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Articles 1 - 30 of 173
Full-Text Articles in International Public Health
Sexuality Education, Eva Goldfarb, Norman A. Constantine
Sexuality Education, Eva Goldfarb, Norman A. Constantine
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Sexuality education comprises the lifelong intentional processes by which people learn about themselves and others as sexual, gendered beings from biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives. It takes place through a potentially wide range of programs and activities in schools, community settings, religious centers, as well as informally within families, among peers, and through electronic and other media. Sexuality education for adolescents occurs in the context of the biological, cognitive, and social-emotional developmental progressions and issues of adolescence. Formal sexuality education falls into two main categories: behavior change approaches, which are represented by abstinence-only and abstinence-plus models, and healthy sexual development …
Pepfar’S Declining Investment In Treatment, Matthew Kavanagh, Marguerite Thorp
Pepfar’S Declining Investment In Treatment, Matthew Kavanagh, Marguerite Thorp
Matthew M. Kavanagh
Since its inception in 2003, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has saved millions of lives through providing anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS. However, our analysis of publicly available PEPFAR operational plans shows that funding to AIDS treatment has actually fallen significantly since 2008 in both absolute dollars and as a portion of total budgets—just at a pivotal moment when investment could change the course of the epidemic.
Community-University Research Partnerships For Workers' And Environmental Health In Campinas Brazil, Maria Inês Monteiro, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Heleno Rodrigues Correa-Filho
Community-University Research Partnerships For Workers' And Environmental Health In Campinas Brazil, Maria Inês Monteiro, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Heleno Rodrigues Correa-Filho
C. Eduardo Siqueira
Three partnerships between the University of Campinas, community, and pubLic health care services are discussed in this article. A theoretical framework underpins the critical reviews of their accomplishments following criteria proposed by scholars of community-university partnerships and community-based participatory research. The article concludes that despite the significant achievements, there still remain important barriers for their development due to performance criteria that do not value research that partner with communities, health care services, or labor unions.
Economic Empowerment And Hiv Prevention Among Young Women And Girls In Kenya: Lessons From The Study Of Economic Empowerment Programs, Samantha Van Putten
Economic Empowerment And Hiv Prevention Among Young Women And Girls In Kenya: Lessons From The Study Of Economic Empowerment Programs, Samantha Van Putten
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
One of the major issues facing Kenya is HIV/AIDS. With recognition by the global community that providing women with economic opportunities can help both those who are HIV positive, as well as in prevention for those who are not infected, programs combining microfinance and HIV education have started to emerge. While women in these programs 3 3 have shown preliminary signs of success, young girls did not respond as well in part due to lack of interest in the particular programs themselves. As such, this study examines two economic empowerment programs for girls and young mothers at the non-governmental organization …
Migration, Vulnerability And Xenophobia: Central African Refugee And Asylum Seekers’ Access To Health Services In Durban, South Africa, Cathy Kaplan
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
In 1998, South Africa passed historic legislation that bridged international conventions on refugees and asylum seekers with the protections and rights defined in the South African Constitution and Bill of Rights. The 1998 refugees act defined specific rights that refugees and asylum seekers are entitled in South Africa, the most important of which include the provision of legal and immigration documentation, employment, adequate housing, and health and social services. When asylum seekers arrive in Durban, many are in the need of immediate health services as a result of long journeys, pre-existing conditions, pregnancy, or illnesses contracted in refugee camps throughout …
Infectious Disease As A Security Threat, With Particular Application To The Migration Context, Marielena Faria
Infectious Disease As A Security Threat, With Particular Application To The Migration Context, Marielena Faria
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
This paper analyzes the threat infectious diseases impose on global security, specifically in the migration context. Infectious diseases can threaten security through a variety of areas, and this paper aims to identify the global spread of infectious diseases through migration, international crises, humanitarian emergencies, HIV/AIDS, and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This paper explores global health, security, and migration in an attempt to determine if combining these three areas can be meaningful. Generally, studies approach only two of the three areas to examine a topic, but this paper will assess and point out when combining all three fields is relevant. …
Reproductive Health Education In The Kibera Slum: Developing A Slum-Specific Curriculum, Susanna Schneider Banks
Reproductive Health Education In The Kibera Slum: Developing A Slum-Specific Curriculum, Susanna Schneider Banks
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The principal objective of this Independent Study Project is to make recommendations for a slum-specific reproductive health curriculum to be used in primary schools that serve the Kibera Slum in Nairobi, Kenya. In order to obtain data and form a credible basis for the recommendations, interviews were conducted with teachers, focus groups were facilitated with students, and questionnaires were distributed to parents. Additionally, observations were made about the current state of reproductive health education at each school. Data was collected at Kibera School for Girls, a private school in Kibera, and Olympic Primary School, a public school at the edge …
Effectively Filling Gaps In Care: A Comparative Study Of Models Of Government Partnerships With Community Health Organizations In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, Madeline Ross
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
This study conducted Amatkiulu, Impendle, and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, utilizes three case studies to form a comparative analysisof the effectiveness of different models of public-private partnerships. Two expert interviews, three informal interviews, and many hours of observation inform this analysis of community health worker organizations employed through government clinics, tuberculosis tracer teams hired by government clinics, and independent non-governmental organizations heavily subsidized by the government. Subjective analysis found that the partnership between the Department of Health and a primary healthcare NGO, providing a wide range of comprehensive services, operated with the best efficiency and quality of care.
Understanding Social Marketing In A Not-For-Profit Ngo Setting: An Internship With Pace In Eastern Uganda, Veronica L. Tuerffs
Understanding Social Marketing In A Not-For-Profit Ngo Setting: An Internship With Pace In Eastern Uganda, Veronica L. Tuerffs
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The organization PACE (Programme for Accessible health, Communication and Education) focuses on generating a positive health impact throughout Uganda by the means of social marketing and other proven, evidence based techniques. An internship with the organization took place over the course of six weeks and was conducted under the A2L (Access to Life) program which is located in four of the country’s eastern districts. The focus of the health and sales communication internship was the implementation of PACE’s marketing scheme on their life-saving products and how the products and organization are perceived.
Any of the information gathered during this time …
Review Essay: Qualitative Inquiry: Critical Perspectives On Methods And Ethics, John Mazzeo
Review Essay: Qualitative Inquiry: Critical Perspectives On Methods And Ethics, John Mazzeo
John Mazzeo, Ph.D.
No abstract provided.
Hiv And Concurrent Sexual Partnerships: Modelling The Role Of Coital Dilution, Larry Sawers, Alan G. Isaac, Eileen Stillwaggon
Hiv And Concurrent Sexual Partnerships: Modelling The Role Of Coital Dilution, Larry Sawers, Alan G. Isaac, Eileen Stillwaggon
Economics Faculty Publications
Background: The concurrency hypothesis asserts that high prevalence of overlapping sexual partnerships explains extraordinarily high HIV levels in sub-Saharan Africa. Earlier simulation models show that the network effect of concurrency can increase HIV incidence, but those models do not account for the coital dilution effect (nonprimary partnerships have lower coital frequency than primary partnerships).
Methods: We modify the model of Eaton et al (AIDS and Behavior, September 2010) to incorporate coital dilution by assigning lower coital frequencies to non-primary partnerships. We parameterize coital dilution based on the empirical work of Morris et al (PLoS ONE, December …
The Community Action Framework In Practice: An Illustration Based On The Ready By 21 Coalition Of Austin/Travis County, Raphael Travis Jr., Tamara Leech
The Community Action Framework In Practice: An Illustration Based On The Ready By 21 Coalition Of Austin/Travis County, Raphael Travis Jr., Tamara Leech
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
The field of positive youth development has expanded focus from articulating and measuring desired manifestations of positive well-being to assembling the environmental conditions known to promote these desired outcomes. Evidence of the effectiveness of community-level efforts promoting positive youth development is still emerging, in particular theory-driven examples of community-driven youth development. This study examined the Community Action Framework, one theory-based community youth development model, through the experiences of the Ready by 21 Austin/Travis County coalition (RB21). The coalition connects youth-serving organizations and also regional coalitions, while promoting the positive development of area youth. Participant observation, interviewing, and archival strategies were …
The Double Threat Of Hiv/Aids And Drought On Rural Household Food Security In Southeastern Zimbabwe, John Mazzeo
The Double Threat Of Hiv/Aids And Drought On Rural Household Food Security In Southeastern Zimbabwe, John Mazzeo
John Mazzeo, Ph.D.
No abstract provided.
Introduction: Anthropologists Confront Hiv/Aids And Food Insecurity In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Mazzeo
Introduction: Anthropologists Confront Hiv/Aids And Food Insecurity In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Mazzeo
John Mazzeo, Ph.D.
No abstract provided.
The Situation Analysis Of Children And Women In Belize 2011: An Ecological Review, Mark C. Edberg, C. Chambers, D. Shaw
The Situation Analysis Of Children And Women In Belize 2011: An Ecological Review, Mark C. Edberg, C. Chambers, D. Shaw
Center for Social Well-Being and Development
No abstract provided.
Healers And Researchers: Towards A More Balanced Relationship, Gracie Tewkesbury
Healers And Researchers: Towards A More Balanced Relationship, Gracie Tewkesbury
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
In my seminar paper, I discussed the benefits for both parties of collaboration between traditional healers and modern scientific researchers. If research is done on the medicinal effects of plants, these cures can be used more safely and effectively by members of the community. This relationship is greatly beneficial in theory, but the reality is less than ideal. Researchers, especially foreign ones, depreciate and exploit the knowledge of healers, and as a result, healers are often distrustful and unwilling to collaborate. The relationship between healers and researchers potentially holds the cures to countless diseases and can contribute directly to greater …
Western Influence, Latent Racism, And Their Impact On Access To Health Care In Madagascar, Jessica Joy
Western Influence, Latent Racism, And Their Impact On Access To Health Care In Madagascar, Jessica Joy
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
While the Malagasy commemorate their Independence Day on June 26 as the day they were freed from colonization and allowed to function as their own country with their own cultures and practices, colonization and Western influence has left an indelible mark on Madagascar that continues to exert its power to this day, shaping Malagasy social behaviors, values, and lives. The introduction of the slave trade to Madagascar in the mid-1800s, as well as French colonization, has left behind a thriving latent and structural racism in the country; a Western ideal of beauty, made complete by its valorization of fair skin, …
The Benefits Of Having An Integrated Health Care System In Madagascar, Elizabeth Miller
The Benefits Of Having An Integrated Health Care System In Madagascar, Elizabeth Miller
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
For my individual research, I wanted to look into all the benefits that could be offered by collaborating allopathic and traditional healthcare systems and how such a system is accomplished in Madagascar, in order to weigh and to discover the feasibility of using integrated healthcare systems as sustainable development in other parts of the world. Furthermore, as Madagascar sets the example in my research this summer, the use of traditional and modern medicine as an integrated health care system best serves the majority of the Malagasy population for several important reasons.
“Mind The Gap” Addressing The Gap Between Health Care Policy & Health Care Reality In Madagascar & The Way Forward Integrating Traditional Medicine & Ethical Reform Within Health Care, Laura Dillon
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
At first glance the health care system in Madagascar looks pretty good. No health care system is perfect, in fact most are far from perfect, but some certainly work better than others. On paper it seems that the current system in Madagascar would be among those that “work better”. Sadly, there is oftentimes a disconnect between what a government writes on paper and what happens in reality; looking around the streets of Antananarivo it quickly became apparent that Madagascar is an example of this disconnect. You do not have to be a health care professional to see the lack of …
Principal Component Analysis Of Dietary And Lifestyle Patterns In Relation To Risk Of Subtypes Of Esophageal And Gastric Cancer, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Susan T. Mayne, Harvey A. Risch, Marilie D. Gammon, Thomas Vaughan, Wong-Ho Chow, Joel A. Dubin, Robert Dubrow, Janet Schoenberg, Janet L. Stanford, A. Brian West, Heidrun Rotterdam, William J. Blot
Principal Component Analysis Of Dietary And Lifestyle Patterns In Relation To Risk Of Subtypes Of Esophageal And Gastric Cancer, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Susan T. Mayne, Harvey A. Risch, Marilie D. Gammon, Thomas Vaughan, Wong-Ho Chow, Joel A. Dubin, Robert Dubrow, Janet Schoenberg, Janet L. Stanford, A. Brian West, Heidrun Rotterdam, William J. Blot
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Purpose
To carry out pattern analyses of dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to risk of esophageal and gastric cancers.
Methods
We evaluated risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and other gastric cancers (OGA) using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington state. Dietary/lifestyle patterns were created using principal component analysis (PCA). The impact of the resultant scores on cancer risk was estimated through logistic regression.
Results
PCA identified six patterns: meat/nitrite, fruit/vegetable, smoking/alcohol, legume/meat alternate, GERD/BMI, and fish/vitamin C. Risk of each …
The Migration Of People From The Caribbean To The Bahamas, John Mazzeo
The Migration Of People From The Caribbean To The Bahamas, John Mazzeo
John Mazzeo, Ph.D.
No abstract provided.
Results Of A Preliminary Shoreline Shellfish Sanitary Survey Near Banjul, Gambia Conducted On 18 June 2011, Kanyi Babanding, Michael A. Rice
Results Of A Preliminary Shoreline Shellfish Sanitary Survey Near Banjul, Gambia Conducted On 18 June 2011, Kanyi Babanding, Michael A. Rice
Michael A Rice
A preliminary shoreline survey was conducted along the Bund Road (frequently referred to as Bond Road) levee and the Banjul-Serrekunda Highway in the northern Tanbi Wetlands oyster harvesting area in the metropolitan Banjul area. In part this was designed as a training exercise for Gambian officials will be assuming responsibility for future shoreline surveys in the Gambia. Key identified areas of concern include the Banjul fish landing area on Bund Road utilized by a number of artisanal fishers; an over-water toilet facility for fishers near the fish landing site; evidence of illegal waste and rubbish dumping along Bund Road; an …
Cultural Definitions Of Health Care: A Case Study Of Burmese Refugees, Marielena Rose White
Cultural Definitions Of Health Care: A Case Study Of Burmese Refugees, Marielena Rose White
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
As a result of ongoing civil war and civil unrest in the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar, every year the United States accepts increasing numbers of refugees from Burma of which there is a population of significance within the greater Indianapolis area. When considering options for health care, Burmese refugees may opt for self care as opposed to care from a health care professional as a result of clashing cultural factors or fears of the unknown.
This study aims to uncover how members of the Chin ethnic group have been challenged or confronted by the social, cultural, and political institutions …
Bitewing Radiographic Evaluation Of Interproximal Carious Lesions On Permanent First Molars In 6 And 12 Year-Olds In The Public Health System Of Chile, Rodrigo Alejandro Haristoy Dr.
Bitewing Radiographic Evaluation Of Interproximal Carious Lesions On Permanent First Molars In 6 And 12 Year-Olds In The Public Health System Of Chile, Rodrigo Alejandro Haristoy Dr.
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Joint Action And Learning Initiative: Towards A Global Agreement On National And Global Responsibilities For Health, Lawrence O. Gostin, Eric A. Friedman, Gorik Ooms, Thomas Gebauer, Narendra Gupta, Devi Sridhar, Wang Chenguang, John-Arne Røttingen, David Sanders
The Joint Action And Learning Initiative: Towards A Global Agreement On National And Global Responsibilities For Health, Lawrence O. Gostin, Eric A. Friedman, Gorik Ooms, Thomas Gebauer, Narendra Gupta, Devi Sridhar, Wang Chenguang, John-Arne Røttingen, David Sanders
O'Neill Institute Papers
A coalition of civil society organizations and academics is initiating a Joint Action and Learning Initiative on National and Global Responsibilities for Health (JALI) to research key conceptual questions involving health rights and responsibilities, with the goal of securing a global health agreement andsupporting civil society and community mobilization around the human right to health. The social mobilization is critical to creating the political space that would make such an agreement possible and to ensuring its implementation.
This agreement, such as a Framework Convention on Global Health, would inform post-Millennium Development Goal global health commitments, be grounded in the right …
Une Étude Des Systèmes De Santé En France Et Aux États-Unis Et Des Leçons Que Les États-Unis Peuvent Tirer Du Système De Santé Français, Olivia A. Morin
Une Étude Des Systèmes De Santé En France Et Aux États-Unis Et Des Leçons Que Les États-Unis Peuvent Tirer Du Système De Santé Français, Olivia A. Morin
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
La Operación Y Estructura De Salud Familiar Comunitaria Intercultural En El Caso De Achocalla, Dominic Strada
La Operación Y Estructura De Salud Familiar Comunitaria Intercultural En El Caso De Achocalla, Dominic Strada
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Esta investigación se centra en la nueva política sanitaria del programa Salud Familiar Comunitaria Intercultural, su nueva administración y su aplicación en Bolivia. La Salud Familiar Comunitaria Intercultural es una política de salud social que décadas después del proceso de descentralización del poder ha puesto la responsabilidad sanitaria en manos de las comunidades. Este estudio se centra en las estructuras de Salud Familiar Comunitaria Intercultural desde el nivel municipal, hasta un total de ocho estructuras, en el municipio de Achocalla. Achocalla es un caso interesante ya que es a la vez una localidad urbana, por formar parte de los suburbios …
Libraries And Publishers Respond To Disaster With Groundbreaking Collaboration, Mary Moore Phd, Suzetta Burrows Mls, Maria Collins, Nancy Roderer
Libraries And Publishers Respond To Disaster With Groundbreaking Collaboration, Mary Moore Phd, Suzetta Burrows Mls, Maria Collins, Nancy Roderer
Faculty Research, Publications, and Presentations
The earthquake in Haiti prompted significant response from both health care workers and health sciences libraries. Individual libraries in the U.S. and elsewhere struggled to determine the best ways to support relief workers with health information resources and services. This column describes the Haiti earthquake and the response of health care workers, one organization’s experience in delivering services on the frontlines, the response of one library and its struggles to make information resources available, and the Emergency Access Initiative (EAI), an effective solution to offering information resources in times of disaster developed and implemented by the National Library of Medicine …
Female Genital Mutilation Practices In Kenya: The Role Of Alternative Rites Of Passage. A Case Study Of Kisii And Kuria Districts, Habil Oloo, Monica Wanjiru, Katy Newell-Jones
Female Genital Mutilation Practices In Kenya: The Role Of Alternative Rites Of Passage. A Case Study Of Kisii And Kuria Districts, Habil Oloo, Monica Wanjiru, Katy Newell-Jones
Reproductive Health
This research was undertaken by the Population Council to better understand female genital mutilation (FGM) as currently practiced by the Kuria and Kisii communities in Kenya. The study investigated current attitudes and practices in relation to FGM, awareness and attitudes toward the alternative rite of passage (ARP), and factors which encourage individuals to make decisions to abandon FGM. The findings show that FGM is still a celebrated public event among the Kuria, whereas in Kisii, it is a private family affair. The study suggests that the success of ARP as an approach to abandoning FGM is strongly dependent on the …
Comprehensive Responses To Sexual Violence In East And Southern Africa: Lessons Learned From Implementation, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, Monica Wanjiru, Grace Chiyaba, Kate Wilson, Felly Nkweto Simmonds
Comprehensive Responses To Sexual Violence In East And Southern Africa: Lessons Learned From Implementation, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, Monica Wanjiru, Grace Chiyaba, Kate Wilson, Felly Nkweto Simmonds
Reproductive Health
The Population Council has provided technical assistance and conducted research to strengthen the evidence base on sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) programming in sub-Saharan Africa, where countries have begun to recognize the importance of both preventing violence and responding to the needs of SGBV survivors. These activities have created an active network of partners from across sub-Saharan Africa, who are developing, implementing, and evaluating core elements of a comprehensive, multisectoral response model. This brief reports how network partners have significantly increased the evidence base on program responses: a range of successful approaches have been demonstrated for improving comprehensive services within …