Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Engineering (13)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (7)
- Life Sciences (6)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (6)
- Medical Specialties (4)
-
- Chemistry (3)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (3)
- Risk Analysis (3)
- Aviation (2)
- Emergency Medicine (2)
- Environmental Chemistry (2)
- Environmental Engineering (2)
- Environmental Health and Protection (2)
- Environmental Sciences (2)
- Medical Sciences (2)
- Aerospace Engineering (1)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Computer Sciences (1)
- Environmental Public Health (1)
- Gastroenterology (1)
- Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces (1)
- Maintenance Technology (1)
- Medical Toxicology (1)
- Mining Engineering (1)
- Nuclear (1)
- Nuclear Engineering (1)
- Keyword
-
- Decontamination (7)
- Noise (3)
- Aerosols (2)
- Air pollution (2)
- Air sampling (2)
-
- Air sampling apparatus (2)
- Air shower (2)
- Arctic (2)
- Bioaerosol (2)
- Health risk assessment (2)
- Hearing loss (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Ototoxicity (2)
- Vibration (2)
- #afcec (1)
- A549 cells (1)
- Acoustic noise measurement (1)
- Acoustic signal processing (1)
- Acoustical properties (1)
- Aeromedical environment (1)
- Aerosol characterization (1)
- Aerosol generation (1)
- AgNPs (1)
- Air Force bases (1)
- Air velocity mapping (1)
- Air-Knife (1)
- Airflow around patients (1)
- Ambient illumination (1)
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (1)
- Antidotes (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication Type
Articles 31 - 50 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene
Field Evaluation Of Solvent-Free Sampling With Di-N-Butylamine For The Determination Of Airborne Monomeric And Oligomeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, Tiffany R. Heline
Field Evaluation Of Solvent-Free Sampling With Di-N-Butylamine For The Determination Of Airborne Monomeric And Oligomeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, Tiffany R. Heline
Theses and Dissertations
During this study, a field evaluation of a new sampling method using di-n-butylamine for the determination of airborne monomeric and oligomeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was performed. The Supelco ASSET EZ4-NCO Dry Sampler was compared to the Omega Specialty Instrument Co. ISO-CHEK sampler. Three specific questions were addressed: 1) can HDI oligomers be quantified using HPLC-MS; 2) do ASSET and ISO-CHEK samplers collect equivalent HDI monomer & oligomer concentrations; and 3) what is the relative cost of ASSET samplers verse ISO-CHEK. Side-by-side HDI air sampling was conducted during polyurethane spray painting operations. ASSET samplers were analyzed by HPLC-MS for HDI monomer …
Health Risk Assessments Of Waste Combustion Emissions Using Surrogate Analyte Models, Michael A . Schmidt
Health Risk Assessments Of Waste Combustion Emissions Using Surrogate Analyte Models, Michael A . Schmidt
Theses and Dissertations
Exposure assessments of open burn pits are often complicated by a lack of sampling equipment and resources. This research investigated the hypothesis of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a viable surrogate for particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Large-scale solid waste combustion tests resulted in linear trends between mean PM2.5 and CO2 (R2 = 0.964 - 0.989). This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using CO2 as a surrogate of PM2.5 concentration as CO2 sensors potentially provide a cost-effective solution for monitoring in lieu of expensive PM instruments. It also indicates the potential reduction …
Probabilistic Model For Laser Damage To The Human Retina, David A. Wooddell Jr.
Probabilistic Model For Laser Damage To The Human Retina, David A. Wooddell Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding how lasers interact with media during propagation is a premiere field of physics. The subject area known as laser bioeffects explores laser interactions with biological cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. This research includes laser applications used in medicine, establishes safe exposure limits for industry and academia, and generally studies the many effects of laser light on living creatures. The bioeffects community relies heavily on deterministic modeling and simulation tools to support experimental research into damage thresholds and laser effects. However, recent laser applications require a probabilistic approach to support risk management and analyses methodologies. Some probabilistic models exist, but …
Comparative Analysis Of Two Biological Warfare Air Samplers Using Live Surrogate Agents, James C. Enderby
Comparative Analysis Of Two Biological Warfare Air Samplers Using Live Surrogate Agents, James C. Enderby
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force has several high-volume biological air samplers, including the XMX/2L-MIL and the Biocapture 650. Limited information is available on either in terms of its collection of viruses and bacteria. However, previous research on the XMX/2L-MIL has determined that modifications to the secondary flow rate and the use of a virus preserving collection media may provide improved virus collection rates. In this thesis, these modifications were investigated to determine their impact on the collection of viral and bacterial aerosols. Additionally, relative collection rates were compared against those for the Biocapture 650. MS2 bacteriophage was the viral surrogate …
Influence Of Ph On The Transport Of Silver Nanoparticles In Saturated Porous Media: Laboratory Experiments And Modeling, Jason R. Flory
Influence Of Ph On The Transport Of Silver Nanoparticles In Saturated Porous Media: Laboratory Experiments And Modeling, Jason R. Flory
Theses and Dissertations
Given the ubiquity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the largest and fastest growing category of nanomaterials, and their potential for toxic effects to both humans and the environment, it is important to understand their environmental fate and transport. The purpose of this study is to gain information on the transport properties of unmodified AgNP suspensions in a glass bead-packed column under saturated flow conditions at different solution pH levels. Commercial AgNPs were characterized using high resolution transmission spectroscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy. Transport data were collected at different pH levels (4, 6.5 and 9) at …
Characterization Of Graphite Composite Material Particulates From Usaf Aircraft Maintenance Operations, Richard E. Yon
Characterization Of Graphite Composite Material Particulates From Usaf Aircraft Maintenance Operations, Richard E. Yon
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the benefits of their material properties, advanced composite materials (ACM) are increasingly being used as structural components on aircraft, especially within the United States Air Force. As a result, the potential exists for occupational exposures to structural maintenance employees while repairing and fabricating aircraft components. Two field studies were conducted for this thesis in order to characterize ACM aerosol size distribution, determine the feasibility of utilizing direct reading instruments (DRIs) in the field, and ensure workers are protected with adequate controls. In order to characterize exposure, traditional integrated air sampling and DRIs were positioned together near an ACM …
Retrospective Geospatial Modeling Of Pm10 Exposures From Open Burning At Joint Base Balad, Iraq, John P. Rinker
Retrospective Geospatial Modeling Of Pm10 Exposures From Open Burning At Joint Base Balad, Iraq, John P. Rinker
Theses and Dissertations
Predicting, determining, and linking theater-related source-specific exposures to health effects has proven difficult. The purpose of this research is to delineate retrospective exposure zones using spatially interpolated particulate air sampling point data from Joint Base Balad, create burn pit exposure isopleths from dispersion model outputs, and merge into a combined exposure model in GIS. Interpolated monitoring results and dispersion modeled results were combined to compare modeled exposures across base. Burn pit contribution to total PM10 was also modeled. The combined dispersion and interpolation map showed elevated concentrations within a 1 kilometer buffer of the burn pit. Buildings within this area …
Evaluation Of Xmx/2l-Mil Virtual Impactor Performance And Capture And Retention Of Aerosol Particles In Two Different Collection Media, Jon E. Black
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force uses the XMX/2L-MIL (XMX) high volume air sampler to collect samples for biological analysis. The XMX uses a virtual impactor to concentrate particles 1.0 to 10 μm in size into a secondary flow prior to sample collection using a liquid impinger in a collection tube. There are no known published studies regarding virtual impactor inter-instrument variability, effect of reducing the secondary flow on particle concentration, or capture and retention efficiency (CRE) of particles in the collection media performance characteristics when using the XMX. These performance characteristics were evaluated by lofting test aerosols of Arizona Road …
Development Of Optimized Guidelines For Therapeutic Strategies For Organophosphate Poisoning, Craig A. Holder
Development Of Optimized Guidelines For Therapeutic Strategies For Organophosphate Poisoning, Craig A. Holder
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphates such as nerve agents have been used on several occasions in the past to inflict harm upon military and civilian populations in various parts of the world. The threat of these chemicals use against the military and civilians continues today, and the suggested treatment guidelines available may be ineffective or possibly cause harm. The guidelines investigated during the research presented here all included the use of two antidotes, atropine and oxime. The efficacy of oximes has been questioned and it has been suggested that they may cause harm to the patient. Both atropine and oxime are issued to military …
High Volume Air Sampling For Viral Aerosols: A Comparative Approach, Casey W. Cooper
High Volume Air Sampling For Viral Aerosols: A Comparative Approach, Casey W. Cooper
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force has high volume biological air sampling equipment available including the XMX/2L-MIL and DFU-1000. Neither system has been evaluated for effectiveness in the collection of viruses. Furthermore, decontamination methods have not been evaluated for these systems after use in sampling for a viral agent. MS2 bacteriophage was used as a surrogate virus. Aerosolized MS2 was released into a 12 m3 exposure chamber. High and moderate airborne concentrations of MS2 were evaluated. Low volume impingers were used for comparative purposes as well. Samples were analyzed using plaque assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At high viral loads …
Particulate Characterization And Control Evaluation For Carbon Fiber Composite Aircraft Crash Recovery Operations, Matthew R. Ferreri
Particulate Characterization And Control Evaluation For Carbon Fiber Composite Aircraft Crash Recovery Operations, Matthew R. Ferreri
Theses and Dissertations
Within the United States Air Force (USAF) Advanced Composite Material (ACM) is gaining an increasing use in military aircraft. With the number of aircraft that have increasingly large amounts of ACM materials, the probability of an incident with one of these aircraft also increases. When such an incident occurs the aircraft needs to be disassembled, removed, and later inspected as part of the accident investigation process. This disassembly process is termed “Crash Recovery Operations.” Carbon fibers have been shown to be hazardous to human health and a pilot study raised the suspicion that nanosized aerosol may be generated during the …
Development Of A Novel Noise Delivery System For Jp-8 Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs
Development Of A Novel Noise Delivery System For Jp-8 Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous chemicals with ototoxic properties may cause hearing loss directly, potentiate noise-induced hearing loss, or produce additive effects. Of interest to the US Air Force are studies showing ototoxic effects of JP-8 jet fuel and its hydrocarbon constituents. The Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, in conjunction with the USAF, is studying the ototoxic effects of JP-8 in rats. The study requires a white noise source that is one octave band wide, centered at 8 kHz frequency, delivered from outside of exposure chambers. Sound pressure levels must be within ± 2 dB at all exposure points within …
Shelter-In-Place: Indoor Exposure Assessment During An Airborne Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear (Cbrn) Event, Robert D. Schmidtgoessling
Shelter-In-Place: Indoor Exposure Assessment During An Airborne Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear (Cbrn) Event, Robert D. Schmidtgoessling
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of Shelter-In-Place (SIP) is to reduce human exposure to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents in the event of an accidental or intentional airborne release into the outdoor environment. The Air Force Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) career field is responsible for providing hazard identification, evaluation, and control capabilities as well as executing health risk assessments to recommend appropriate courses of action to commanders pre-, trans-, and post-incident. Specifically, BE is responsible for providing sampling, identification, and quantification input to hazard prediction models and supporting evacuation plan development to provide risk-based control recommendations. This also includes providing exposure and …
Field Evaluation Of A Novel Exposure Assessment Strategy Using Respirable Coal Dust Exposures During Heat Plant Coal Receiving Operations, Timothy W. Batten
Field Evaluation Of A Novel Exposure Assessment Strategy Using Respirable Coal Dust Exposures During Heat Plant Coal Receiving Operations, Timothy W. Batten
Theses and Dissertations
An exposure assessment strategy (EAS) determines the number of samples required to characterize an occupational health exposure’s acceptability. A novel EAS (AFIT-EAS) was developed with the objective of maximizing the sensitivity for detecting unacceptable exposures, while minimizing the total number of samples needed. The purpose of this field evaluation was to use data from a comprehensive sampling campaign (SC) to compare the AFIT-EAS with two commonly used EASs: the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA-EAS) and the American Industrial Hygiene Association’s (AIHA-EAS). 10 randomly sampled replicates were selected from the SC. The number of samples selected per replicate was in …
Controlling Hazardous Noise And Dust Within The Industrial Workforce Using A Simple Barrier, Daniel D. Sweeney
Controlling Hazardous Noise And Dust Within The Industrial Workforce Using A Simple Barrier, Daniel D. Sweeney
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) has experienced a dramatic increase in hearing loss claims since 2001. Additionally, many operations within the USAF expose personnel to hazardous dust levels. Likewise, the US mining industry has difficulties controlling hazardous noise and dust exposures in underground mining. Specifically, studies have shown that coal mine longwall shearer operators are routinely exposed to noise levels at 151 percent of the allowable dose and approximately 20 percent exceed regulatory dust levels. An above ground full scale model of the underground shearing operation was developed to test the feasibility of mounting a permanent partial barrier on …
In Vitro Toxicity Of Aluminum Nanoparticles In Human Keratinocytes, Stephanie Mccormack-Brown
In Vitro Toxicity Of Aluminum Nanoparticles In Human Keratinocytes, Stephanie Mccormack-Brown
Theses and Dissertations
Nanotechnology promises to be the defining technology of the 21st century. At an annual investment of $1B, it provides significant contributions to manufacturing, medicine, energy conservation, and the environment. Nanoparticles are structures with at least one dimension in the 1 to 100 nanometer (nm) range. DoD and US Air Force interest in aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) stems from its ability to enhance combustion jet fuel, thus increasing fuel efficiency. The addition of AL NPs to JP-8 may pose a unique dermal hazard to aircraft maintenance workers. There is no published data on AL NP toxicity effects on human skin. This …
Development Of An Evaluation Methodology For Hazardous Waste Training Programs, Ryan A. Crowley
Development Of An Evaluation Methodology For Hazardous Waste Training Programs, Ryan A. Crowley
Theses and Dissertations
The Purpose of this research was to develop a methodology to measure hazardous waste training programs. The Air Force Material Command (AFMC) hazardous waste training program was used to conduct this research. To measure the effectiveness of AFMC's hazardous waste training program, the research attempted to answer four research questions. These questions addressed correlations between hazardous waste training programs and Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program (ECAMP) findings, the understanding personnel have of hazardous waste principles and concepts, the effectiveness of hazardous waste training courses, and how personnel feel about the hazardous waste training they are receiving. In addition, the …
Active Noise Control Of Stageloader Noise In Longwall Mining, Jeremy M. Slagley, Steven Guffey
Active Noise Control Of Stageloader Noise In Longwall Mining, Jeremy M. Slagley, Steven Guffey
Faculty Publications
With the large-scale mechanization inherent to the mining industry, noise-induced hearing loss remains a major concern. As part of on-going efforts to develop engineering controls to reduce noise levels in longwall mining, active noise control experiments were conducted above ground on a modified non-working stageloader. Recorded underground stageloader noise was broadcast into the above ground stageloader. The result was an average 7 dBA reduction when the active noise control was applied. These results suggest the possibility that active noise reduction can be a useful means to reduce stageloader noise if the control system can be made sufficiently rugged. The study …
A Retrospective Quantitative Assessment Of Trichloroethylene Exposure Of Workers At Aircraft Maintenance Facilities At Hill Air Force Base Through The Use Of Modeling, Anthony O. Copeland
A Retrospective Quantitative Assessment Of Trichloroethylene Exposure Of Workers At Aircraft Maintenance Facilities At Hill Air Force Base Through The Use Of Modeling, Anthony O. Copeland
Theses and Dissertations
Monte Carlo simulation and source-receptor modeling are used to estimate the TCE exposures encountered by select workers at aircraft maintenance facilities at Hill Air Force Base between 1955 and 1979. An epidemiological study of this group, a retrospective cohort study of 14,457 workers who were employed at the base for a minimum of one year between 1952 and 1956, was headed by Dr. R. Spirtas of the National Cancer Institute to evaluate mortality associated with occupational exposure. One of the major conclusions of the study was that TCE 'probably does not pose a strong carcinogenic risk for man.' In the …
A Risk Assessment Of The Health Liabilities From Exposure To Toxic Metals Found In The Composted Material Of Air Force Municipal Solid Waste, Timothy L. Merrymon
A Risk Assessment Of The Health Liabilities From Exposure To Toxic Metals Found In The Composted Material Of Air Force Municipal Solid Waste, Timothy L. Merrymon
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis assesses the risk of the health liabilities from exposure to toxic metals found in the composted material of Air Force municipal solid waste (MSW). The goal is to determine the probability that the composted MSW could be a health hazard if it were used as a soil amendment. The research limited the assessment of the exposure risk to heavy metals found in raw MSW and its resulting compost. The thesis uses reviews of present literature to examine the food and soil ingestion exposure pathways. These pathways are assessed using the heavy metal concentrations found in MSW compost and …