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Articles 781 - 810 of 829

Full-Text Articles in Public Health Education and Promotion

Critical Analysis Of Interventions Against Fgc In Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sahar Hegazi Jan 2000

Critical Analysis Of Interventions Against Fgc In Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

Community-based programs designed to discourage the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) in Egypt started as early as the 1920s, however, NGOs seldom document the implementation, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach; or difficulties faced in implementation or ways of overcoming those difficulties. The present meta-assessment was designed by the Population Council to address these issues. Recommendations proposed to increase the effectiveness of anti-FGC interventions in Egypt include: conducting formative research to assess the needs of individuals/communities; using more participatory learning techniques in awareness-raising seminars and training workshops; focusing messages not only on the health hazards of FGC, but also …

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Women Street Vendors: The Road To Recognition, Monique Cohen Jan 2000

Women Street Vendors: The Road To Recognition, Monique Cohen

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of SEEDS explores the experience of women working and organizing as urban street vendors at a time when both the volume of demand and the number of vendors are expected to grow. As municipalities seek to change laws that affect how street vendors ply their trade, it is clear that vendors must have a seat at the table. Local-level organizational efforts need to be consolidated at the national level to cement vendors’ hard-earned gains as rights in national laws and policy. A 1995 meeting in Bellagio conceived an international alliance of street vendors—StreetNet—which aims to promote the exchange …

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An Assessment Of The Community Based Distribution Programs In Ghana, Jane Chege, Diouratie Sanogo, Ian Askew, Angela Bannerman, Steve Grey, Evam Kofi Glover, Francis Yankey, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh Jan 2000

An Assessment Of The Community Based Distribution Programs In Ghana, Jane Chege, Diouratie Sanogo, Ian Askew, Angela Bannerman, Steve Grey, Evam Kofi Glover, Francis Yankey, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh

Reproductive Health

This study was carried out to describe the major NGO community-based distribution (CBD) programs in Ghana, and to assess in some detail the functioning, quality of care, and performance of the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana (PPAG) program. The study showed that national coverage by the NGO programs is extensive—virtually all the 110 districts in the 10 regions have at least one program. However, coverage within districts is sparse, as each program covers only a few communities. The results have been communicated to the NGOs whose programs were included in the study and PPAG has already identified a number of …

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Literature Review: Challenging Hiv-Related Stigma And Discrimination In Southeast Asia: Past Successes And Future Priorities, Joanna Busza Jan 1999

Literature Review: Challenging Hiv-Related Stigma And Discrimination In Southeast Asia: Past Successes And Future Priorities, Joanna Busza

HIV and AIDS

Pervasive stigma has surrounded HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the pandemic. In Southeast Asia, as elsewhere, it has been accompanied by discrimination, affecting transmission patterns and access to care and support. This paper describes the regional experience of stigma and discrimination and offers a review of community-based interventions that have attempted to reduce them. The evidence presented comes primarily from unpublished literature and anecdotal evidence gained through interviews with project staff throughout the region.

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The Female Condom In Zimbabwe: The Interplay Of Research, Advocacy, And Government Action, Population Council Jan 1999

The Female Condom In Zimbabwe: The Interplay Of Research, Advocacy, And Government Action, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

During the past decade, a significant increase in reported cases of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe prompted the government, local organizations, and international donors to intensify prevention efforts. As part of this response, in November 1996 Zimbabwe’s National AIDS Coordinating Programme invited Population Services International to launch a social marketing program to promote the female condom, making this protective device widely available for the first time in Africa. After an acceptability study showed that Zimbabwean men and women liked using the female condom, leaders of these organizations encouraged public discussion and media attention, which helped pave the way to approval and introduction …

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Effectiveness Of The "Baby Think It Over" Program On Adolescents' Contraceptive And Child-Rearing Attitudes, Stephanie Ann Johnson Jan 1999

Effectiveness Of The "Baby Think It Over" Program On Adolescents' Contraceptive And Child-Rearing Attitudes, Stephanie Ann Johnson

Masters Theses

An increasing number of high schools in the United States have begun to use the "Baby Think It Over" doll as part of their curriculum in certain classes. This study examined the effectiveness of this doll on influencing 46 male and female adolescents' attitudes and behaviors regarding pregnancy, sexual activity, and contraceptives. Five specific subscales were developed to measure the teens' contraceptive attitudes and behaviors before and after using the doll regarding their feelings about becoming pregnant, understanding/comprehension of the responsibilities of child-rearing, appreciation of the impact of child-bearing on their lives/future, and attitudes toward premarital sex. Also, a qualitative …

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Reproductive Tract Infections: A Set Of Factsheets, Population Council Jan 1999

Reproductive Tract Infections: A Set Of Factsheets, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are being increasingly recognized as a serious global health problem with impact on individual women and men, and their families and communities. RTIs can have severe consequences, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriage, and increased risk of HIV transmission. For effective prevention and management of RTIs, accurate information is necessary and should be widely available. In addition to a brief introduction to RTIs, this document contains 13 factsheets addressing medical and social issues on a variety of topics related to RTIs. The document, produced by the Population Council with support from the Ford Foundation, …

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Quality Of Care And Utilisation Of Mch And Fp Services At Kenyan Health Facilities, Lewis Ndhlovu Jan 1999

Quality Of Care And Utilisation Of Mch And Fp Services At Kenyan Health Facilities, Lewis Ndhlovu

Reproductive Health

Quality of services is playing an increasingly important role in many family planning (FP) programs. In 1995, a national Situation Analysis Study of 254 health facilities was conducted in Kenya to assess the status and quality of FP services in the country. An in-depth survey of a subsample of 28 health facilities was conducted the following year. From these facilities, 1,834 women were interviewed about their experiences with services at facilities when they sought antenatal, child health, and FP services. The goal of the survey was to examine the links between quality of care in FP services and contraceptive behavior. …

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The Tostan Story: Breakthrough In Senegal Ending Female Genital Cutting, Population Council Jan 1999

The Tostan Story: Breakthrough In Senegal Ending Female Genital Cutting, Population Council

Reproductive Health

In Senegal, elements of the Tostan education program were fundamental to the ending of the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) which has persisted for centuries, despite outside efforts to abolish such a dangerous and harmful operation. This paper is an attempt by those who lived through these events to share the experience with others. At a time when there has been little reduction in the numbers of women ending FGC in 28 African countries, when different programs and strategies have rarely succeeded in making an impact on the number of women still practicing FGC despite laws abolishing the tradition, …

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Indonesia: Analysis Of Conflicting Crisis-Related Research Results, Michelle Gardner, Lila Amaliah Jan 1999

Indonesia: Analysis Of Conflicting Crisis-Related Research Results, Michelle Gardner, Lila Amaliah

Reproductive Health

This report aims to explain the discrepancies in crisis-related research results in Indonesia, and to recommend methodologies to enhance future crisis-related monitoring and surveillance. The discussion aims to identify where the discrepancies are in the readily available data, and how these discrepancies can be explained. The report does not attempt to clarify the impact that the economic crisis is having on the health status of women and children in Indonesia. Recommendations are made to deal with the following findings: Aggregation of data may hide important crisis impacts; attribution of identified changes to the economic crisis may be misleading; differences in …

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Mexico: Informing Service Providers And Factory Workers About Emergency Contraception, Ricardo Vernon Jan 1999

Mexico: Informing Service Providers And Factory Workers About Emergency Contraception, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

The goal of this project was to inform physicians, pharmacists, and female factory workers about emergency contraception (EC) through mailings of booklets and posters. These materials were developed in a previous operations research project conducted by the Instituto Mexicano de Investigación de Familia y Población and supported by the Population Council INOPAL III project with funding from USAID. The study found that recipients generally liked the print materials and welcomed information about EC. Within three weeks of receiving the materials, many reported that they had taken immediate action to make EC available and/or to educate others about EC. This project …

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Mexico: Protecting Informed Consent, Elsa Santos, Silvia Elena Llaguno, Ricardo Vernon Jan 1999

Mexico: Protecting Informed Consent, Elsa Santos, Silvia Elena Llaguno, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

The objective of this three-month project in Mexico was to disseminate information among key audiences about: 1) the right of women to choose contraceptive methods in a free and informed manner; and 2) the laws and institutions available to help redress any violations of this right. Four publications on these topics, developed by a previous project funded by Population Council/INOPAL III, were reproduced and distributed to 2,750 people in the following target audiences: women of reproductive age; reproductive health service providers; national and state commissions of human rights, complaints offices in public hospitals, feminist and human rights organizations; and legal …

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Peru: Providers' Compliance With Quality Of Care Norms, Federico R. Leon Jan 1999

Peru: Providers' Compliance With Quality Of Care Norms, Federico R. Leon

Reproductive Health

Peru's Ministry of Health (MOH) introduced changes in its family planning service delivery strategy and set quality-of-care goals purported to ensure informed choice of methods and respect for the users’ reproductive intentions and rights. This study was designed to assess the extent to which providers comply with the guidelines in their daily routine. The study found that among the strongest elements of care are interpersonal relationships and free choice of methods. However, shortcomings were observed in screening for contraindications and information given to the client. The report includes a number of recommendations, including offering providers IEC materials, training, and supervision …

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The Tostan Story: Breakthrough In Senegal Ending Female Genital Cutting [Arabic], Population Council Jan 1999

The Tostan Story: Breakthrough In Senegal Ending Female Genital Cutting [Arabic], Population Council

Reproductive Health

In Senegal, elements of the Tostan education program were fundamental to the ending of the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) which has persisted for centuries, despite outside efforts to abolish such a dangerous and harmful operation. This paper is an attempt by those who lived through these events to share the experience with others. At a time when there has been little reduction in the numbers of women ending FGC in 28 African countries, when different programs and strategies have rarely succeeded in making an impact on the number of women still practicing FGC despite laws abolishing the tradition, …

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Educational Attainment, Non-English Language Usage, And Ability To Communicate In English In 30 Massachusetts Cities/Towns, Edward C. Besozzi, Carole C. Upshur Jun 1998

Educational Attainment, Non-English Language Usage, And Ability To Communicate In English In 30 Massachusetts Cities/Towns, Edward C. Besozzi, Carole C. Upshur

Gastón Institute Publications

Data regarding an individual's ability, or the ability of members of a household to speak English, primary language spoken at home, educational attainment, and the level of literacy proficiency should be taken into consideration when designing and implementing policies regarding health care initiatives and the publication of health care information. This report highlights data collected from three sources: 1) The National Adult Literacy Survey; 2) The 1990 Federal Census; and 3) The Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research.

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Youth Centres In Ghana: Assessment Of The Planned Parenthood Association Of Ghana Programme, Evam Kofi Glover, Annabel Erulkar, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh Jan 1998

Youth Centres In Ghana: Assessment Of The Planned Parenthood Association Of Ghana Programme, Evam Kofi Glover, Annabel Erulkar, Joana Nerquaye-Tetteh

Reproductive Health

The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents has become a major public concern, particularly with the advent of HIV/AIDS. Many organizations have tried to find strategies to reach youth with reproductive health (RH) information and services through various service delivery models. One such model has been the multipurpose youth center approach. Multipurpose youth centers typically include recreational or vocational services as entry points for RH and family planning (FP) information and services. There is some evidence in a variety of African settings (notably Kenya and Zimbabwe) suggesting that these centers are underutilized and not cost-effective. As a result, the Planned …

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An Assessment Of The Zimbabwe Family Planning Programme: Results From The 1996 Situation Analysis Study, Lewis Ndhlovu, Hazel M.B. Dube, Caroline S. Marangwanda Jan 1998

An Assessment Of The Zimbabwe Family Planning Programme: Results From The 1996 Situation Analysis Study, Lewis Ndhlovu, Hazel M.B. Dube, Caroline S. Marangwanda

Reproductive Health

Within the past ten years, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) has conducted two major studies for assessing the availability and quality of reproductive health services. The two studies, generally referred to as Situation Analysis studies, were conducted in 1991 and 1996. The 1996 survey collected data from 192 health facilities spread throughout Zimbabwe. During this exercise, an inventory of physical facilities, equipment, and educational materials was taken. In addition, 758 provider–client interactions of new and revisit clients were observed. Exit interviews were conducted with service providers, and with family planning and maternal and child health clients. In this …

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Needs And Risks Facing The Indonesian Youth Population, Desti Murdijana Jan 1998

Needs And Risks Facing The Indonesian Youth Population, Desti Murdijana

Reproductive Health

Youth are the leaders of tomorrow, but right now they face a formidable collection of problems that will determine the quality of their future lives and the lives of us all. Education, jobs, substance abuse, violence, sexuality, and marriage are examples of adolescent issues that demand special attention from researchers, youth activists and advocates, parents, and policymakers. In attempting to address these complex issues, we must be willing to confront ignorance, controversy, and cultural obstacles. Clear and focused policy and strategies must play a basic role in tackling these issues facing Indonesian adolescents. This paper provides a concise situation analysis …

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El Método Cope Para Mejorar El Cuidado De La Atención: La Experiencia De La Asociación Para La Planificación Familiar De Kenia, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia Jan 1998

El Método Cope Para Mejorar El Cuidado De La Atención: La Experiencia De La Asociación Para La Planificación Familiar De Kenia, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Esta es la primera de varias ediciones de Quality/Calidad/Qualité que describen métodos concebidos para ayudar tanto a los directores como al personal de los programas de planificación familiar a efectuar una evaluación propia de la calidad de los servicios que prestan. Estas herramientas dan a los patrocinadores de los programas la oportunidad de identificar las deficiencias en su entorno de servicio y proponer soluciones. El informe examina la experiencia de la Asociación Nacional de Planificación Familiar de Kenia, proporciona algunas lecciones aprendidas y demuestra que estos ejercicios de autoevaluación están, de hecho, dando como resultado una mejora de la calidad …

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Using Cope To Improve Quality Of Care: The Experience Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia Jan 1998

Using Cope To Improve Quality Of Care: The Experience Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This is the first of several editions of Quality/Calidad/Qualité that describe methodologies designed to assist family planning program managers and staff to self-assess the quality of services they are providing. These tools give program sponsors an opportunity to identify shortfalls in their service environment and propose solutions. This issue focuses on AVSC International's COPE (client-oriented, provider-efficient) methodology, a self-assessment tool that has now been used in 35 countries around the world. The report examines the experience of the National Family Planning Association of Kenya, provides some lessons learned, and demonstrates that these self-assessment exercises are, in fact, resulting in system-wide …

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Rapport Du Seminaire National [Au Mali] Pour La Definition D'Une Strategie D'Eradication De L'Excision, Population Council Jan 1998

Rapport Du Seminaire National [Au Mali] Pour La Definition D'Une Strategie D'Eradication De L'Excision, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This is a report on a workshop for the eradication of female genital mutilation (FGM) held in Bamako, Mali. The workshop presented the results of a literature review on FGM and the actions taken to counter the practice in Mali; provided updates on the activities of six national NGOs working on issues surrounding FGM; and developed a Plan of Action for activities aimed at reducing the practice. The workshop brought together 85 participants, including policy- and decisionmakers from the government, NGOs, and religious groups. The workshop led to the finalization of a national Plan of Action to the Year 2000 …

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Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan Jan 1998

Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, collaboration between the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia, National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), UNFPA Jakarta, and the Population Council resulted in production and distribution of two prototype modules as basic materials on reproductive health for families with school-age children and adolescents. An updated version for both parents and adolescents was published by BKKBN. The Population Council believed that international versions (in English) would be of value, as the gaps in information are similar worldwide with respect to topics covered by these modules. Youth are constantly thirsty for knowledge pertaining to their health, particularly their reproductive …

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Attitudes Toward Sexuality And Sexual Behaviors Of Asian-American Adolescents: Implications For Risk Of Hiv Infection, Connie S. Chan Sep 1997

Attitudes Toward Sexuality And Sexual Behaviors Of Asian-American Adolescents: Implications For Risk Of Hiv Infection, Connie S. Chan

Institute for Asian American Studies Publications

Until 1990, Asian Americans represented an ethnic minority group that was perceived to be at lower risk than African Americans or Hispanics/Latinos for HIV infection, the presumed causal agent for AIDS. Reasons cited for this perception include behavioral differences in intravenous drug use, sexual behavioral habits, and underidentification of AIDS cases. However, in urban areas such as San Francisco, Toronto, New York, Boston, Los Angeles, and Seattle, where Asians have immigrated and settled in large numbers, cases of HIV infection and AIDS have begun to increase dramatically, perhaps reflecting the rise in the number of AIDS cases in Asia. In …

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Integrando La Sexualidad En La Planificación Familiar: La Experiencia De Tres Proyectos De Vih/Ets En América Latina Y El Caribe, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla Jan 1997

Integrando La Sexualidad En La Planificación Familiar: La Experiencia De Tres Proyectos De Vih/Ets En América Latina Y El Caribe, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Esta edición de Quality/Calidad/Qualité relata la experiencia de tres asociaciones de planificación familiar afiliadas con la International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region que han tratado de incorporar una estrategia de prevención del VIH/SIDA en su esquema de trabajo cotidiano. Se examina cómo BEMFAM/Brasil, ASHONPLAFA/Honduras, y FAMPLAN/Jamaica han logrado una transición hacia una oferta de servicios de planificación familiar más enfocada en los clientes mismos y más explícita en el tratamiento de temas sexuales. En cada uno de los tres países, el personal recibió capacitación especial que no sólo los habilitó para proveer información sobre el VIH/SIDA, sino que también les …

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Introducing Sexuality Within Family Planning: The Experience Of Three Hiv/Std Prevention Projects From Latin America And The Caribbean, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla Jan 1997

Introducing Sexuality Within Family Planning: The Experience Of Three Hiv/Std Prevention Projects From Latin America And The Caribbean, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité relates the experience of three family planning associations affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region that have tried to incorporate an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy into their existing family planning programs and services. It examines how BEMFAM/Brazil, ASHONPLAFA/ Honduras, and FAMPLAN/Jamaica have made a transition toward a range of family planning services more focused on the clients themselves and more explicit in the treatment of sexual themes. In each of the three countries, the staff received special training that not only enabled them to provide information on HIV/AIDS, but also helped them adopt a broader …

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Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch Jan 1997

Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch

Reproductive Health

Since 1987, the Family Planning Association of Kenya (FPAK) has operated two youth centers, one in Nairobi and the other in Mombasa. The centers target unmarried youth aged 10–24 and their primary objective is reduction in incidence of sexual and reproductive-health-related problems. These centers offer recreational and sports facilities, counseling services, including reproductive health (RH) information, limited RH services, and referrals. In 1996, FPAK undertook a systematic evaluation of its youth-center program including a situation analysis of the centers, a survey in their catchment areas, and an analysis of program costs. The main strength of the program was found to …

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Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council Jan 1996

Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This clinic-based study of female genital mutilation (FGM) was designed and carried out by the Egypt Fertility Care Society to gather detailed information on the types of FGM practiced in Egypt. The study involved interviews with clinic clients to elicit information about their experience and attitudes concerning FGM, and gynecological examinations by specially trained OB/GYN physicians. In all, 93% of the women in this study were found to have some type of FGM. The study's findings were incorporated in the final report of the 1995 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey, with the aim of contributing to the scientific understanding of …

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Rapid Appraisal Of Ipp-Vi Training Of Anms In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Saumya Ramarao, R.B. Gupta, Sulbha Swaroop, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anoop K. Saxena, Anil Mishra Jan 1996

Rapid Appraisal Of Ipp-Vi Training Of Anms In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Saumya Ramarao, R.B. Gupta, Sulbha Swaroop, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anoop K. Saxena, Anil Mishra

Reproductive Health

This report provides findings of a rapid appraisal of the Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) training program in Uttar Pradesh, India. The appraisal was undertaken by the Population Council and State Innovations in Family Planning Agency (SIFPSA). As SIFPSA is in the process of planning a training program to strengthen the technical skills and competence of ANMs and update their contraceptive knowledge, it was felt that a rapid appraisal of the training program would help in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of previous training efforts. The ANM training initiatives of SIFPSA would then build upon the experiences gained from earlier training …

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Gente Joven: Un Diálogo Sobre La Sexualidad Con Adolescentes Mexicanos, Magaly Marques, John M. Paxman, Judith Bruce Jan 1996

Gente Joven: Un Diálogo Sobre La Sexualidad Con Adolescentes Mexicanos, Magaly Marques, John M. Paxman, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este número de Quality/Calidad/Qualité relata la experiencia de Gente Joven, un programa de educacion sexual para adolescentes en Mexico. Gente Joven comenzó reconociendo una realidad: que los problemas relativos a la sexualidad no desaparecen por mucho que tratemos de negar su existencia. A través de los años los dirigentes de Gente Joven han aprendido, y siguen aprendiendo, muchas lecciones sobre como diseñar un programa eficaz para adolescentes. En estas páginas ellos comparten algunas de esas experiencias y el epilogo explora con mayor detalle un tema que Gente Joven ha identificado como su próximo gran desafío: una reconsideración del programa desde …

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El Coletivo: Un Colectivo Feminista De Salud Y Sexualidad Femenina En Brasil, Margarita Diaz, Debbie Rogow, Jose Barzelatto Jan 1995

El Coletivo: Un Colectivo Feminista De Salud Y Sexualidad Femenina En Brasil, Margarita Diaz, Debbie Rogow, Jose Barzelatto

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este ejemplar de Quality/Calidad/Qualité narra la historia de un grupo de mujeres brasileñas que se formó en 1981 con el convencimiento compartido—no tan extendido entonces como ahora—de que los enfoques convencionales sobre la salud de la mujer y los servicios de planificación familiar estaban dominados por una perspectiva médica incapaz de dar cuenta de la relación entre sexualidad y anticoncepción, y que además restaba poder de las usuarias. Fundaron el Coletivo, que maneja una clínica, un instituto de capacitación, y un programa de educación pública que ha “dado voz” a miles de mujeres, ha proporcionado un liderazgo al gobierno brasileño …

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