some vegetarian diets to support normal growth of children. Animal protein or meat intake showed a positive relationship to attained height in children from developing countries. In this study, the relationship between meat intake/vegetarian status and physical growth was investigated in children living in California.

Height and weight were collected on 2,272 Caucasian children aged 6-18 years attending Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) or public schools who participated in a two year longitudinal study. Age-, sex-, and school-specific mean heights and weights were at or above the national reference values. Sex-specific, age-adjusted regression analysis …

The Development And Application Of A Multiple Regression Equation That Predicts The Sum Of Triceps And Subscapular Skinfolds In Children Ages 10-18, Pamela Luna-Raffy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to predict the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds in children ages 10-18. In addition, school-based weight management programs were reviewed.

Skinfold calipers are often used to assess body fat percentage, particularly in non-clinical settings, test sites recommended by researchers are the triceps and The subscapular skinfolds. Recently, however, educators have reported two concerns about using skinfold calipers in the schools: (1) Specialized training and equipment are required, and (2) individuals must remove their clothing from selected test sites.

For schools where the use of calipers present problems, it seemed …

Evaluating The Effect Of Family Stroke Education On The Anxiety Levels Of Families Of Stroke Patients, Keri Lynne Kuniyoshi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Early Identification Of Risk For Noncompliance In Tuberculosis Patients, Penny Klein Weismuller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this descriptive study of early identification of risk for noncompliance to tuberculosis treatment or prevention regimens, 523 patients, from four ethnic groups, were rated by nurses trained as participant-observers of several predictive factors. The predictive factors included acceptance of diagnosis. attentiveness, eye contact, the treatment's interference with the patient's lifestyle, fear of side effects, fear of needed medical procedures, and the presence and degree of the patient's social support. An observational measure by the nurse of the patient's Health Locus of Control was also included. The patient was asked to provide a self-rating on the degree of difficulty anticipated …

Correlates Of Birth Weight And Gestation Age : Baseline Data For Health Education, Adanetch Kidanemariam

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose. The study examined the correlation of maternal occupation, urinary tract infection, smoking, and working during pregnancy with infant birth weight and gestational age in order to generate baseline data for development of a health education intervention program protocol for pregnant women In the work place.

Primary Hypotheses. (1) The four maternal risk factors: (a) occupation during lifetime, (b) reported urinary tract infection, (c) cigarette smoking, (d) working, are individually and interactively correlated with infant birth weight and gestational age. (2) The effects of the interactive associations are greater on birth weight than gestational age.

Procedure. A sample of …

The Effects Of An Intervention Program On Nursing Burnout, Maria Rosa-Morales

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The risk for professional burnout has become commonly recognized and in the past several years has been a focus of research efforts. Nursing is one of the professions generating a high level of stress which results in burnout.

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of an intervention program for nurses who felt they were experiencing burnout. Nursing burnout was defined as a chronic condition of stress among nurses, which leads to a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. The design used was a true experiment. Fifty-two nurses served as voluntary participants who …

Evaluation Of Stress Management Program Participant Outcomes, Kanya Boondharm Sitanggang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study, conducted by a Health Maintenance Organization in Southern California, evaluated the impact of a stress management program in reducing stress/anxiety, stressors/hassles, and perception of stressors. Impact of the program in reducing negative coping mechanisms and increasing positive coping mechanisms as well as the retention of stress management training over a three month follow-up period was examined.

A quasi-experimental -- non-equivalent control group design was used. The experimental group consisted of 54 clients who registered for stress management classes. The control group consisted of 105 matched subjects selected from a larger group of 212. All subjects were tested prior …

Psychosocial And Behavioral Characteristics Of Ischemic Heart Disease Patients: Their Measurement And Relationship To Adherence In An Intensive Nutrition Education Program, Lynn Caldwell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nonadherence to therapeutic regimens which necessitate major lifestyle change is recognized as one of the most serious problems in medical practice today. Attempts to prevent and control chronic disease, including the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, are only effective when recommendations to the patient are carried out. Few studies have systematically studied the relationship of psychosocial and behavioral factors to adherence outside the theoretical framework of a specific behavioral model; no study has done so with a carefully measured diet as the outcome variable in a controlled prospective clinical trial with patients suffering from cardiovascular disease.

This study, as …

Smoking Behavior Among Alabama Student Nurses : The Role Of Behavioral Beliefs And Normative Referencing, Judith Rausch

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of smoking behavior for the senior student nurses in the state of Alabama using Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action. Smoking prevalence by level of educational preparation and selected health behaviors were examined for relationship to cigarette use.

A sample of 11 schools of nursing were selected from Alabama's 34, using a random numbers table. There were 13 total programs as two of the schools had both A.D. and B.S. nursing programs. Thirty-two percent (N=555) of senior A.D., B.S. & diploma students nurses in Alabama responded to an 87 item …

Facilitation Of C.O.P.D. Patient Compliance In Self-Administration Of Medical Modalities Through In-Hospital Specialized Education Program, Elizabeth Maddox

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

The Effect Of Programmed Instruction About Pacemakers Given In The Hospital Setting On The Immediate And Delayed Retention Of Information On Patients With Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers, Ann Ekroth, Eileen Zorn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A convenience sample of nineteen patients composing group A, hospitalized for initial placement of permanent cardiac pacemakers, was studied. A programmed instructional test was prepared by the investiga- tors for this population. The question under study was, does programmed instruction for pacemaker patients affect immediate and delayed recall of information? Patients were pre-tested, presented with the programmed instruction package and given a post-test immediately upon completion of the package. They were retested later to evaluate retention level. An IQ test was administered at the same time as the pre-test. Statistical analysis using t-tests indicated significant differences between pre-test scores and …

Evaluation Of A Special Teaching Program With Ambulatory Cardiac Patients, Mary L. Mcgregor Minns

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to test the hypotheses that ambulatory cardiac patients given a special teaching program would have increased understanding about their medication, make fewer medication errors, and know more about undesirable effects and how to handle them than patients not included in the special teaching program. Forty-one ambulatory cardiac patients were, after a random start, alternately assigned to an experimental or to a control group. All the patients were taking one or more of three different medications before hospitalization, during their hospital stay, and after their discharge. Three medications, digoxin (lanoxin), lasix, and nitroglycerin, were studied. The program …

A Descriptive Study Of Women's Attitudes Towards Obtaining Or Not Obtaining Papanicolaou Smears, Linda J. Shults

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

It was the purpose of this study to identify the attitudes of a selected group of women which influenced their participation in Papanicolaou testing. These attitudes were inferred from the reasons women gave for obtaining the test. The subjects were randomly selected from the telephone book of a medium-sized town in Southern California. The 135 women who participated in the telephone interview were considered to be the respondents in the study.

A review of the literature revealed that through the annual use of the Papanicolaou smear, approximately 11,000 deaths every year from uterine and cervical cancer could be prevented, Attitudes …

The Development And Evaluation Of A Manual For Use In Community Nutrition Education Classes, Helen H. Register

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A manual was prepared and evaluated for use by non-professional personnel in community nutrition education. Instruction and suggestions were given for organizing these classes and techniques outlined for food demonstrations. Material was written for lectures and tests on eight nutrition topics, with visual aid suggestions, recipes and "chatter" to accompany the recipes.

The material was tested by presenting three of the eight topics before audiences. Volunteer non-professional teacher-demonstrators gave the presentations which were evaluated by test scores from the audiences, by score forms from each teacher-demonstrator, and by evaluation sheets from the advisory committee.

On the basis of the evaluation, …

A Survey Of Patient-Centered Health Teaching Programs In A Selected Group Of Medical Institutions, Marian Davenport Hamilton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to find out what patient-centered health teaching programs are currently being carried on in medical institutions belong to the Association of Seventh-day Adventist Self-Supporting Institutions. This organization is composed of representatives of the General Conference of the church and representatives of various private enterprises. Objectives of medical institutions belonging to this organization include care of the sick, and the improvement of patents' health through education of the patient.

A descriptive survey included all A. S. I. medical institutions licensed for overnight care of patients. These institutions were located in 29 states. The survey was …

An Evaluation Of Patient Health Teaching In A Selected Hospital, Grescilda Ruth Morris

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Statement of the problem: The purpose of this study was to find out to what extent the responsibility of health teaching is being met by the health team in the medical and surgical departments of a selected hospital.

Method and procedure used in securing the data: The data for this study were collected by the questionnaire technique. One hundred questionnaires were used in the study. This study was conducted during a five weeks' period using medical and surgical patients who were physically and mentally competent to answer the questionnaire and who were hospitalized from four to fifteen days.

Summary of …