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Public Health Education and Promotion Commons™
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Articles 301 - 330 of 1682
Full-Text Articles in Public Health Education and Promotion
Abstract Book Of The 16th Indonesian Occupational Medicine Update (Iomu)
Abstract Book Of The 16th Indonesian Occupational Medicine Update (Iomu)
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia, 2nd March to 4th March 2024
Mckenzie Exercise For Reducing Low Back Pain Complaints In Office Worker: An Evidence-Based Case Report, Bonnie Medana Pahlavie, Dewi S. Soemarko, Indah Suci Widyahening
Mckenzie Exercise For Reducing Low Back Pain Complaints In Office Worker: An Evidence-Based Case Report, Bonnie Medana Pahlavie, Dewi S. Soemarko, Indah Suci Widyahening
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia
Background:
Low back pain (LBP) is pain that is felt in the lower back area, namely between the corners of the lowest ribs and the lower buttocks (lumbar or lumbo-sacral area) and can be local pain or radiate to the upper thighs/legs or both. Low back pain is a 10% debilitating condition that results in a change in life expectancy due to disability. Low back pain is not a malignancy and is a self-limiting condition, but patients always seek treatment to reduce the severity of their symptoms. Chronic Low Back Pain can alter lifestyle and increase the rate of prolonged …
Strengthening Linkages Between Health Care And Public Health: A Novel Framework For Public Health Action In Health Care Settings To Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Candice Fryda, Liz Gebhart-Morgan, Mindy Anderson-Knott, Nicole Roseberry, Jamie Hahn, Kelli Niemeier, Jennifer Rutt, Debra Miller
Strengthening Linkages Between Health Care And Public Health: A Novel Framework For Public Health Action In Health Care Settings To Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Candice Fryda, Liz Gebhart-Morgan, Mindy Anderson-Knott, Nicole Roseberry, Jamie Hahn, Kelli Niemeier, Jennifer Rutt, Debra Miller
UNL Office of Research and Innovation, Social/Behavioral Sciences Research Consortium
The Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Program (CDPCP) at the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services developed a novel public health framework and tools to translate public health knowledge, grant work, and terminology to a health care audience in order to inform clinical practice changes in the management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The CDPCP piloted the tools with 2 accountable care organizations that included 19 clinics and then funded 9 independent clinics. The project sought to empower clinics to design and implement interventions for reducing high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol focused on populations disproportionately at risk for …
Smile Brighter, Michigan: Inside The Mda Public Education Campaign, Rich Evans
Smile Brighter, Michigan: Inside The Mda Public Education Campaign, Rich Evans
The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association
The Michigan Dental Association's (MDA) Public Education Campaign, active for over three decades, aims to improve oral health and encourage visits to MDA-member dentists across Michigan. Funded by member dues, the campaign uses digital advertising and the smilemichigan.com website to educate the public. Key initiatives include the Find-A-Dentist tool, the "Healthy Mouth, Healthy Body" program, and various community outreach efforts. Upcoming features include the "Story Behind Every Smile" campaign, highlighting personal stories about the impact of dental health. By promoting proactive oral care, the MDA supports better overall health for Michigan residents.
J Mich Dent Assoc July 2024
The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association
Every month, the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association provides news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. It is the primary publication reaching Michigan dentists.
The July issue of the Michigan Dental Association (MDA) journal focuses on the member and public value of the association's Public Education Campaign through a cover story "Smile Brighter Michigan!". It also features articles on:
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How to get value from your MDA membership
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Joining the MDA Forensic Dental Team
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A new professional column, News you need, an editorial and regular department articles covering MDA …
Parental View On Hpv Vaccination, Rebecca Elaine Rhodes
Parental View On Hpv Vaccination, Rebecca Elaine Rhodes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection widely seen in the United States. Millions of Americans are affected by it each year, especially those in their late teens and early 20s. Although most infections will resolve on their own, 1 in 10 will lead to health problems such as cancer. The HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of associated precancers and cancers. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine and its completion among adolescents are significantly lower than other recommended adolescent immunizations, falling short of the Healthy People 2030 goal of 80% coverage. Understanding parental attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions …
Current State, Challenges, And Opportunities Of The School-Based Sexual And Reproductive Health Education In Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review, Genesa Lahope, Reza Fathurrahman
Current State, Challenges, And Opportunities Of The School-Based Sexual And Reproductive Health Education In Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review, Genesa Lahope, Reza Fathurrahman
Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health
Sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents remains crucial for Indonesia as it is home for more than 44 million teenagers as of 2022, in its way to anticipate demographic bonus in 2030. Government Regulation no. 61 of 2014 concerning Reproductive Health mandates sexual and reproductive health education in formal and informal education settings. By using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, this study assesses the current state of school-based sexual and reproductive health education in Indonesia. Findings reveal that the delivery of sexual and reproductive health education in Indonesian schools is fragmented, spread across various subjects such as Biology, …
The Effectivity Of Nutrition Education Using E-Booklet On Knowledge And Attitude About Anemia Among Adolescent Girls In Turen Malang, Farah Paramita, Windi Chusniah Rachmawati, Rany Ekawati, Haura Salwa Aulia Pherenis, Selsa Tri Septiani, Meisya Awaliahmunazila
The Effectivity Of Nutrition Education Using E-Booklet On Knowledge And Attitude About Anemia Among Adolescent Girls In Turen Malang, Farah Paramita, Windi Chusniah Rachmawati, Rany Ekawati, Haura Salwa Aulia Pherenis, Selsa Tri Septiani, Meisya Awaliahmunazila
Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health
One of the nutritional problems of adolescent female in Southeast Asia is iron deficiency anemia, with an estimated 25-40 percent of adolescent female experiencing mild to severe anemia. The impact of this on teenagers is a decline in academic abilities at school due to a lack of enthusiasm for learning and concentration on learning. This research aims to determine the effect of e-booklet anemia prevention media on young women at SMAN 1 Turen. This research uses an experimental method, namely a pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest approach. The subjects of this research were 50 female students. The results …
Burnout And Health Scores Among Residency Programs As An Indicator Of Wellness, Hannah Manzi, Jon Halling, Nayda Parisio Poldiak, Suzanne Perkins
Burnout And Health Scores Among Residency Programs As An Indicator Of Wellness, Hannah Manzi, Jon Halling, Nayda Parisio Poldiak, Suzanne Perkins
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
Background
With long hours, significant responsibilities, and a heavy workload, residency can be an incredibly stressful experience. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of residency on mental health and wellness. A secondary aim was to determine if the post-graduate year (PGY) of the different residents impacted their mental health or ability to cope with the stressors of residency.
Methods
Residents in anesthesiology, family medicine, internal medicine, and surgery were invited to complete a survey. The first portion of the survey had residents rank their mental health on a scale from 1 to 5. There was also …
A Comparison Of Menstrual Health And Well-Being Among Adolescent Girls In Urban And Rural Areas Of The Belegavi District: A Crossectional Study, Arati Mahishale, Nagma Khan
A Comparison Of Menstrual Health And Well-Being Among Adolescent Girls In Urban And Rural Areas Of The Belegavi District: A Crossectional Study, Arati Mahishale, Nagma Khan
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice
Background: Due to their relationship with several health hazards, menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and awareness are major public health concerns in both urban and rural settings. This study examined the awareness of MHM among adolescent girls in Belagavi and assessed their knowledge and understanding of menstruation and related taboos.
Methods: In the Belagavi District of Karnataka, India, a cross-sectional, community-based observational study was carried out. About 380 (as 8 were excluded) menstruating adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who attended different convent and government schools were included in the study. IBM SPSS version 20 was used to …
What Do Extension And Public Health Educators Need To Address Substance Misuse?, Lisa Washburn, Karen Franck
What Do Extension And Public Health Educators Need To Address Substance Misuse?, Lisa Washburn, Karen Franck
Journal of Extension
Limited organizational capacity has hindered Extension’s ability to address substance misuse in communities. To inform capacity-building efforts, we obtained Extension educator and health educator feedback on opportunities, challenges and resource needs using the Delphi technique. Opportunities included collaboration and partnerships with local entities. Stigma, inadequate resources, and limited knowledge and skills of educators were challenges. Top resource needs were updated youth curricula, funding, and clear guidance on what educators can do and what should be referred externally. Findings provide insights to educator perceptions and suggest additional training and resources needed to implement evidence-based approaches to address substance misuse.
Strategies To Recruit, Retain, And Disseminate Findings To Older Adults In Health Research: A Literature Review, Sydney Giancola, Russell Estreicher, Merna Mina
Strategies To Recruit, Retain, And Disseminate Findings To Older Adults In Health Research: A Literature Review, Sydney Giancola, Russell Estreicher, Merna Mina
Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections
This paper outlines various strategies to recruit, retain and disseminate information to older adults in health research. There is a limited scope on the best ways to engage with older adults, maintain their interest over time, and share their results post-data collection. This literature review aims to fill this gap and discuss various methods to increase the engagement of the older adult population in health research.
Enhancing Foot Care Education And Support Strategies In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Hsiao-Hui Ju, Madelene Ottosen, Jeffery Alford, Jed Jularbal, Constance Johnson
Enhancing Foot Care Education And Support Strategies In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Hsiao-Hui Ju, Madelene Ottosen, Jeffery Alford, Jed Jularbal, Constance Johnson
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
BACKGROUND: People with diabetes are susceptible to serious and disabling foot complications, which increase their morbidity and mortality rates. Examining the perspectives of people with diabetes on their foot care routines could help elucidate their beliefs and offer practical ways to prevent foot problems.
PURPOSE: We explored the perspectives of adults with diabetes on their foot care practices to identify and enhance foot care education and support strategies.
METHODOLOGY: Using the Zoom platform, 29 adults with diabetes completed a 3-month telehealth educational program, during which interviews were conducted. This article reports the results of thematic content analysis of the qualitative …
Latinas In The United States Facing Healthcare Access Challenges In A Mid-Size Urban Community, Nathan M. Lee, Deborah Kessler
Latinas In The United States Facing Healthcare Access Challenges In A Mid-Size Urban Community, Nathan M. Lee, Deborah Kessler
Journal of Global Awareness
This study examines the discrepancies and underlying factors in access to healthcare resources regarding breast and cervical cancer for Latinas in a mid-sized urban midwestern community. A survey was conducted at clinics hosted by a local non-profit organization, and forty participants completed surveys for this study (n=40). Bivariate correlation analysis in SPSS determined that significant positive correlations were found between the subjects’ knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer and their knowledge of the recommended frequency of receiving pap smears (p
Social/Emotional Health, Mental Health And Quality Of Life Among Adults With Comorbid Diabetes And Hypertension: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Ranjita Misra, Sara Nayeem
Social/Emotional Health, Mental Health And Quality Of Life Among Adults With Comorbid Diabetes And Hypertension: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Ranjita Misra, Sara Nayeem
Journal of Appalachian Health
Introduction: West Virginia has a disproportionately large population of rural adults with diabetes and hypertension, two common chronic, comorbid conditions that represent a national economic, social, and public health burden. Anxiety, depression, and severe mental illness are associated with poor motivation to engage in coping/self-care behaviors and related increased morbidity/mortality.
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between self-reported mental health, selected social and emotional health factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and clinical outcomes among adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension.
Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 75 participants who participated in a diabetes and hypertension self-management program (DHSMP) in …
Addressing Farm Safety: Farm Safety Dinner Theaters In The Shenandoah Valley, Tammy Kiser, Michelle Seekford, Jeremy Daubert
Addressing Farm Safety: Farm Safety Dinner Theaters In The Shenandoah Valley, Tammy Kiser, Michelle Seekford, Jeremy Daubert
Virginia Journal of Public Health
Statistics demonstrate that farm safety and wellness issues affect all ages in the agricultural community. However, an increased proportion of youth and older farm workers comprise the highest rates of farm-related morbidity and mortality. Engaging farmers in increasing safe practices in the agricultural community is an important, ongoing challenge.
Methodology
Farm Safety Dinner Theaters, an initiative created through community-based participatory research (CBPR) at the University of Kentucky, provide a relaxed environment where farmers and their families can identify safety and wellness issues, watch as the actors process these issues, and enjoy a meal. Seeing the situations played out in theater …
Community Needs Assessment Collaboration Following The July 2022 Flooding In Eastern Kentucky, Melissa Slone Dsw, Frances Feltner Dnp, William M. Baker Rn, Anthony S. Lockard Msw, Csw, Angela Raleigh Rd
Community Needs Assessment Collaboration Following The July 2022 Flooding In Eastern Kentucky, Melissa Slone Dsw, Frances Feltner Dnp, William M. Baker Rn, Anthony S. Lockard Msw, Csw, Angela Raleigh Rd
Journal of Appalachian Health
Rapidly rising waters due to flash floods and thunderstorms on the night of July 27, 2022, resulted in hundreds of water rescues throughout 14 rural Appalachian Kentucky counties. Lives were lost, thousands were injured, homes and property were damaged or destroyed, and many roadways were unpassable. Community partners serving these counties collaborated to design and conduct an assessment to gain a better understanding of the needs of individuals residing in certain remote sections within the communities. The assessment, conducted three months after the flood, collected information regarding flooding impact on housing, physical and behavioral health, transportation, work, and finances.
Let's Talk About Sex & Prep: District 2 Does!, Chrissa M. Shaffer
Let's Talk About Sex & Prep: District 2 Does!, Chrissa M. Shaffer
Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting & Conference
Defining what a PrEP Service Program entails and how it could benefit your district or county health center. Discussing methods that have been used to set up PrEP Services within a district – including training, resources, and promotion. Identifying the challenges and working through them. Reviewing the results of the PrEP Services over the past year, and the ongoing goals to encourage and increase our PrEP Services.
Inequality And Opportunity: Ranking Community Health In Florence County, Sc, Stephen Borders, Lauren Carter, Brandy Hayden, Mary Elizabeth Magyar
Inequality And Opportunity: Ranking Community Health In Florence County, Sc, Stephen Borders, Lauren Carter, Brandy Hayden, Mary Elizabeth Magyar
Public Health
Florence County is at the heart of the seven-county Pee Dee Region of South Carolina with a diverse population of about 136,000 residents. Home to McLeod Regional Medical Center and MUSC Health Florence Medical Center, the area boasts more than 750 licensed beds. Despite being home to world-class medical care, the county faces significant health challenges, including high rates of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, and a shortage of healthcare providers in certain areas. These challenges are exacerbated by the county's socio-economic disparities, with many low-income residents lacking access to basic health services. Our approach addresses these challenges …
Spatial Associations Of Lung Cancer Rates And Socioeconomic, Health, And Environmental Factors In Georgia, Nguyet Le, Jun Tu
Spatial Associations Of Lung Cancer Rates And Socioeconomic, Health, And Environmental Factors In Georgia, Nguyet Le, Jun Tu
Symposium of Student Scholars
According to CDC, Lung and Bronchus Cancer ranks the highest by the rate of cancer deaths among different types of cancers in the United States with the rate of 31.8 per 100 thousand people, and also for Georgia with the rate of 33.4 per 100 thousand people. Thus, to reduce the death rate of lung cancer, it is quite important and urgent to understand its risk factors. Smoking and inhaling radon are among the top risk factors of lung cancer for individuals. The socioeconomic, health, and environmental characteristics of communities might be also related to the likelihood of getting …
Pour Une Diffusion Éthique Des Connaissances De La Médecine Traditionnelle: L’Intersection De La Culture Yoruba Et Des Besoins Médicaux, Isabel Sala
CISLA Senior Integrative Projects
No abstract provided.
Physical Activity In Underserved Preadolescents: Characterization Of Accumulation And Patterns, Alma I. Behar, Matthew T. Mahar, Gregory Norman, John P. Elder, Michael Pratt, Patricia Dionicio, Noe C. Crespo
Physical Activity In Underserved Preadolescents: Characterization Of Accumulation And Patterns, Alma I. Behar, Matthew T. Mahar, Gregory Norman, John P. Elder, Michael Pratt, Patricia Dionicio, Noe C. Crespo
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Objectives: The increasing rates of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors among youth are a significant public health concern. The greatest disparities in physical activity (PA) are experienced by underserved (racial/ethnic minority, low-income) youth. This study aimed to characterize accelerometer-measured PA behaviors in a sample of low-income, predominantly Latino, preadolescents. Methods: Participants wore wrist worn GENEActiv accelerometers for 7 days. PA levels were classified as sedentary (< 50 mg), light (50-150 mg), moderate (> 150-500 mg), vigorous (> 500 mg), and MVPA (≥ 150 mg). Time spent in PA levels and sedentary time (ST), prevalence of meeting MVPA guidelines, and PA volume were estimated from accelerometer data. Three-way …
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Program For Hispanics In The Us Midwest: A Culturally Adapted Intervention, Armando De Alba
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Program For Hispanics In The Us Midwest: A Culturally Adapted Intervention, Armando De Alba
Theses & Dissertations
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the second leading cause of death in Nebraska (NE), accounting for approximately one in every five deaths. In the state, there are marked ethnic and rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of chronic diseases and resultant deaths. For instance, while the rates in NE of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction between 2001 and 2010 decreased among non-Hispanic Whites, the rates for Hispanics almost tripled. There is little evidence of CVD risk factor reduction strategies being implemented in Midwestern areas and Hispanic populations.
One promising approach for reducing CVD risk involves health education and lifestyle modification programs …
From Survivors To Care Providers: A Multi-Dimensional Study On Physical Activity In Cancer Care, Gaurav Kumar
From Survivors To Care Providers: A Multi-Dimensional Study On Physical Activity In Cancer Care, Gaurav Kumar
Theses & Dissertations
As the population of cancer survivors grows, understanding the dynamics of physical activity (PA) engagement is critical due to its potential benefits in reducing adverse health outcomes and mortality associated with cancer. Despite known benefits, both adherence to and promotion of PA among cancer survivors face significant challenges. This comprehensive study examines PA levels, barriers, facilitators, and perceptions among cancer survivors and oncology care providers over a ten-year period. The objectives are to assess adherence levels to PA among cancer survivors, explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to PA engagement from the survivors' perspectives, and understand the barriers, facilitators, and …
Investigating The Factors That Lead To Sports Related Injuries In Children, Kinjal Shah, Shawna Rotoli
Investigating The Factors That Lead To Sports Related Injuries In Children, Kinjal Shah, Shawna Rotoli
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
This project’s focus is to investigate if playing contact versus non-contact sports at a young age leads to more sports related injuries and to identify which factors correlate with increased injury rate in order to develop the most effective prevention and treatment methods. Data was collected through a survey including questions that delve deeper to quantify the amount of strain being put on the youth athlete’s body such as hours played a week, level of competitiveness, weeks played in a year, contact versus non-contact sport, and number of sports played. The following set of questions then addressed the actual injury …
Addressing Gaps In Care Through A Medical Student-Led Cancer Screening Project, Matthew Green, Hannah Ngo, Dakota B. Pastore, Jenna Zappetti, Olivia Siciliano, Meghan Mcquade, John Sauer, Anne Jones
Addressing Gaps In Care Through A Medical Student-Led Cancer Screening Project, Matthew Green, Hannah Ngo, Dakota B. Pastore, Jenna Zappetti, Olivia Siciliano, Meghan Mcquade, John Sauer, Anne Jones
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BrCa), and cervical cancer are three of the most preventable cancers. Despite the known significance for early detection and treatment, barriers to screening remain. We developed a medical student-led project to improve adherence to national cancer screening guidelines in patients across Rowan-Virtua Family Medicine (FM) practices. This study assesses the initiative’s efficacy in improving adherence to CRC, BrCa, and cervical cancer screenings.
Methods: Rowan-Virtua FM patients between the ages of 21-75 (n=735) were identified as due or up-to-date on cancer screenings based on chart review. Student volunteers were trained to contact patients to discuss …
Unveiling The Impact: Structural Racism And Childhood Lead Exposure's Health Consequences In Philadelphia, Mahhum Naqvi, Mahrukh Naqvi, Justin Stout, Colton Spencer
Unveiling The Impact: Structural Racism And Childhood Lead Exposure's Health Consequences In Philadelphia, Mahhum Naqvi, Mahrukh Naqvi, Justin Stout, Colton Spencer
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
Childhood lead exposure poses a significant risk to health and well-being, adversely affecting brain function, nervous system development, and behavioral patterns. This study examines the health disparities and inequities associated with childhood lead exposure in Philadelphia, focusing on structural racism and residential segregation as crucial lenses for analysis. By delving into the sociocultural context of lead exposure, this study underscores the imperative of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to safeguard Philadelphia's most vulnerable populations. Healthcare professionals and policymakers play pivotal roles in enhancing funding and prevention strategies. Addressing this issue through the prism of structural racism allows for the identification and …
Nutrition And Exercise Resources For Uninsured Patient Populations, Sabrina Marie Paparo, Samantha Plasner, Runi Patel, Wendy Briaguez
Nutrition And Exercise Resources For Uninsured Patient Populations, Sabrina Marie Paparo, Samantha Plasner, Runi Patel, Wendy Briaguez
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
Proper nutrition and exercise is integral for the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as type two diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease. However, health care disparities in the United States, such as lack of access to primary health care, has been an ever growing problem. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between being uninsured and having worse health outcomes, and to determine if there is a need for accessible nutrition and/or exercise resources for this population. To conduct this research, a survey was distributed at the Cherry Hill Free Clinic …
Diabetes Health Education For South Jersey Communities, Heaven Chu, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, Amin Khan
Diabetes Health Education For South Jersey Communities, Heaven Chu, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, Amin Khan
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that hinders the body’s metabolic process using insulin to maintain glycemic homeostasis. It is prevalent worldwide, with about 10% of the global adult population affected. Socio-economic and cultural factors and determinants make diabetes and diabetes management more of a health risk for certain populations rather than others. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is higher than the global average and the risk factors disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities.
This study was designed to investigate health disparities in diabetes among a diverse population sample. The study included researching the disparities of diabetes patients in …
Determinants Of Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents And Caregivers, Priya Srivastava
Determinants Of Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents And Caregivers, Priya Srivastava
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
•Vaccination efforts in the United States and globally are one of the largest contributors to pediatric preventative health
•Routine immunizations in the U.S for children ≤ 10 years old cover 14 vaccine-preventable diseases. As a result, an estimated 732,000 deaths, 21 million hospitalizations, and 322 diagnosed cases of diseases have been prevented between 1993 and 2013.
•Vaccines remain a point of contention with pediatricians and their patients' caregivers
•Many parents maintain hesitancy to give vaccines; to a number of reasons. Perceived risk and fear of side effects from vaccines more than the disease itself, can cause out-of-proportion concern
•Misinformation spread …