Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

Impact Of Community Factors On The Donor Quality Score In Liver Transplantation, Giovanna Saracino

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity has been linked to the rise in transplant indication for cryptogenic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), creating a growing challenge to public health. NAFLD liver transplant (LT) candidates are listed with low priority, and their waiting mortality is high. The impact of community/geographic factors on donor risk models is unknown. The purpose of this study was to develop a parsimonious donor risk-adjusted model tailored to NAFLD recipients by assessing the impact of donor, recipient, transplant, and external factors on graft survival. The theoretical framework was the social ecological model. Secondary …

Factors Affecting Breastfeeding In Preterm Infants, Evangeline Starks Glover

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Even though initiation of breastfeeding among term and preterm infants has increased, the incidence and duration among preterm infants continues to lag because of the unique challenges of breastfeeding preterm infants. African American mothers have the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration, and their preterm infants are less likely to receive breast milk while in the neonatal intensive care unit. The objective of this cross-€sectional quantitative study was to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal sociodemographic factors as well as medical and obstetrical conditions for infants born between 32-€37 weeks gestational age in South Carolina from 2009 to …

Health Awareness On High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, And Risk For Cardiovascular Disease, Innocent Bibi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 25% of the annual deaths in the United States and represents a major public health burden, as patients often require screening and lifestyle changes related to multiple risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if there was a statistically significant association between high blood pressure and high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcomes (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack). The theoretical framework that guided this study was the health belief model. Data from adults over the …

Efficacy Of A Minnesota Statute Enacted To Reduce Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injuries, Jonathan K. James

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This quantitative research is on the efficacy of Minnesota Statute 144.574 enacted in 2005 in response to the growing awareness of behavior leading to inflicted Traumatic Brain Injuries (iTBI) in infants and children. The model for this research is grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action wherein the education of new parents which graphically explains the physiologic changes to the structural architecture of the brain post-trauma, paired with their signature on a social contract (SC), demonstrated a reduction in incidence. Because the enacted statute does not include the signing of a SC, nor does it require face-to-face education as in …

Beliefs And Opinions Of Low-Income Residents Living In A Food Desert In A Gulf Coast State, Kimberly Lakeidra Willis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study was an investigation of the access problem to fresh and affordable fruits and vegetables and how limited access influenced the beliefs and opinions of residents of a food desert as designated by United States Department of Agriculture. Many researchers have documented that price, availability, and transportation are barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among low-income individuals. Researchers in other studies have concluded that these barriers are further exacerbated by an individual's distance from a supermarket or grocery store. However, much less information is available regarding the beliefs and opinions about life in a food desert and how …

The Effectiveness Of Two Types Of Adjunct Acupuncture Exposures On In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes, Lindsey Vacovsky

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

One out of every 8 couples experiences infertility. Few publications exist examining the association between the addition of adjunctive therapies when applied to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure and pregnancy outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 types of adjunct acupuncture exposures on IVF outcomes by applying the concept of the epidemiology triad. The association between the type of adjunct acupuncture exposure received (the independent variable) and pregnancy (the outcome) was determined via binary logistic regression using SPSS software. Medical records of women having received the IVF procedure along with adjunct acupuncture were …

Accessibility Of Innovative Services In Radiation Oncology, Patricia Sansourekidou

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The field of radiation oncology (RO) involves the use of highly advanced techniques to treat cancer and safely spare healthy organs. The discipline has experienced rapid growth in the past 25 years, with technological advancement as the driving force. Available data and an instrument to effectively measure the accessibility of innovation in the field were lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accessibility of innovative services in RO in the United States and assess possible diffusion patterns. Two hundred and forty medical physicists practicing in RO in the United States completed a custom Internet-based survey. The diffusion …

Factors Associated With Prostate Cancer Screening Intentions Among Adult Men In Nigeria, Ifeanyi N. Malu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Timely detection of prostate cancer (PCA) with prostate-specific antigens (PSA) and digital rectal examinations (DRE) are essential in optimizing incidence, minimizing prevalence, and reducing mortality rates. Given the low levels of participation in cancer screening, this study was conducted to examine the factors men consider when deciding whether to screen for PCA in Nigeria. A cross-sectional, online-based survey of 180 consenting Nigerian men 50 years old and older was carried out. Logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Based on the data, there was a moderate positive association between the health belief model constructs and …

Impact Of Socioeconomic Status And Health-Seeking Behavior On Malaria In Pregnancy, Ifeanyi Livinus Udenweze

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health challenge in Nigeria despite the fund appropriation for malaria control. The health challenges of malaria in pregnancy vary with populations and there is limited knowledge on the impact of the socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior on malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria. The objective of this cross-sectional quantitative survey was to examine whether socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior predict malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria using the social cognitive theoretical model. The data from a 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey was used in this study. Data were analyzed using chi-square, binary, and multivariate logistics regression …

Trends In Prevalence And Predictors Of Undernutrition Among Children In South Central, Monica Kabahimba Zikusooka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Undernutrition is a global public health challenge. In Somalia, undernutrition is chronic with the situation often graded for emergency response. The purpose of this study was to provide contextual evidence regarding trends of prevalence and predictors of undernutrition in South Central Somalia. Following the UNICEF conceptual framework of determinants of undernutrition, the study examined which individual, household, and society factors were associated with undernutrition. Using secondary data from cross-sectional nutritional surveys implemented by the Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit from 2007 to 2012, a sample of 75,756 and 60,856 children aged 6-59 months was used in analyzing trends …

Adherence To Art Among Hiv Infected Female Sex Workers In Nigeria, Abass Babatunde Yusuf

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the risk of onward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and mortality. The purpose of this cross-sectional study based on Andersen's conceptual framework was to test the associations between age, marital status, job/occupational status, education, membership in a peer support group, community, and facility ARV drug refill and alcohol and substance use, and adherence to ART among female sex workers (FSWs) who are 15 years and older in Rivers and Cross Rivers states Nigeria. Data were abstracted from existing program data collected between January 2015 and December 2017 by Heartland Alliance International, …

Examining Relationships Between Sexual Education And Behaviors Among Virginia College Students, Dyani Meggett-Sowell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The college student population has a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI)s due to their participation in higher risk sexual behaviors such as serial relationships, drug and alcohol use and abuse, and inconsistent use of condoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student exposure of sexual education and their sexual behaviors among college going students in Virginia. Guided by the health belief model, this quantitative cross-sectional study involved a random selection process to recruit college students to test the hypothesis. The research questions were designed to examine participants' exposure to sexual education, sexual behaviors, …

Smoking And Surgical Site Infection In Orthopedic Patients' Lower Extremity Arthroplasty, Alicia Y. Mingo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cigarette smoking has been a public health concern for many years, and the possible impact of smoking on surgical site infection (SSI) has been studied broadly. However, a gap in understanding has persisted concerning whether there is an association between smoking tobacco and the development of SSI among patients who undergo lower extremity surgery, specifically total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking and lower extremity SSI. Andersen's behavioral model (BM) was used to understand the risk factors relevant to the interaction between smoking and SSI. Application of the BM categories of …

Connecticut Primary Care Physicians And Chronic Lyme Disease, Yvette P. Ghannam

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of chronic Lyme disease (CLD) remains relatively unknown in Connecticut because there is not an agreement on what CLD is and how it should be diagnosed in addition to which pathological agent causes CLD. The aim of this quantitative study was to assess whether there were significant differences between two groups of primary care physicians (PCP) working in Connecticut from two different points in time regarding their knowledge in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of CLD. A knowledge, attitude, and practice model was used as the underlying theoretical framework for this study. A random cross-sectional survey was mailed …

Evaluation By Geospatial And Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Tularemia Cases In Arkansas, Toni Kathleen Beavers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tularemia is a vector-borne disease of global concern with diverse regional foci. Arkansas is an endemic state with differences in case distribution and land suitability supporting host and vector sustainment. The aim of this study was to conduct a geospatial and spatiotemporal assessment of factors associated with case distribution and timeliness and completeness of public reporting. Guided with direction from spatial epidemiology and nidality, referring to the association of ecology, climate, and proximity of disease, analysis included secondary data collected from the Arkansas Department of Health between 1995 and 2018. Using Poisson-based software, 2 clusters were found: a high-risk cluster …

The Impacts Of Race, Residence, And Prenatal Care On Infant Mortality, Mary Christine Dorley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tennessee ranks high for infant mortality (IM) in the United States. Despite public health efforts, the IM rate for Blacks is twice that of Whites mimicking what is observed nationally. Several risk factors for IM have been identified; however, it was still unclear how places of residence and prenatal care (PNC) affect IM for Tennesseans. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between places of residence (conceptualized by rurality and racial concentration), PNC, and IM among racial groups across Tennessee and to determine if race modified these associations. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the …

Factors Associated With Maternal Mortality In Greater Accra Ghana 2016: Case-Control Study, Edmund Sekyi Eghan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Maternal mortality is a critical area of concern globally, despite the availability of accessible preventive measures. The role of sociodemographic and service delivery factors in maternal mortality in the Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana are important to examine. As part of the United Nations (UN) Millennium Campaign, the UN implemented 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); maternal mortality reduction by 75% between 1990 and 2015 was among the fundamental MDGs to be achieved by 2015. The purpose of this case-control study was to use secondary data to assess the relationships between sociodemographic variables, service delivery factors, and maternal mortality among 8,171 …

Predictors Of Rapid Repeat Pregnancy In Zimbabwe, Thenjiwe Sisimayi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes and a range of undesirable social and economic challenges for the mother, her baby, and society. Although the consequences of RRP are well known, Zimbabwe—a country with some of the poorest maternal health indicators—has not investigated or made efforts to directly address this problem. This is confirmed by the lack of targeted programs to curb RRP, the unavailability of documented evidence regarding RRP significant risk factors, and the lack of understanding of the extent of RRP in the country. Using social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, an …

Social And Structural Barriers To Safer Sex Among Heterosexual Female Sex Workers, Erika Nikole Harding-Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals infected with HIV through heterosexual contact made up 24% (9,578) of all new infections in the United States. Female sex workers are at increased risk of getting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) because they may be more likely to participate in risky sexual behaviors including sex with multiple partners and condom-less anal/vaginal sex. Guided by the syndemic theory, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between social and structural factors (homelessness, substance use, immigration status, and use of healthcare) and risky sexual behaviors (condom-less vaginal sex and multiple sex partners) among female sex workers …

Parents' And Health Professionals' Perceptions Of Asthma Medication Noncompliance Among Puerto Rican Children, Luz E. Nieves

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Children of Hispanic origin have the highest prevalence of asthma of all ethnic groups in the United States, especially Puerto Rican children, who have a prevalence of 12.9%. Treatment nonadherence has been identified as one contributing factor. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the reasons for nonadherence to the asthma treatment regimen among Puerto Rican children. Parents and health care providers of asthmatic children were interviewed regarding their beliefs about asthma as a disease, its effect on the child's life, and their experience with asthma treatment. Two models served as the theoretical framework: the health belief model …

The Influence Of Food Choices, Eating Habits, And Body Image Of African American Mothers On Childhood Obesity, Debrua Perniece Coleman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The food decisions, dietary patterns, physical activity, and weight-related convictions of African American mothers are affected by their self-perceptions and views of body weight. The gap in the literature regarding the impact of these perceptions on children's food choices, eating habits, and body image is significant. Using the health belief model as the theoretical foundation and a cross-sectional survey as the research design, this study assessed the potential relationship between mothers' and children's eating habits and whether mothers' perceptions of their children's body image were reliable indicators of childhood obesity. Eighty-six mothers provided demographic information and completed the Child Feeding …

Living Arrangements, Referral Source And Young Adult Admissions To Drug Treatment, Daniel Samaila

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abuse of painkiller drugs and non-medical use of drugs among young adults continues to be a public health crisis in the United States. Living arrangements and source of treatment referral were considered as the social context that could contribute to increased admissions to treatment for drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between, independent living arrangement, the principal source of referral, and abuse of opioid, heroin, and cocaine. Steered by the conceptual framework of the biopsychosocial model, this study used the data from the 2015 Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions managed by the Substance Abuse …

Oral Health Literacy And Oral Hygiene Habits In A Kentucky Appalachian Community, Katie D. Schill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study sought to identify the level of oral health literacy held by people who live in transitional and distressed Kentucky Appalachian areas and if this effects how often they are using oral hygiene techniques. Data were also collected to describe the attitudes Kentucky Appalachian adults hold toward oral hygiene and oral health status. Current documentation shows that poor oral health remains a public health threat in this population despite efforts such as school-based sealant programs and increased dental insurance coverage. This study followed a quantitative design and 99 participants were polled using a survey specifically developed for this study's …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kesuksesan Kesembuhan Dari Pengobatan Regimen Pendek (Short Treatment Regiment) Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Resistensi Obat Di Indonesia Tahun 2017, Rina Agustina, Rizka Maulida, Yovsyah Yovsyah

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

TB RO menyebabkan beban pengendalian penyakit TB menjadi bertambah. Adanya penurunan angka keberhasilan pengobatan dari tahun 2010 sebesar 67,9% menjadi 51,1% di tahun 2013 dan peningkatan kasus pasien putus berobat mendorong Indonesia menerapkan pengobatan jangka pendek untuk meningkatkan angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RO dan menurunkan kasus pasien putus berobat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat status kesuksesan kesembuhan dari pengobatan TB RO dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status kesuksesan kesembuhan dari pengobatan regimen pendek di Indonesia tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan data pasien TB RO yang tercatat dalam e-TB manager dari pasien-pasien berusia e” 15 tahun yang telah ada status hasil pengobatan …

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Dehidrasi Pada Petani Garam Di Kecamatan Kaliori, Kabupaten Rembang, Nur Fitriah, Henry Setyawan S, Mateus Sakundarno Adi, Ari Udiyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Dehidrasi merupakan salah satu tanda dari ketidakseimbangan cairan tubuh. Status hidrasi penduduk indonesia yaitu 49,2% penduduk tidak terhidrasi dengan baik. Salah satu kelompok yang berisiko tinggi terhadap dehidrasi adalah petani garam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko dehidrasi pada petani garam yaitu faktor pengetahuan, faktor aktivitas fisik, faktor asupan cairan, dan faktor alat pelindung diri terhadap kejadian dehidrasi. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 100 yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan, dan aktivitas fisik bukan merupakan faktor risiko dehidrasi pada petani garam. …

Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Infeksi Hiv Pada Pengguna Napza Suntik (Penasun) Dki Jakarta Tahun 2013–2014, Inggariwati Inggariwati, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Prevalensi HIV pada kelompok Penasun selalu menduduki peringkat tertinggi dibanding kelompok populasi kunci lainnya. Studi cross sec tional dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi HIV pada populasi Penasun DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari pelaksanaan Sero Survei HIV/Sifilis yang terintegrasi dengan Survei Cepat Perilaku di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2013 - 2014. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Penasun di DKI Jakarta, sampel 240, pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode RDS (Responden Driven Sampling). Model akhir analisis multivariate cox regression menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berkontribusi terhadap infeksi HIV di kalangan Penasun adalah sikap sharing jarum suntik PR 2,42 …

Association Between Knowledge Of Condom Functions And Condom Use Among Sexually-Active Unmarried Male Adolescents In Indonesia, Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani, Asri Adisasmita

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Background: Premarital sex is culturally unacceptable in Indonesia and education on safe sex practice remains controversial. Meanwhile, Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) show gradual increase in the prevalence of sexually-active adolescents nationwide, particularly among unmarried males. Unfortunately, condom use is low among this population and it is unclear whether it relates to inadequate knowledge on safe sex practice including condoms. Objective: to see whether there is an association between knowledge on condom functions and condom use among adolescents.Method: cross-sectional study of 913 Indonesian unmarried males aged 15 – 24 who have had sex (IDHS Adolescent Reproductive Health 2012 dataset). …

The Relationship Between Antenatal Care With Childbirth Complication In Indonesian’S Mothers (Data Analysis Of The Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey 2012), Krisnawati Bantas, Nurul Aryastuti, Dwi Gayatri

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Labor complications often lead to maternal death. A good antenatal care can reduce maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between antenatal care and labor complica tion among Indonesian’s mothers. Data of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 from 33 Provinces were used in this study. Samples consisted of 11.803 women aged 15-49 years who deliv ered baby at sometimes during the last 5 years before survey. A cross sectional design was used. Variables in the study consisted of dependent variable (labor complication), main independent variable (antenatal care) and potential confounder …

Syndemics Of Severity And Frequency Of Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study In Mexican Older Females, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Elder abuse is a common phenomenon with important effects on the health and well-being of older adults. There are important gaps in elder abuse measurement, as it is usually reported as the absence or presence of elder abuse, disregarding its severity and frequency.

Objectives: Identify different ways of measuring severity and frequency of elder abuse and assess whether different experiences of severity and frequency suggest syndemic relationships.

Methods: Through a sample of 534 non-institutionalized Mexican older women, we assessed how severity (i.e., number of abusive experiences and number of types of abuses) and frequency (i.e., if abusive experiences had …

Pizza And Hamburger Consumption To Overweight Among Adolescents In Jambi City, Ummi Kalsum, Sahridayanti Nainggolan, Nawi Ng

Kesmas

Junk food is unhealthy and poor in nutrient quality, and may result in weight gain, obesity, and coronary heart disease, if consumed regularly. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents is 5-10% higher in urban areas. Adolescents undergo lifestyle changes, including in food consumption behavior. This study aimed to determine relation between junk food consumption patterns and overweight in adolescents. This study was conducted based on a cross-sectional design. A total of 137 high school students in Jambi City were involved in this study. Patterns of junk food consumption were assessed using food frequency questionnaires that examined the eating habits of …