Maternal and Child Health Commons^™

Typhoid Fever In Fiji: A Reversible Plague?, Corinne N. Thompson, Mike Kama, Shrish Acharya, Una Bera, John Clemens, John A. Crump, Aggie Dawainavesi, Gordon Dougan, W. John Edmunds, Kimberley Fox, Kylie Jenkins, M. Imran Khan, Josefa Koroivueta, Myron M. Levine, Laura B. Martin, Eric Nilles, Virginia E. Pitzer, Shalini Singh, Ratu Vereniki Raiwalu, Stephen Baker, Kim Mulholland

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Le pays des îles Fidji, avec une population d'environ 870 000 personnes, fait face à une charge croissante de plusieurs maladies transmissibles, y compris l'infection bactérienne de la fièvre typhoïde. Les données de surveillance indiquent que la fièvre typhoïde est devenue de plus en plus fréquente dans les zones rurales de Fidji et est plus fréquente chez les jeunes adultes. La transmission des organismes qui causent la fièvre typhoïde est facilitée par la contamination fécale des aliments ou de l'eau et peut être influencée par les pratiques comportementales locales dans les îles Fidji. Le Ministère fidjien de la Santé, avec …

Unintended Pregnancy By The Numbers: A Look At Kenya, Carol Mukiira, Joyce Mumah, Caroline W. Kabiru, Chimaraoke O. Izugbara

Reproductive Health

This fact sheet summarizes data collated during the development of the STEP UP Country Profile Report on Unintended Pregnancies for Kenya, which presents a range of key evidence aimed at informing readers about the trends, magnitude, determinants, and consequences of unintended pregnancy in Kenya. The data shown in this fact sheet are drawn mainly from the 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008/09 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) as well as other secondary sources.

Maternal And Newborn Health Behaviors In Rural Uttar Pradesh: Findings From Learning Phase Baseline Survey 2013, M.E. Khan, Praween Kumar Agrawal, Avishek Hazra, Anvita Dixit, Isha Bhatnagar, Jaleel Ahmad, D.N. Ahmad

Reproductive Health

The Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Project (2011–16) aims to develop and scale up evidence-based interventions to improve reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health and nutrition health behaviors by an average of 10 percentage points among marginalized populations in Uttar Pradesh, India. The goal is to reduce neonatal mortality by improving maternal and child health behaviors through developing and scaling up a package of family health interventions and strengthening the management of Behavior Change Communication using self-help groups as the platform. The project is being carried out in two phases—a learning phase covering 10 blocks and a scale-up phase covering 100 …

Coverage And Quality Of Antenatal Care Provided At Primary Health Care Facilities In The ‘Punjab’ Province Of ‘Pakistan’, Muhammad Ashraf Majrooh, Seema Hasnain, Javaid Akram, Arif Siddiqui,, Zahid Memon

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: Antenatal care is a very important component of maternal health services. It provides the opportunity to learn about risks associated with pregnancy and guides to plan the place of deliveries thereby preventing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In ‘Pakistan’ antenatal services to rural population are being provided through a network of primary health care facilities designated as 'Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers. Pakistan is a developing country, consisting of four provinces and federally administered areas. Each province is administratively subdivided in to ‘Divisions’ and ‘Districts’. By population ‘Punjab’ is the largest province of Pakistan having …

Barriers And Facilitators To Infant Feeding Among Low-Income African American Women, Cecilia E. Barbosa

Theses and Dissertations

Objective The purpose of the mixed methods study was to compare barriers and facilitators encountered by low-income African American women who engaged in different infant feeding practices. Methods Using the positive deviance approach and modified Integrated Model as theoretical frameworks, the research began with a qualitative study that informed a survey examining intention, skills, and environmental factors differentiating women’s infant feeding practices. Results Twenty-eight and 190 low-income African American adult women participated in focus groups or interviews and a survey, respectively. In the qualitative study, positive deviants, who breastfed for at least four months, seemed to have stronger breastfeeding intentions, …

Lifetime Racism And Blood Pressure Changes During Pregnancy: Implications For Fetal Growth, Clayton J. Hilmert, Tyan Parker Dominguez, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Sindhu K. Srinivas, Laura M. Glynn, Calvin J. Hobel, Curt A. Sandman

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Research suggests that exposure to racism partially explains why African American women are 2 to 3 times more likely to deliver low birth weight and preterm infants. However, the physiological pathways by which racism exerts these effects are unclear. This study examined how lifetime exposure to racism, in combination with maternal blood pressure changes during pregnancy, was associated with fetal growth. Methods: African American pregnant women (n = 39) reported exposure to childhood and adulthood racism in several life domains (e.g., at school, at work), which were experienced directly or indirectly, meaning vicariously experienced when someone …

Cultural Factors Associated With Utilization Of Antenatal Care Services In Rural India, Anjali Om

UROP Posters

Despite vast economic growth in developing countries in the past few years, infant mortality continues to plague underdeveloped regions, particularly rural regions of India. Many of these deaths are caused by a lack of education and motivation in regard to utilization of antenatal and neonatal care services to prevent and treat consequences of unhygienic umbilical cord care.

For years, high incidences of neonatal tetanus have plagued rural areas of India as a result of cultural practices that encourage topical applications of cow dung to cut umbilical stumps either directly or by using ghee heated with cow dung to warm umbilical …

Immune Responses To Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine In Children 2 To 16 Years Old In Karachi, Pakistan, And Kolkata, India, R. Leon Ochiai, M. Imran Khan, Sajid B. Soofi, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Young Ae You, Atif Habib, Shah Muhammad Sahito, Byomkesh Manna, Camilo J. Acosta, Mohammad Ali, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, John D. Clemens

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The geometric mean concentration (GMC) and the proportion maintaining a protective level (150 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units [ELU]/ml) 2 years following a single dose of 25 μg of injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine was measured against that of the control hepatitis A vaccine in children 2 to 16 years old in cluster randomized trials in Karachi and Kolkata. The GMC for the Vi group (1,428 ELU/ml) was statistically significantly different from the GMC of the control hepatitis A vaccine group (86 ELU/ml) after 6 weeks. A total of 117 children (95.1%) in the Vi group and 9 (7.5%) …

The Impact Of Implementing A Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Education Package In Jordan, Shereen Hamadneh

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a problem worldwide. In North Jordan, SIDS rate was high as 1.32 per 1,000 live births and contributed 6% to the infant mortality rate (Bataineh, Shawagfeh, & Twalbeh, 2008). However, SIDS risk factors are preventable and can be reduced by improving knowledge and changing relevant behaviours of parents and healthcare providers (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013; American SIDS Institute, 2011; Bataineh, Hussein Shawagfeh, & Twalbeh, 2008; Bredemeyer, 2004; Grazel, Phalen, & Polomano, 2010b; Moon, Oden, & Grady, 2004; NICHD, 2010). Still educating Jordanians about SIDS has not been a national health policy priority. …

Motherless Mothers: Maternally Bereaved Women In Their Everyday Roles As Mothers, Bethwyn Rowe, Bronwyn A. Harman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Motherless mothers are women who lose their mothers to death prior to having their children, and therefore raise their children without the maternal support and guidance afforded to many women whose mothers are still alive (Edelman, 2006). A qualitative research design was used to gain an in-depth understanding of the everyday experiences faced by motherless mothers. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 motherless mothers. Four major themes emerged including grief, support, absence of knowledge, and changes to self following loss. Results provide insight into the ongoing influence a mother's death can have on a daughter's life and draw distinction …