Other Public Health Commons^™

A Model To Explain Statewide Differences In Covid-19 Death Rates, James L. Doti

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

COVID-19 death rates per 100,000 vary widely across the nation. As of September 1, 2020, they range from a low of 4 in Hawaii to a high of 179 in New Jersey. Although academic research has been conducted at the county and metropolitan levels, no research has rigorously examined or identified the demographic and socioeconomic forces that explain state-level differences. This study presents an empirical model and the results of regression tests that help identify these forces and shed light on the role they play in explaining COVID-19 deaths.

A stepwise regression model we tested exhibits a high degree of …

Healthcare Barriers For Congolese Refugee Children In Louisville, Ky: Parental Perception And Narratives Through Focus Group Discussions, Zheyi Teoh, Brit Anderson, Annie Rominger

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Background: There are up to 3500 refugees who resettle in Kentucky annually with 66% of refugee children originating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Little is known about the barriers to healthcare perceived by Congolese parents. This information can direct interventions to improve the care of these children.

Methods: Focus group discussions (FGD) were used to allow families to share personal anecdotes, compare experiences, and encourage discussion between group members. Between August 2018 to May 2020, three FGDs were conducted with Congolese parents who have at least one child ≤18 years old. An interpreter was utilized for each session …

Covid-19 Treatment Resource Disparities And Social Disadvantage In New York City, Jason A. Douglas, Andrew M. Subica

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Black and Hispanic communities in the U.S. have endured a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Racial and ethnic health disparities such as these are frequently aggravated by inequitable access to healthcare resources in disadvantaged communities. Yet, no known studies have investigated disadvantaged communities' access to COVID-19-related healthcare resources. The current study accordingly examined racial and ethnic differences in (1) April 2020 COVID-19 total and positive viral test rates across 177 New York City (NYC) ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA); and (2) November 2019–April 2020 licensed and intensive care unit (ICU) hospital bed access across 194 NYC ZCTAs. Pairwise …

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms And Accumulation Of Stress Among Black Men In The Health And Retirement Study, Roland J. Thorpe Jr., Phd, Ryon Cobb Phd, Keyonna King Drph, Marino A. Bruce Phd, Msrc, Mdiv, Paul Archibald Drph, Lcsw, Harlan P. Jones Phd, Keith C. Norris Phd, Keith E. Whitfield Phd, Darrell Hudson Phd, Mph

Office of the President Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: Among the multiple factors posited to drive the health inequities that black men experience, the fundamental role of stress in the production of poor health is a key component. Allostatic load (AL) is considered to be a byproduct of stressors related to cumulative disadvantage. Exposure to chronic stress is associated with poorer mental health including depressive symptoms. Few studies have investigated how AL contributes to depressive symptoms among black men. The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to examine the association between AL and depressive symptoms among middle- to old age black men. Research Design and Methods: …

Fertility Awareness And Parenting Intentions Among Mexican Undergraduate And Graduate University Students, J. M. Place, Brennan D. Peterson, B. Horton, M. Sanchez

Marriage and Family Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

An online, cross-sectional survey was carried out between November 2017 and January 2018 to assess fertility awareness among students attending the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City. A total of 371 students participated in the survey (n = 228 females, 143 males). 75% of females and 74% of males believed a woman’s fertility begins to decline markedly after age 40. Over 75% of all participants overestimated the probability of couples having a live birth after undergoing one cycle of IVF. With regard to parenting intentions, only 48% of females wished to have children compared to 59% …

A Lung Cancer Screening Personalized Decision-Aid Improves Knowledge And Reduces Decisional Conflict Among A Diverse Population Of Smokers At An Urban Academic Medical Center, Madeline Kaufman, Nilan Schnure, Andrea Nicholson, Frank Leone, Carmen Guerra

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Few lung cancer screening decision aids have been tested in diverse populations. The study objective was to determine whether the online decision aid www.shouldiscreen.com impacts knowledge of and decisional conflict around lung cancer screening in a diverse population.

Methods: Eligible patients had significant smoking histories, were at increased risk for lung cancer (ages 45-80, >20 pack-years, smoking within last 15 years) and had no history of prior lung cancer or screening. Data was collected and analyzed in 2017.

Results: 40 patients were enrolled: 80% were female, 62.5% black, 33% white, and 48% had a high school …

Gaining A “Foothold” On The Diagnosis Of Leishmaniasis, Brent M. Troy, Rebecca Hart, Navjyot Vidwan, Bethany Hodge

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Pediatric refugees and immigrants may present with unusual diagnoses due to their extensive migration and potential harsh conditions in travel. Trauma and family separation add to the difficulty of obtaining a history of exposures. We report a case of one of the more commonly neglected tropical diseases, Leishmaniasis. A 15-year-old male refugee patient presented to the hospital with ulcerative lesions to his legs. His migration history was extensive, starting in Central Africa with travel to South America, followed by migration through Central America to Texas. The patient developed ulcerative lesions on his legs, and he was brought to the children’s …

Factors Associated With Binge Drinking During The Transition Into Adulthood: Exploring Associations Within Two Distinct Young Adult Age Ranges, Tamara Leech, Sarah Jacobs, Denis Watson

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background:

Binge drinking among young adults aged 18-21 years has declined over the past decade, but binge drinking rates among people 22-25 years old have remained largely the same. This steady trend in later years represents a departure from the traditional course of maturing out of risky alcohol use, perhaps because young adults are delaying the transition into adulthood.

Aims:

This paper explores the relationship between binge drinking and aspects of the transition into adulthood that could inform interventions targeting these two distinct groups of young adults.

Methods:

We use survey data on 1,081 young adults aged 18-25 living in …

Government Information Crackdowns In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Justin Sherman

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

The Covid-19 pandemic has illustrated the importance of accurate, real-time information and empirical data in a rapidly evolving crisis. Yet it has also captured an opposite issue: the spread of misinformation and disinformation during a public health crisis. Numerous governments have used the Covid-19 pandemic as reason to, legitimately or illegitimately, heighten existing state censorship practices or introduce new practices entirely under the justification of stopping false information about the virus. This report analyzes developments in China, India, and Russia as case studies of government censorship amid the public health crisis. It offers five key takeaways from these case studies. …

Anticoagulation And Bleeding Risk In Patients With Covid-19, Nancy Musoke, Kevin Bryan Lo, Jeri Albano, Eric Peterson, Ruchika Bhargav, Fahad Gul, Robert Dejoy, Grace Salacup, Jerald Pelayo, Padmavathi Tipparaju, Zurab Azmaiparashvili, Gabriel Patarroyo-Aponte, Janani Rangaswami

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: There is no current standardized approach to anticoagulation in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) while potential bleeding risks remain. Our study characterizes the patterns of anticoagulation use in COVID-19 patients and the risk of related bleeding.

METHODS: This is a single center retrospective analysis of 355 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from March 1 to May 31, 2020. Chi-square was used to analyze the relationship between degree of anticoagulant dose and bleeding events by site. Multivariable logistic regression was used to look at factors associated with inpatient death.

RESULTS: 61% of patients were being treated with …

Promoting Community Engagement Through Basic User Tutorial Of Epa Geospatial Screening Tools, Jonas Nguyen

Master's Projects and Capstones

Social inequalities are riddled with health disparities and outcomes leading toward lower life expectancy. Communities of color, low income, and rural neighborhoods lack the voice and resources to effectively oppose industrial settlement which would likely lead to the release of toxic wastes into the water, air and ground ultimately affecting residential health. Empowering members through community engagement is a relatively new strategic process where researchers are finding mutual benefits in design, implementation, and results. This study aims to identify and promote tools for community engagement within the scope of environmental justice by working with EPA geospatial screening tools and designing …

Assessment Of Real-World Use Of Behavioral Health Mobile Applications By A Novel Stickiness Metric, Andrew D. Carlo, Reza H. Ghomi Md, Mse, Brenna N. Renn Phd, Michael A. Strong Md, Patricia A. Areán Phd

Psychology Faculty Research

Digital health treatments for individuals with behavioral health problems are increasing rapidly in number.1,2 Studies to date have demonstrated that longitudinal patient engagement is challenging,3,4 making it unlikely for most applications (hereafter, apps) to effect real-world change. In this cross-sectional study, we describe usage patterns of popular mobile behavioral health apps and identify characteristics of those that are most continually accessed (also known as the stickiest),5 with the aim of informing future research on behavioral health app engagement.

Housing Stability And Diabetes Among People Living In New York City Public Housing, Sungwoo Lim, Sze Yan Liu, Melanie H. Jacobson, Eugenie Poirot, Aldo Crossa, Sean Locke, Jennifer Brite, Elizabeth Hamby, Zinzi Bailey, Stephanie Farquhar

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Public housing provides affordable housing and, potentially, housing stability for low-income families. Housing stability may be associated with lower incidence or prevalence and better management of a range of health conditions through many mechanisms. We aimed to test the hypotheses that public housing residency is associated with both housing stability and reduced risk of diabetes incidence, and the relationship between public housing and diabetes risk varies by levels of housing stability. Using 2004-16 World Trade Center Health Registry data, we compared outcomes (housing stability measured by sequence analysis of addresses, self-reported diabetes diagnoses) between 730 New York City public housing …

Prospects For Rnai Therapy Of Covid-19, Hasan Uludağ, Kylie Parent, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Azita Haddadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a fast emerging disease with deadly consequences. The pulmonary system and lungs in particular are most prone to damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which leaves a destructive footprint in the lung tissue, making it incapable of conducting its respiratory functions and resulting in severe acute respiratory disease and loss of life. There were no drug treatments or vaccines approved for SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of pandemic, necessitating an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics. To this end, the innate RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be employed to develop front line therapies against …

The Public Health Crisis Of Law Enforcement’S Over-Use Of Force, Mary E. Helander, Austin Mcneill Brown

Population Health Research Brief Series

The overuse of police force has public health implications. The rates of injury and death sustained while in law enforcement custody should be collected as a part of the public health strategy to minimize the over-use of force.

The Influence Of Military Service Experiences On Current And Daily Drinking, Andrew S. London, Janet M. Wilmoth, William J. Oliver, Jessica A. Hausauer

Population Health Research Brief Series

Traumatic military service experience can lead to increased alcohol consumption among veterans, who may use alcohol as a form of self-medication. Veterans with a psychiatric disorder or traumatic brain injury are more likely than nonveterans to be daily drinkers. Non-combat and combat veterans without a PD or TBI are less likely than nonveterans to be daily drinkers.

Pregnancy Rates From Intrauterine Insemination Are Equivalent Following 1- Versus 5-Day Letrozole Administration For Ovulation Induction: A Retrospective Study, Kaitlin Mcgrail, Susan Conway, John Storment, Sarah Buzhardt, Neil Chappell

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: To compare the efficacy of single-dose letrozole (25 mg) with a 5-day course (5 mg/day) for ovulation induction (OI). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Hospital. Patient(s): Patients undergoing first round of OI and intrauterine insemination with letrozole from January 2015 through December 2017. Intervention(s): Patients received letrozole as either a single 25 mg dose for 1 day (1D) versus 5 mg daily for 5 days (5D). A secondary analysis was performed on patients also receiving gonadotropins (GND). Main Outcome Measure(s): Pregnancy rate (PR) determined by positive human chorionic GND. Result(s): There were 847 patients included in the study, 302 …

Open Public Health Data Discovery: Start With Re3data.Org, Charles J. Greenberg, Sangeeta Narang

Libraries Scholarship

Background: Open public health data consists of organized online data repositories assembled during or after public health investigations. There are enormous quantities of organized public health repository data emerging in a variety of academic, government, or non-commercial discipline or subject repositories. A new registry of research data repositories, re3data.org, has the potential to improve the identification, access, and reuse of public health data, as well as promote best practices of data preservation and management. The intention of this investigation is to provide an introduction to effective use re3data.org for access to shared open public health data.

Description: The authors examined …

Detroit Food Metrics Report 2019, Alex B. Hill

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This report provides a snapshot of data and information on Detroit’s food system as well as trends over time. The report includes a broad range of programs and initiatives that local organizations, the Detroit Food Policy Council, and the City of Detroit are undertaking to address food insecurity, increase healthy food access and awareness, and support a more sustainable and just food system.

Bioethics And Covid-19: The Tension Of Quarantine And Civil Liberties, Jeffrey H. Dobken

NYMC Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 public health response is based on law and concepts developed to address an act of
bioterrorism. In the absence of a specific treatment or vaccine for an identified patient with COVID-19 this is fundamentally a statistical approach to preserve the general healthy population rather than address the needs of the individual patient.

Hubungan Konsentrasi Formaldehid Dalam Ruang Dengan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Obstruktif Pada Siswa Sekolah Menangah Pertama Di Depok, Leviani Kristiana, Bambang Wispriyono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

One of indoor pollutants that is a public health problem is formaldehyde. Formaldehyde exposure may cause lung function impairment. Children and adolescents spend most of their time in indoor environments, especially in schools. The objective of this research is to examine the association between indoor formaldehyde concentrations with obstructive pulmonary function impairment among Junior High School students in Depok. Cross-sectional studies were conducted at three SMP in Depok. Measurement of formaldehyde concentrations using direct reading FormaldemeterTM htv and condition of lung function obtained through inspection with spirometer. Sample of research is 150 students taken with multistage sampling. The results showed …

Kondisi Sanitasi Dasar Dengan Kejadian Diare Di Kawasan Pesisir Pantai Desa Sedari, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat Tahun 2018, Shafira Raudhati Putri, Dewi Susanna

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Poor sanitary conditions will increase the risk of infectious diseases such as diarrhea. this is due to the high rate of morbidity and mortality caused by diarrhea, especially by infants and toddlers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to see whether there was a relationship between basic sanitary conditions and the incidence of diarrhea in Sedari Village. Methods. This study uses primary data taken by direct interviews of the research sample. From 1514 families can be sampled 104 KK. The design of this study was cross sectional design and univariate data was analyzed with frequency distribution, bivariate with …

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan Benzena Terhadap Kesehatan Pekerja Bengkel Sepatu Di Desa Sukajaya, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 2018, Olivia Purnamasari, Budi Hartono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Adhesive glue containing hazardous compound (benzene) utilization in shoes production can cause health risk to shoe footware workers. As a volatile compound, benzene is classified as carcinogenic agent to humans (Group 1). The objective of this study was to estimate the health risks of benzene exposure among shoe workers in Sukajaya Village conducted in April-May 2018 with secondary data and using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) . Methods. The study was conducted in 10 workshops with 13 air sampling points and 80 respondents selected by stratified random sampling. Results. The results of this study showed that the average …

Pm10 Dalam Udara Ruang Kelas Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Siswa Sd/Mi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cilebut, Kecamatan Sukaraja, Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2018, Agisna Nur Fidya, Budi Hartono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. ARI is the most common cause of death among children in developing countries. This research is using cross-sectional design, to find out the association of PM10 in the classroom air with the incidence of ARI in elementary school students under Cilebut Primary Health Care work area, Bogor. Methods. The samples are 184 students in 4th and 5th grade in three selected elementary schools. In addition to PM10, other variables thought to be associated with ARI in elementary school students (temperature, humidity, lighting, ventilation, density of the classroom, nutritional status of the students). Results. The results showed that the variables …

Studi Eksploratif Faktor Risiko Pasar Tradisional Tahun 2018 (Studi Di Pasar Bantar Gebang, Kota Bekasi), Faradhila Aushafiana Manaf, Umar Fahmi Achmadi

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. The existence of traditional markets which are places where food sales have a huge impact on public health. Conditions of traditional market that do not comply with these health norms can be a site of disease outbreaks. Method. This research is a descriptive explorative study. The population in this study is all subjects who perform activities in the Bantar Gebang Traditional Market. Samples were taken by quota sampling technique to get a sample of 150 people. The variables studied in this study are market infrastructure; market sanitation; hygiene and personal sanitation; temperature and humidity; lighting; water quality; fly density; …

Analisis Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Di Universitas Indonesia (Studi Kasus Efektivitas Unit Pengolahan Sampah Ui Depok), Nisa Larasati, Laila Fitria

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Waste management system in the campus has been implemented by Solid Waste Handling Facility of Universitas Indonesia (UPS UI). The main purpose of this study, therefore, is twofold that are to describe the current status of waste management in each faculty and to assess the effectiveness of organic solid waste processing in the Solid Waste Handling Facility of the campus. This study is based on the survey in 14 waste rallying points of the campus. Methods. In this study we observe and interview sorting waste workers, coordinators of each point, workers and the manager in the Solid Waste Handling …

Characterization Of Molecular Pattern In Sensory Pain Signaling Following Mustard Exposure On Mouse Ear Vesicant Model, Hong-Duck Kim, Diane E. Heck

Annual SHSP Student Research and Scholarship Day

No abstract provided.

How Much Can Mexican Healthcare Providers Learn About Breastfeeding Through A Semi-Virtual Training? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Meztli Moncada, Diana Flores

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Mexico has shown a worrisome decrease in breastfeeding indicators, especially in the lowest socioeconomic level. Improving breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support services through workforce development is a key area of intervention. The objective of this study is to assess the influence on breastfeeding knowledge and abilities of a semi-virtual training for primary healthcare providers assisting beneficiaries of PROSPERA in Mexico, which is one of the largest conditional cash-transfer programs in the world. Methods: Two independent cross-sectional samples of healthcare providers were drawn at baseline and post-intervention in three states of Mexico. Baseline data were collected among primary physicians, registered …

The Benefits Of Utilizing Student Created Videos To Promote Ethical Practice In Physical Therapy, Sonia Gawronski, Bryan Baracaldo Spt, Emily Dickinson Spt, Jennifer Holtzer Spt, Daniel Jacobs Spt, Nicole Lipinski Spt, Menherit Goodwyn Spt

Annual SHSP Student Research and Scholarship Day

No abstract provided.

Use Of Mobile Health In Infant And Young Child Nutrition: A Formative Study In Rural Maharashtra, Samreen Sadaf Khan Dr., Archana Patel Dr., Amrita Puranik Ms., Priyanka Kuhite Dr., Yamini Pusdekar Dr., Michael J. Dibley Dr., Ashraful Alam Dr.

The Qualitative Report

Undernutrition is a major public health problem for under 5 years of age children in India. Approximately 41% and 21% of under 5 years of age children are stunted and wasted respectively. Despite the known importance of age appropriate infant and young child feeding practices for child nutrition, the rates of these practices remain poor in India. The major determinants for inappropriate IYCF practices are beliefs and knowledge of parents and caregivers. These can be effectively addressed through counselling by mobile Health technology as mobile phones are widely available and have a high penetration across the country. This formative research …