Does Crime Trigger Genetic Risk For Type 2 Diabetes In Young Adults? A G X E Interaction Study Using National Data, Fangqi Guo, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Jason D. Boardman, Jennifer W. Robinette

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Living in neighborhoods perceived as disordered exacerbates genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) among older adults. It is unknown whether this gene-neighborhood interaction extends to younger adults. The present study aims to investigate whether crime, an objectively measured indicator of neighborhood disorder, triggers genetic risk for T2D among younger adults, and whether this hypothesized triggering occurs through exposure to obesity.

Methods

Data were from the Wave I (2008) National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. A standardized T2D polygenic score was created using 2014 GWAS meta-analysis results. Weighted mediation analyses using generalized structural equation models were conducted …

Assessing The Testability Of The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) In Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior Among Young Adults In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Chia-Liang Dai, Traci Hayes, Melinda J. Ickes, Tejinder Pal Singh

Social and Behavioral Health Faculty Research

Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18–24 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to …

Cov-Inception: Covid-19 Detection Tool Using Chest X-Ray, Aswini Thota, Ololade Awodipe, Rashmi Patel

SMU Data Science Review

Since the pandemic started, researchers have been trying to find a way to detect COVID-19 which is a cost-effective, fast, and reliable way to keep the economy viable and running. This research details how chest X-ray radiography can be utilized to detect the infection. This can be for implementation in Airports, Schools, and places of business. Currently, Chest imaging is not a first-line test for COVID-19 due to low diagnostic accuracy and confounding with other viral pneumonia. Different pre-trained algorithms were fine-tuned and applied to the images to train the model and the best model obtained was fine-tuned InceptionV3 model …

Covid-19 Prevention Behaviors In A Cooperative Extension Audience: Findings From A Nutrition Education Study, Matthew Greene, Catherine Ruth Losavio, Denise Holston

Journal of Extension

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the delivery of nutrition education through Cooperative Extension. This study aimed to identify a Cooperative Extension audience’s attitudes towards virus prevention behaviors, preferred sources of information regarding COVID-19, and nutrition education preferences during the pandemic. We distributed an online survey to 477 potential nutrition education participants including questions about behaviors like mask wearing, preferences for virtual nutrition lesson delivery, and attitudes towards sources of information about COVID-19. Attitudes towards mask wearing and preferred sources of information differed significantly by race, income, and age. These differences have serious implications for future outreach and program delivery.

Minnesota Cottage Food Industry: Insights From Extension Food Safety Education, Morrine Omolo, Regina Mcgoff, Suzanne Driessen, Katherine Brandt, Joanne Slavin, Michael Schmitt

Journal of Extension

The cottage food industry has become a significant part of the food supply in Minnesota, most likely as a result of the growing consumer demand for locally produced, minimally processed and value-added foods. Using post-training evaluations, we characterized the cottage food producers in Minnesota and assessed the impact of our food safety course. The results showed that the producers are mostly white women (71%), producing and selling a variety of products. The learners gained knowledge to safely produce and handle homemade food products for direct sale to consumers. Majority (80%) of the learners were satisfied with the course.

Public Health Liberation – An Emerging Transdiscipline To Elucidate And Transform The Public Health Economy, Christopher Williams Mph, Joy Birungi Msc, Melody Brown Mph, Mhsa, James Deutsch Md, Phd, Felecia Williams Phd, Mpa, P.S. Perkins Ma, Patricia Bishop, Dena Walker, Ebony Moody, Rhonda Hamilton Ma, Jehan El-Bayoumi Md

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Public Health Liberation (PHL) is an innovative general theory of public health aimed at accelerating health equity. This paper provides a rich synthesis of philosophical traditions, novel theories, and approaches to establish the basis for a new public health transdiscipline. The authors argue that the "public health economy" as a single analytic lens elucidates the contradictions and tensions that reproduce vast health inequity. Authored by a majority of Black women, community experiences and perspectives are a major strength of this paper because they draw upon leadership experiences with contemporary issues.

The authors begin by describing their background in public health …

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness By Number Of Doses: Updated Systematic Review Of Data From National Immunization Programs, Lauri E Markowitz, Mélanie Drolet, Rayleen M Lewis, Philippe Lemieux-Mellouki, Norma Pérez, Mark Jit, Julia M Brotherton, Gina Ogilvie, Aimée R Kreimer, Marc Brisson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were first licensed as a three-dose series. Two doses are now widely recommended in some age groups; there are data suggesting high efficacy with one dose. We updated a systematic literature review of HPV vaccine effectiveness by number of doses in observational studies.

METHODS: We searched Medline and Embase databases from January 1, 2007, through September 29, 2021. Data were extracted and summarized in a narrative synthesis. We also conducted quality assessments for bias due to selection, information, and confounding.

RESULTS: Overall, 35 studies were included; all except one were conducted within the context of …

Child Health In Darfur, Sudan: Addressing The Effects Of Armed Conflict On Children's Health In Darfur, Judith Natukunda

Master's Projects and Capstones

ABSTRACT

Background: For 19 years, the Darfur region of Sudan has experienced unending civil unrest and war, resulting in more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million displaced persons. The war led to severe food insecurity, clean and safe drinking water shortages, high disease prevalence, destruction of infrastructure, and a broken health care system. Despite the interventions by the global community and various humanitarian agencies, over 2.8 million people are still displaced and living in IDP camps across Darfur. Over 300,000 children are living in neighboring Chad. The armed conflict led to high levels of child malnutrition, a high …

Tobacco Policy Reform: Ending The Youth And Young Adult Tobacco Epidemic, Rocio Arjon

Master's Projects and Capstones

Tobacco has been accessible to communities all over the world since 6,000 BC. Overtime, the tobacco industry adapted its products to become more modern and look like technology or taste like common foods and candy. In 1989 the California Department of Public Health organized the California Control Tobacco Program (CTCP) which funds many local jurisdictions in California to provide tobacco education to community members and pass local ordinance to protect the health of their community. This paper is examining the existing policies in Hollister to protect our children and young adults, end the tobacco epidemic, advocate for more comprehensive tobacco …

Emergency Care For Youth Who Experience Suicidality And Identify As Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer/Questioning (Lgbtq+): An Interpretive Phenomenology, Theresa Schultz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Suicide is a leading cause of death in children; youth who identify as LGBTQ+ are at an exponentially higher risk of suicide. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of young adults who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency care for suicidality when they were adolescents.

Methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics phenomenology is the research method used in this study. Youth, ages 18-25 years, who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency treatment for suicidality when they were adolescents (13-17 years) were recruited to participate;fifteen youth enrolled. Individuals ranged in age from 20 to 25 years. Participants described …

In The Eyes Of The Beholder: Race, Place And Health, Alfredo J. Velasquez, Jason A. Douglas, Fangqi Guo, Jennifer W. Robinette

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Racial and ethnic health disparities are fundamentally connected to neighborhood quality. For example, as a result of historical systemic inequities, racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in neighborhoods with signs of physical disorder (e.g., graffiti, vandalism), and physically disordered environments have been noted to associate with increased risk for chronic illness. Degree of exposure to neighborhood disorder may alter peoples' perception of their neighborhoods, however, with those most exposed (e.g., historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups) perhaps perceiving less threat from signs of neighborhood disorder. The purpose of the present study was to examine the complex interrelationships between people …

Digital Health Companies - Efforts To Innovate For Health Equity, Patricia Martell

Master's Projects and Capstones

INTRODUCTION: To achieve greater health equity, we should look to the ways in which digital technology can positively impact healthcare service and delivery. While there is an incredible opportunity to improve healthcare with digital technology, the potential to exacerbate existing health inequities also must be considered. One important and influential player in the healthcare ecosystem is the digital health innovator. These are companies looking to improve how healthcare is performed and delivered. It is imperative that while they respond to the market forces driving change, they also work to deliver products that can benefit everyone.

METHODS: A literature review was …

Reframing Culturally Competent Care To Improve Mental Health Outcomes Among African Americans, Jaelen Kennedy-Valdez

Master's Projects and Capstones

African Americans are continuously disadvantaged when it comes to interacting with mental health services which has been evident in the utilization of services, treatment engagement, and quality of services compared to their White counterparts (Alang, 2019). Many researchers and providers have called for culturally competent care and tailored treatment for African Americans to address barriers to access and quality of health care (Alang, 2019). In this paper, a systematic review will be conducted to assess several models that have been integrated in the U.S. healthcare settings and services. In addition, we will define the components of culturally competent care and …

Youth Climate Change Activism: How Activism In Youth Can Be Encouraged To Help Combat Climate Change And Reduce Youth Health Impacts, Lorely M. Ruiz

Master's Projects and Capstones

While the effects of climate change are already affecting populations throughout the world, youth will have to deal with the full array of consequences due to the inaction of people in power and environmental regulation failures. Climate change is an issue that needs to be dealt with urgently due to the disproportionate burden it has on youth and future generations. A scoping literature review was conducted to analyze existing literature on climate change activism among youth throughout the globe. Research, practice, and policy recommendations were made to help address gaps in existing literature such as limited research on youth climate …

Sexual Behaviours And Sexual Health Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults In Britain, Junead Khan, Emily Greaves, Clare Tanton, Hannah Kuper, Thomas Shakespeare, Eneyi Kpokiri, Yun Wang, Jason J. Ong, Suzanne Day, Stephen W. Pan, Weiming Tan, Bingyi Wang, Xin Peng, Bowen Liang, Huachun Zou, Joseph D. Tucker, Dan Wu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives Population-representative studies of the sexual health of middle-aged and older adults are lacking in ageing societies. This study aimed to identify latent patterns of sexual behaviours and health of people aged 45–74 years.

Methods We conducted a latent class analysis of the National Attitudes and Sexual Lifestyles Survey (Natsal-3), a nationally representative survey conducted in Britain in 2011.

Results Of the 5260 respondents aged 45–74 years, 48.86% of men and 44.91% of women belonged to the Content Caseys class who reported good sexual health. The Infrequent Indigos (30.94% of men, 44.38% of women) were characterised by a lack of …

Occupational Therapy's Role In Home Health, Irving Noche

Department of Occupational Therapy Entry-Level Capstone Projects

My capstone experience was completed at CORE Health Company in Riverside, California under a privately owned home health care (HHC) staffing company. CORE Health provide in-home Occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) services for the adult and the older adult (ages 65 and over) population. Clients under private insurance, Medicare, hospice, or workers compensation can qualify to receive services. CORE Health proudly serves the Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. My site mentor for this capstone experience was Afshin Juybari, founder CEO of CORE Health and faculty mentor is Christina Kane, Ed. D., MS, OTR/L. I explored the Accreditation Council …

Evidence-Based Best Practice Toolkit For Social Determinants Of Health: A Program Evaluation Review, Bryleigh Berry

Student Scholarly Projects

Despite an increase in healthcare expenditure, racial and ethnic disparities remain a substantial concern among adult primary care patients in the United States. This is largely due to the focus on medical intervention and disregard for the underlying factors that contribute significantly to health outcomes such as economic stability, educational access and quality, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. The PICOT question that guided this program evaluation review project is: In adult clients seeking care at a primary care clinic (P), how does a SDOH toolkit based on the CDC framework (I) compared …

Ethical Implications Of Covid-19 Surveillance In Karnataka Using Nancy Kass Framework, Apurva Jain, Lakshya Arora

Journal of Health Ethics

Numerous public health hurdles, including pandemics such as COVID-19, have led to concerns about community health practices in relation, necessitating the application of an ethical perspective. International research ethics guidelines are only used in a restricted range of contexts of public health. As a result, a variety of frameworks have been established to assist ethical analysis of public health concerns. In this study, we have used the Nancy Kass framework for analyzing COVID-19 surveillance in Karnataka state of India, which is a six-step approach that can assist public health practitioners in evaluating the ethical consequences of interventions, policy initiatives, services, …

A Policy Project: Implementing Safe Firearm Storage Legislation In Kentucky., Maggie M. Wiser

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Ensuring the safe storage of firearms in the home is a research-supported method of reducing the incidence of firearm injury and death, specifically unintentional injury and self-harm in the pediatric population. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends keeping all firearms stored locked, unloaded, and separate from ammunition. While evidence shows that implementing laws regulating the storage of firearms can be effective to reduce morbidity and mortality, the state of Kentucky currently has no such regulations. For this DNP project, John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework was used as a guideline for policy analysis with the intention of identifying opportunities to advocate …

Burnout And Wellness Strategies During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cecilia Salinas Domene

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers not only had to manage how to treat a new disease but also had to increase their workload to keep up with the patients infected with the new virus. These physicians had to deal with an increase in patients and an increase in patient deaths. In addition, being a frontline worker meant that these physicians had more exposure to the virus than the general population. If they did contract the virus themselves, they had to go into quarantine, many times away from their families (Walton et al., 2020). A national survey done of physicians …

The Patient-Centered Medical Home And The Value Of Heightened Care Coordination: A Systematic Literature Review, Garrett L. Vetter

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Health care spending in the United States continues to increase at a pace that far exceeds inflation. Representing a greater proportion of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) than any other country, costs associated with health care services in the U.S. lend support to growing concern regarding the sustainability of current systems. Furthermore, the fragmented nature of the current landscape often presents challenges to the provision of high-quality and efficient care. Satisfaction among both patients and health care providers, alike, suffers under the weight of increasing regulatory burden, the lack of integrated medical records systems, and growing complexity among health …

Management Of Youth Sport-Related Concussion By Urban And Rural Practitioners: A Pilot Study, Brett R. Fox

All NMU Master's Theses

Sport-related concussions (SRC) occur at alarming rates among high school athletes (ages 13-18), which made the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and other agencies classify it as an “epidemic”. If improperly managed, physical, mental, and emotional consequences can occur for SRC patients. Due to these consequences all 50 states in the US have passed legislation requiring medical release from a practitioner before a student-athlete can return to athletics following an SRC, yet there is no universally accepted consensus on how to medically manage this common injury. A 22-item, validated survey was distributed to Michigan practitioners who sign off on …

Narrative Inquiry Into Postsecondary Transition Outcomes For Young Adults With Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, Eric R. Sarrett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) continue to struggle with community engagement despite decades of research and policy initiatives addressing postsecondary transition. Evidence shows that persons with IDD are engaging in employment, postsecondary education, independent living, socialization, and other roles at significantly diminished rates, yet little data exists describing this participation in the voices of those affected. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to describe community integration of persons with IDD in the decade following postsecondary transition in their own words. Critical disability theory was used as a lens to explore the successes and failures of public …

Men’S Stories: An Account Of Translating Vaccine Decision Narratives From Young Men In The U.S. Into A Targeted Public Health Intervention, Michelle Miller-Day, Erin S. Craw, Diana Harris, Michael L. Hecht

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Effective interventions to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination are needed for all young adults across the globe. Yet, most public health efforts focus on HPV-related risks for females. Unfortunately, HPV-related cancers in men are also a concern, as is the potential for men to spread HPV to their partners. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in reducing risks related to these cancers. Yet, vaccination rates among young males are low and their vaccination concerns are not well understood. This project conducted 15 in-depth qualitative interviews with U.S. males aged 18–22 to hear their vaccine decision stories. Themes of HPV vaccination …

The Impact Of Hpv Vaccine Narratives On Social Media: Testing Narrative Engagement Theory With A Diverse Sample Of Young Adults, Amy E. Leader, Michelle Miller-Day, Rikishi T. Rey, Preethi Selvan, Anne E. Pezalla, Michael L. Hecht

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are highest in young adults, who can be vaccinated against HPV if they were not vaccinated as adolescents. Since young adults increasingly access health information on social media, we tested the impact of a social media campaign with narrative-based health information on intentions related to HPV vaccination. We also aimed to understand which ads resonated most with young adults and led to higher survey completion rates. We created social media posts featuring videos promoting HPV vaccination. We launched a sponsored ad campaign on Facebook to reach young women, ages 18–26, across the country. Participants …

Trends In Cannabis-Related And Opioid-Related Hospitalization Rates In Maine, 2010-2020, Suzanne Mcmahon, Katherine Ahrens

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: Medical marijuana use became legal in the state of Maine in 1999, and recreational adult-use marijuana became legal in 2016. However, the rates of hospitalization related to marijuana (also known as cannabis) use have not been studied. We estimated trends in cannabis-related hospitalization rates in Maine based on rurality and descriptively compared these trends to opioid-related hospitalization rates during the past decade.

Methods: We obtained de-identified data of inpatient encounters for Maine residents between 2010 and 2020 from MaineHealth Data Organization. We then calculated age-standardized rates of cannabis-related and opioid-related hospitalizations overall and by rural-urban residence using International Classification …

A Case Of Adult Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Following Covid-19 Vaccine, Meghan Brown, Nika Zorko Garbajs, Simon Zec, Hisham Mushtaq, Anwar Khedr, Abbas Bashir Jama, Ibtisam Rauf, Mikael Mir, Aishwarya Reddy Korsapati, Shikha Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Ramesh Adhikari, Amos Lal, Ognjen Gajic, Juan Pablo Domecq, Sarah Goksoy, Brian Bartlett, Amit Sharma, Nitesh Kumar Jain, Syed Anjum Khan

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a life-threatening condition associated with elevated inflammatory markers and multiple organ injury. A diagnosis of exclusion, it has been reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adults; recently it has been described in some post-COVID-19 vaccinated individuals. The prognosis with supportive care and immunomodulatory therapy is good, although some individuals may require treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Here we report a case of a 58-year-old man who developed multi-organ failure after receiving the second dose of the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. He required critical organ support in the …

Community Engagement Education In Academic Health Centers, Colleges, And Universities, Chyke A. Doubeni, David Nelson, Elizabeth Gross Cohn, Electra Paskett, Seleshi Ayalew Asfaw, Mehek Sumar, Syed M. Ahmed, Rhonda Mcclinton-Brown, Mark L. Wieland, Anita Kinney, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Lisa G. Rosas, Cecilia M. Patino

Publications and Research

Community engagement (CE) is critical for advancing health equity and a key approach for promoting inclusive clinical and translational science. However, it requires a workforce trained to effectively design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and improvement strategies through meaningful collaboration with community members. This paper presents an approach for designing CE curricula for research, education, clinical care, and public health learners. A general pedagogical framework is presented to support curriculum development with the inclusion of community members as facilitators or faculty. The overall goal of the curriculum is envisioned as enabling learners to effectively demonstrate the principles of CE in …

The Mission System: An Electronic Health Record For Medical Treatment In Guatemala, Tawniece M. Curry

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem: The introduction of an electronic health record (EHR) system has become an essential component in monitoring and tracking patient information in most developed countries but are difficult to implement in underdeveloped countries. Guatemala is a country with poor health care and limited resources for patient tracking and monitoring. An organization in Guatemala, Nursing Heart Inc. (NHI), provides care to over 40 underserved rural communities but lacks the ability to monitor and track patient information. In order for NHI to properly monitor and evaluate their programs and track patients’ continuity of care, the introduction of an EHR system is …

Total Prevention: A History Of Schistosomiasis In Japan, Alexander Bay

History Faculty Articles and Research

In Japan, schistosomiasis was endemic in Yamanashi Prefecture and a few other hotspot areas where the Miya’iri snail lived. The parasite’s lifecycle relied on the intermediary Miya’iri snail as well as the human host. Parasite eggs passed into the agrarian environment through untreated night soil used as fertiliser or through the culture of open defecation in rural Japan. Manmade rice fields and irrigation ditches, night soil covered paddies and highly refined growing seasons put people in flooded rice paddies to intensively work the land in the spring and summer. The disease was equally dependent on human intervention in the natural …