Maternal and Child Health Commons^™

Maternal Risk, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

This presentation to the 1991 Berzelius Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, explores the issue of maternal risk—the probability or chance of dying or being seriously injured in pregnancy—as it is used in maternal health care. This concept of risk has been a useful tool for research and medical and epidemiological education, but its use as a tool for service delivery design has been more problematic. In order to construct a risk system, one has to have reliable data on the relationships between individual characteristics and the outcome being studied—something that is difficult to develop with regard to maternal health. Furthermore the system …

Limitations Of Maternal Care To Improve Maternal Health, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

In a presentation at the 1991 Berzelius Symposium in Sweden, a Population Council researcher described the limitations of healthcare systems, specifically during pregnancy, in terms of their effect on maternal health status. These limitations stem from an inability to improve health because of social conditions—poverty and illiteracy, overwork, inequality in sexual relationships—that cannot be solved by medical interventions. Maternal ill health originates before pregnancy and endures beyond it, whereas the window of contact with women during pregnancy is small. Nevertheless, recent evaluations suggest that the impact of prenatal care is in the caring process more than any specific aspect of …

Assessment Of Maternal Substance Abuse And Neonatal Exposure, Carol Jean Dauenhauer Giese

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infants born to adolescent and young adult mothers who abuse substances, are at high risk for chemical dependency and its sequelae. There is a need to identify such infants and their mothers so that intervention will be available to them. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic approach to evaluate mothers and infants for potential drug use and improve the quality of the nurses decisions.

This research project involves two sub-projects. In Part A, a Substance Abuse Assessment Tool (SAAT) was developed. The hospital nurses used the SAAT March 1, 1990, through April 12, 1990. The incidence …

Prostitution And Hiv Infection: Women, Aids, & Activism, Polly Thistlethwaite, Zoe Leonard

Publications and Research

This "Prostitution and HIV Infection" chapter of the ACT UP/NY Women & AIDS Book Group's Women, AIDS & Activism reflects the scientific, feminist, gay, lesbian, HIV-community work that informed ACT UP/NY's activism and analysis on women and HIV infection up to 1990. Book Group members: Marion Banzhaf, Cynthia Chris, Kim Christensen, Alexis Danzig, Risa Denenberg, Zoe Leonard, Deb Levine, Samuel Lurie, Monica Pearl, Catherine Gund, Polly Thistlethwaite, Judith Walker, and Brigitte Weil. Additional members of the original Women and AIDS Handbook Group included Jamie Bauer, Heidi Dorow, Maria Maggenti, Ellen Neipris, Ann Northrop, Sydney Pokorney, Karen Ramspacher, Maxine Wolfe, and …

Festejando A La Madre Y Al Bebé En El Cuarentavo Día El Programa Post-Parto De Sfax, Tunicia, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

En esta edición de Quality/Calidad/Qualité se da información sobre un programa de planificación familiar postnatal que se lleva a cabo en el Centro Sfax del Hospital de Tunisia para Maternidad y Recién Nacidos. Este programa, desarrollado conjuntamente por el programa nacional de planificación familiar y por el personal de Maternidad, ha tenido extraordinario éxito en lograr que un mayor número de madres regresen después de seis semanas a su visita postnatal. Durante la visita, el período entre nacimientos se discute; y se ofrecen servicios de planificación familiar como medio importante para lograr tanto la recuperación y la buena salud de …

What Is The Health Impact Of Day Care Attendance On Infants And Preschoolers?, Ruth L. Berkelman, Mary Guinan, Phen B. Thacker

School of Public Health Faculty Research

The impact of various child care arrangements on the health of infants and preschool children is not known in any systematic way, yet by 1990 more than 10 million of these children may be receiving their care in day care facilities (1). Concerns over the health of these children and health practices within day care facilities have already led some States to place regulation of day care facilities under the jurisdiction of the department of health (2,3), and others are presently considering such legislation. In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recently published "Health in Day Care," a manual …

Celebrating Mother And Child On The Fortieth Day: The Sfax Tunisia Postpartum Program, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité gives information about a postnatal family planning program in the Sfax Center of the Tunisia Maternity and Newborns Hospital. This program, developed jointly by the national family planning program and the Maternity staff, has had extraordinary success in getting more mothers to return after six weeks for their postnatal visit. During the visit, the period between births is discussed; and family planning services are offered as an important means for achieving both the recovery and good health of the mother, as well as the physical and mental development of the infant. The report describes a few …

Aids In Children: An Overview Of The Medical, Epidemiological, And Public Health Problems, Ellen R. Cooper

New England Journal of Public Policy

Cases of AIDS in children under thirteen years of age have been described since 1982. Diagnosis is more difficult in children than in adults, owing to the more varied clinical presentation and the difficulty in interpretation of laboratory tests. Current diagnostic criteria of HIV infection are reviewed, as well as symptomatology, natural history, and controversies surrounding management and therapy. Without a full appreciation of the transmissibility of HIV, issues including school and day-care attendance and foster family placement remain emotionally charged. Conflicting public policies contribute to fears on the part of the general public. Because ofthe unique implications for the …

A Civil Liberties Analysis Of Surrogacy Arrangements, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this essay the author comes to the following conclusions based upon a civil liberties analysis. First, surrogacy arrangements cannot be prohibited or criminalized. Second, the state cannot ban the exchange of money for surrogacy services, provided the money is paid for conception, gestation, and birth. Money, however, cannot be paid on condition that the gestational mother waive her parental rights over the child. Third, contractual provisions that require the gestational mother to waive her parental rights or her rights to privacy and autonomy are void and unenforceable. Fourth, when the child is born, both the gestational mother and the …

Women, Children And Aids, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

More than 500 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AlDS) in children (ages I3 and under) had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control as of August , 1987. Of these children, 78% were infected perinatally by their mothers. The ratio of AIDS cases among women to AIDS cases among ; i children has remained stable at approximately 5:1 for several years. So, for the foreseeable future, we can expect that for every five reports of women with AIDS, one child with AIDS will be reported. As is the CMe with other sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS causes a disproportionately …

Correlates Of Birth Weight And Gestation Age : Baseline Data For Health Education, Adanetch Kidanemariam

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose. The study examined the correlation of maternal occupation, urinary tract infection, smoking, and working during pregnancy with infant birth weight and gestational age in order to generate baseline data for development of a health education intervention program protocol for pregnant women In the work place.

Primary Hypotheses. (1) The four maternal risk factors: (a) occupation during lifetime, (b) reported urinary tract infection, (c) cigarette smoking, (d) working, are individually and interactively correlated with infant birth weight and gestational age. (2) The effects of the interactive associations are greater on birth weight than gestational age.

Procedure. A sample of …

Factors That Influence Prepared Childbirth Couples' Use Of Epidural Anesthesia For Labor And Delivery, Terri S. Chambers

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence a Prepared Childbirth couple's decision to utilize epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery. Review of the literature indicated a high correlation between epidural use for uncomplicated labors and deliveries and a high incidence of maternal complications and low neonatal neurological and behavioral scores.

A sample of twenty-nine couples was used in this prospective, non-experimental field study for the research. Data were collected utilizing two developed demographic and factual event tools, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Tool and Spanier's Dyadic Marital Adjustment Tool.

Three hypotheses were developed and data were …

Caring Choices: Decision-Making About Treatment For Catastrophically Ill Newborns, Betty Wolder Levin

Publications and Research

Decision making for catastrophically ill newborns has recently emerged as a social issue. Advances in biomedical technology and practice, and changes in other economic, social and political factors have led to controversy about norms to guide treatment choice. While much has been written on how such decisions should be made, there has been little social science research on how such decisions are actually made.

The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate the way that clinicians think about treatment decisions for catastrophically ill newborns. The focus is on decision making with respect to the limitation of treatment in those situations …

The Social And The Emotional In The Etiology Of Childhood Lead Poisoning, Harris Chaiklin, Barbara S. Mosher

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Childhood lead poisoning has been characterized as a silent epidemic. Significant social, emotional, and economic factors play a role in its etiology. Differential intervention in this problem is predicated on understanding the relative role of these causes.

The Zinc Status Of Pregnant Vegetarian Women, Michelle J. Abu-Assal

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The zinc status of twelve lacto-ovo-vegetariah pregnant women and seventeen non-vegetarian pregnant women was evaluated. Zinc intakes were calculated from three-day dietary records and twenty-four hour dietary histories. Plasma zinc levels were drawn during the last trimester of pregnancy and approximately ten weeks postpartum. Gestational age at birth, birthweight, and APGAR scores of the infants born were obtained from the medical charts. Dietary zinc intakes for the vegetarians (10.5 ± 4.0 mg) did not differ significantly from the intakes of the non-vegetarians (10.9 ± 3.0 mg). The vegetarian last trimester plasma zinc levels (47.9 ± 12.4 mcg/dl) and postpartum plasma …

The Effect Of Post-Hospital Nursing Intervention On Success In Breastfeeding, Melinda Hoskins

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the proportion of women in the experimental group who had a successful breastfeeding experience following post-discharge nursing intervention with the proportion of women in the control group who had a successful breastfeeding experience without nursing intervention. Criteria defining success in breastfeeding were established before the study. Chi-square analysis was used to test for significance with the preset level of significance being α = 0.05. The sample comprised 25 mother-infant dyads with 12 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. Both groups were similar in type of delivery (spontaneous or …

Population Reports. Series A: Oral Contraceptives (Supplement). U.S. Morbidity And Mortality Trends Relative To Oral Contraceptive Use, 1955-1975, And Danish Morbidity Trends, 1953-1972, Department Of Medical And Public Affairs, The George Washington University Medical Center

Population Reports

No abstract provided.

Population Reports. Series J, Number 10: Family Planning Programs. Adolescent Fertility: Risks And Consequences, Department Of Medical And Public Affairs, The George Washington University Medical Center

Population Reports

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Nutrition Education On The Diet Of Pregnant Teenagers, Dorothy Whiteside

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

For optimal growth and development during the teens, there needs to be sufficient intake of food to meet the nutritional requirements. Pregnancy during that time increases the nutritional needs. Studies have shown that teenage girls generally have poor eating habits, not meeting the nutritional requirements.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether special nutrition education classes would improve eating habits of a group of pregnant teenagers. Case studies were used as the method to report the findings. A health education class in a special day program for pregnant girls was used as the setting for this study. The …

The Nutritive Value And Supplementation Of Ogi (Pap), The Major Nigerian Weaning Food, Elizabeth E. Gyaami

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of ogi, which is the national weaning food in Nigeria, and to supplement it with indigenous foods that are easily produced in Nigeria, available in the local market, locally used, and within the economic capacity of the people. The protein content of corn and ogi was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the amino acid content was determined by ionexchange chromatography. The quality of the foods was evaluated by the rat growth method and the protein efficiency ratio (PER).

Ogi and com, from which ogi is made, contained essentially …

Population Reports. Series C-D, Number 2: Sterilization. The World's Laws On Voluntary Sterilization For Family Planning Purposes, Department Of Medical And Public Affairs, The George Washington University Medical Center

Population Reports

No abstract provided.

Ua68/10/1 Sociological Symposium No. 8 – Childbirth & Infancy Life Cycle Series, Wku Sociology

WKU Administration Documents

Table of Contents:

• Hernandez, Pedro F. Catholic Church & Birth Control in Latin America
• Kovit, Leonard. Labor is Hard Work: Notes on the Social Organization of Childbirth
• McNurlen, Lewis J. Childbirth: A Family Affair
• Miller, Rita Seiden & Ron Miller. Social Values Supporting Pregnancy: Dilemma for Population Control
• Newman, John F. & William L. Graves. Neo-Natal Mortality & Socio-Economic Status
• Newman, Lucille F. The Anthropology of Birth
• Rutzen, S. Robert. Urban Life & Breast Feeding: A Sociological Analysis
• Schulz, Barbara & Richard Schulz. Family Size Preferences & Sex Composition
• Steinhoff, Patricia G., Roy G. Smith & Milton Diamond. Characteristics & …

Experimental Modification Of Attitudes Toward Birth Control, Peggy C. Hunter

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

It is apparent in both lay and professional literature that we are living in an age of social crises. Clearly the shortage of resources and the problems of pollution and poverty would be greatly ameliorated if our birth rate were controlled. Despite this, a survey of psychological literature reveals a paucity of articles on birth control. Psychologists largely have their heads in the sand with regard to research to understand factors associated with childbearing. Meanwhile, the birth rate soars on and it is increasingly obvious that something must be done.

An Exploratory Study Of Children’S Mental Health Needs In The Pact Target Area Of Southeast Portland, Richard L. Bossardt, Clifford G. Larsen

Dissertations and Theses

The original, and still primary, purpose of this study was to provide a statistical data base for a grant proposal to fund a children's mental health service agency in the PACT target area of Southeast Portland. Since the conception, the plan has been subsumed under the planning auspices of a group whose aim is to work toward expanding and consolidating mental health services in all dimensions for the Southeast Portland area. The geographical focus of this study is on that section of Southeast Portland which has been designated by the Office of Economic Opportunity as a poverty pocket because of …

North Of The Mississippi - Our Son "Geordie" Was Born At Home On Aug. 9, 1966, As We Had Planned, Rebecca Knoess

Green Revolution

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Needs In High Risk Prematures Significant To Public Health Nursing Follow-Up, Vida Francis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Experts in the field of prematurity have stressed the needs for an intensive follow-up program for premature infants after discharge from the hospital and cited the important role that public health nurses can play. It was hypothesized that there are needs of the high risk premature infant significant to public health nursing follow-up.

The descriptive survey method and an interview schedule was the selected manner for obtaining necessary data. The sample was chosen from high risk premature infants attending the Premature Clinic at the White Memorial Hospital. The selected infants had birth weights of 1,500 grams or less, were under …

The Relationship Between The Material Diet In Humans And The Health Of The Newborn Child, Carole Dallman

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study ( 1) to determine the relationship between the nutrition of the mother and the health and well being of the fetus and newborn infant; and (2) to summarize many studies and experiments done in this field from 1907 to 1961.