Maternal and Child Health Commons^™

Territorial Inequality In Health Service Delivery: Lessons From Latin America’S Federations, Agustina Giraudy, Jennifer Pribble

Political Science Faculty Publications

Access to quality healthcare varies across the national territory inside Latin American countries, with some subnational units enjoying higher-quality care than others. Such territorial inequality is consequential, as residents of particular regions face shorter life spans and an increased risk of preventable disease. This article analyzes trajectories of territorial healthcare inequality across time in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The data reveal a large decline in Brazil, a moderate decline in Mexico, and low levels of change followed by a moderate decline in Argentina. The article argues that two factors account for these distinct trajectories: the nature of the coalition that …

Disparities In The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Anaemia Among Children Aged 6–24 Months And 25–59 Months In Ethiopia, Tafere Gebreegziabher Belay, Nigatu Regassa, Micaela Wakefield, Kelly Pritchett, Susan Hawk

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Despite global efforts made to address anaemia, the prevalence remains high in most Sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, anaemia poses a very strong public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11 023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modelling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in …

Determinants Of Maternal Health Services Utility Among Adolescent Mothers In Indonesia : An Analysis Of 2017 Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey, Dewi Nuryana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia remains high with 305 death per 100,000 live birth in 2015. Approximately 36 of 1000 adolescent girls (15-19 years old) in Indonesia experienced childbirth and face the higher risk for maternal mortality than older women. The aims of this study are to assess maternal health services utility (antenatal care (ANC), delivery services, and postnatal care (PNC)) level and to identify determinants of maternal health services utility among adolescent mothers in Indonesia. The design of this study is cross-sectional survey using secondary data from 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The study population is …

Diabetes Risk Status And Physical Activity In Pregnant Women: U.S. Brfss 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, Bethany Rand

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Objective: We sought to examine differences in aerobic activity (AA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) by diabetes risk status (DRS) among pregnant women in the United States.

Background: Pregnant women without complications are advised to engage in physical activity (PA) to mitigate adverse outcomes. Differences may exist among pregnant women of diverging diabetes status in meeting national PA recommendations.

Methods: The sample (n=9,597) included pregnant women ages 18-44, who participated in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Levels of DRS were: no diabetes (ND), high risk for diabetes (HRD) due to self-reported gestational diabetes or …

Development And Validation Of A Mindful Food Parenting Instrument To Assess The Relationship Between Parent Food Practices And Children’S Dietary Outcomes, Su-Nui Escobar

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

American children’s diets are commonly recorded as deficient in nutrient rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Such diets often exceed amounts of unhealthy items such as added sugars and sweetened beverages. In addition, 23% of children are considered overweight or obese. Mindfulness techniques in parents have been correlated with improved dietary outcomes in children and a healthier family eating environment.

The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that reflects the theoretical framework drawn from current models of mindful eating, mindful parenting and mindful food parenting. The instrument is a practical tool …

Culturally Competent Interventions To Reduce Sids Rates Among Native American/Alaska Native Nations, Kathleen Hynes

Capstone Showcase

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Environmental factors can increase the risk of SIDS for infants. These environmental factors have been targeted by educational campaigns in the past in an effort to reduce SIDS rates. Such educational campaigns have been effective in reducing SIDS among the white population but not Native American/Alaska Native (NAAN) populations in the United States. This paper aims to study whether educational campaigns that incorporate NAAN traditions and take socioeconomic factors into account will more effectively reduce SIDS rates for these communities.

Methods: To obtain scholarly articles, a literature search was performed using Pubmed, Academic Search Ultimate, and Google scholar. …

Project Adkeyso: Addressing Female Genital Mutilation And Cutting In Somaliland, Ayanna Joyner

Capstone Showcase

Project Adkeyso: Addressing Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting in Somaliland

Ayanna Joyner

Faculty Advisor: Dr. Comfort Olorunsaiye

Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) is the procedure of intentionally causing injury and altering the vulva of a young girl or woman for non-medical reasons. There are four types of FGM/C however, type III or infibulation, remains the most dangerous because the procedure consists of the narrowing of the vaginal opening by creating a seal with the labia majora through stitching. With infibulation, there will be a need for further surgeries or re-infibulation, which requires reopening of the stitches covering the vagina …

Grant Proposal For Thrive: Targeting Malnutrition In Children Under-Five In Bolivia’S Indigenous Population, Leah Mccaskey

Capstone Showcase

Thrive: Targeting Malnutrition in Children Under-Five in Bolivia’s Indigenous Population

Leah McCaskey BSPH(c)

Faculty Advisor: Comfort Olorunsaiye, PhD

Malnutrition is a serious public health issue that has been linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality¹. Poor nutrition can lead to severe health issues, including stunted growth, developmental disabilities, immune deficiency, chronic fatigue, and in the most severe cases, death¹. Children under the age of five are the most vulnerable to malnutrition because of the immense nutrition requirements for physical and mental development. Bolivia has the highest prevalence of under-five malnutrition in South America, with 25 …

Oxidative Stress Analysis Of Placental Tissue In The Rupp Pregnant Rat, Natalie Ganios

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Preeclampsia is a disease associated with a vasoconstrictive phenotype due to disrupted signaling in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) relaxation pathway. The purpose of these studies is to determine the level of oxidative damage that is occurring in the placenta of the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat, which serves as a common model for preeclampsia. RUPP and SHAM placenta tissue will be examined for oxidative stress as an indicator of tissue damage associated with the pathologically induced ischemia. Oxidative stress in the placental tissue will be measured by performing the following oxidative stress assays: 8-isoprostane test, TBARS assay, …

Examining The Associations Between Addiction Severity And Prior Adverse Childhood Experiences In Pregnant Women Receiving Treatment For Opioid Addiction, Julia Gong, Diane Abatemarco, Phd, Msw

Phase 1

Introduction: Opioid use during pregnancy poses risk to both the mother and fetus, including fetal loss and pre-term birth. Prior research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a plausible antecedent to opioid abuse. However, there is insufficient understanding of the association between prior ACEs, familial history of substance use, and treatment outcomes in pregnant women receiving treatment for opioid addiction.

Methods: A retrospective chart review will be used to review data from 167 MATER patients who entered treatment between 1997 and 2017. Descriptive statistics will be utilized to characterize the study population. Regression and chi-square analyses will be conducted …

Analyzing The Attitudes, Beliefs, And Practices Of Breastfeeding Women At Maternity Care Coalition, Angela Heysel, Conor Bradley, Naima Black, Galissa Jones

Phase 1

Introduction: It is recommended that women breastfeed for twelve months because breastfeeding is an important part of infant development and maternal bonding. Research shows that despite high overall breastfeeding rates, discrepancies exist in breastfeeding rates across zip codes and race in Philadelphia. The research goal is to develop a community resource to promote breastfeeding in Philadelphia and to understand the impact race and zip code have on breastfeeding attitudes and practices.

Methods: Data was collected from residents of Philadelphia and neighboring counties through an online general population survey and focus group survey. Both surveys addressed demographics and the women’s attitudes …

Perceptions Of Centering Pregnancy At Jefferson’S Maternal Addiction Treatment, Education & Research (Mater) Program, Lindsay Caldarone, Ms, Vanessa Short, Phd, Mph

Phase 1

Introduction: Opioid use and misuse, including during pregnancy, is prevalent across the United States. Many women with opioid use disorder (OUD) face multiple barriers to care, including prenatal care. Group prenatal care, as compared to individual prenatal care, may lead to beneficial outcomes such as reduced odds of preterm birth.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the perceptions of Centering Pregnancy (CP), a group prenatal care program, among women in treatment for OUD.

Methods: The target population included women who participated in the CP program at MATER. Participants (N=6) completed a survey after the last CP session. Survey questions assessed …

Parenting Styles, Parenting Practices, And Dietary Intakes Of Preschoolers And Their Parents, Biyi Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging research efforts have focused on the role of parents in the development of dietary behaviors of their children. Parental influences play a particularly important role in determining the children’s weight and shaping children’s dietary behaviors, especially during early childhood. Parent-related determinants can be classified as two types—general parenting (parenting style) and specific parenting practices (e.g, food parenting practices). Examining the interactions between parental influences and preschoolers’ and their parental dietary behaviors and may reveal important insights into how parents influence children’s dietary behaviors. Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine the associations between parenting styles, food parenting …

Injury-Related Infant Mortality In West Virginia, 2010-2014, Wilson A. Koech

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and objective

Infant mortality in United States is high relative to other more developed nations. Therefore, there is a need to curb this trend, especially in states with high infant mortality rates. Hence, this research investigated and examined characteristics associated with injury-related infant death in West Virginia. The objective of this retrospective study was to 1) investigate maternal and infant characteristics associated with injury-related infant deaths in West Virginia, 2) examine the relationship between unintentional-injury-related infant death and rurality in West Virginia, holding other variables in the model constant, and 3) compare differences in the unintentional-injury related infant mortality …

Solidarity Vulnerability And Mistrust, Ana Rosa Linde Arias, Maria Roura, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

Background: The public health response to Zika outbreak has mostly focused on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and individual level preventative measures. This qualitative study employs a social-ecological framework to examine how macro (historical, legislative, political, socio-economic factors), meso (sources of information, social support, social mobilization) and micro level factors (individual actions, behavioral changes) interacted to influence the response and behavior of women with respect to Zika in different contexts. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out. Women were recruited through the snowball sampling technique from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. They were of different nationalities …

Too Much To Ask Too Much To Handle, Ana Rosa Linde Arias, Elisa Tristan-Cheever, Grace Furtado, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

Abstract: Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. Its consequences for pregnancies have made governments and both national and international agencies issue advice and recommendations to women. This study was designed to understand the impacts of Zika on women who were less directly affected and less vulnerable to Zika. Women were recruited from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Women perceived that public health systems placed an unfair responsibility for preventing health complications from Zika onto women who had limited …

Altered Growth Trajectory In Children Born To Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Preeclampsia, Yonglin Huang, Wei Zhang, Karen Go, Kenji J. Tsuchiya, Jianzhong Hu, Daniel W. Skupski, Sheow Yun Sei, Yoko Nomura

Publications and Research

Purpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in mothers and children. High childhood body mass index (BMI) is among their myriad of negative outcomes. However, little is known about the trajectory of the child BMI exposed to GDM and co-occurring preeclampsia from early to mid-childhood. This study examined the independent and joint impact of GDM and preeclampsia on childhood BMI trajectory.

Methods: A population-based sample of 356 mothers were recruited from OB/GYN clinics in New York. Their children were then followed annually from 18 to 72 months. Maternal GDM and preeclampsia status were …