Epidemiology Commons^™

Deaths Of Despair Among Cancer Survivors In Rural/Urban Appalachia (2000-2022), Jason Semprini, Anders Erickson, Nosa Osazuwa-Peters

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Rising deaths of despair (premature deaths from suicide, overdose, alcohol, and violence) in adults under age 65 persist across the United States, especially in Appalachia. People diagnosed with cancer may face elevated risks of such deaths due to pain, psychosocial distress, and financial hardship.

Purpose: Deaths of despair trends were compared among adults with cancer across Appalachian and non-Appalachian regions, stratified by sex and rurality.

Methods: Analyzing SEER-21 Incidence-Based Mortality data (2000–2022), deaths caused by suicide, cirrhosis of the liver, or accidents (includes overdose) were identified among adults aged 20–64 years. Annual mortality rates per 100,000 total population were …

Comparison Of Ecg Features, Cardiac Biomarkers, And Clinical Outcomes In Three Waves Of Hospitalized Covid-19 Pneumonia Patients With Cardiovascular Events, Yuchen Han, Jahnavi Sunkara, Tshura S Ali, Harideep Samanapally, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Fnu Deepti, Emma C. Huang, Justin J. Huang, Maiying Kong, Jiapeng Huang

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly evolving virus that can severely impact the cardiovascular system. With new variants, it is important to characterize wave-specific (defined by dominant circulating variants) clinical changes.

Methods

A multi-center retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 community acquired pneumonia at eight adult acute-care hospitals in the city of Louisville, KY was conducted. Patients hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) community acquired pneumonia who experienced a cardiovascular event between March 2020 and July 2022 were included in this analysis. Variant assignment was based on temporal prevalence rather than genomic confirmation, and …

Health Data And Policy Related To Methamphetamine-Use Suicide In Mississippi, Mary C. Drane

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research is to investigate how methamphetamine use in Mississippi, especially in its rural areas, intersects with public health, policy, and suicide outcomes in the state. Mississippi's methamphetamine crisis has evolved significantly, shifting from locally produced drugs to cartel-supplied crystal methamphetamine, while state and federal policies have struggled to keep pace with the scale and complexity of the problem. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, this research analyzed CDC Wonder multiple causes of death data and SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set Admissions (TEDS-A) data from 2018 to 2024 alongside four qualitative key informant interviews with stakeholders across …

Breast Cancer Survival Rates And Determinants In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Longitudinal Studies, Abenezer M. Tafese, Meseker T. Fentie, Beminate L. Seifu, Angwach A. Asnake, Bikiltu D. Dirbaba, Abdisa G. Jara, Elsabeth Tizazu Asare, Brandon George

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Ethiopia, accounting for 32% of new cancer cases and 17.6% of cancer deaths. Despite its growing burden, comprehensive data on survival rates and contributing factors remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing data on breast cancer survival in Ethiopia and identify key determinants influencing outcomes.

METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL to identify studies on breast cancer survival in Ethiopia published between January 2014 and August 2024. Eligible …

Exploring Factors Influencing Care And Outcome Among Stroke Patients In Tennessee, Omodele Agbejimi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in Tennessee. Socioeconomic variables influence the delivery of stroke treatment and its outcomes. Despite advances in acute stroke care, the burden of stroke keeps increasing. This study aimed to explore literature on factors contributing to stroke care and outcomes in the U.S., assess the determinants of stroke patients’ outcomes, and examine the geographical disparities in stroke hospitalization and stroke death rate and their association with stroke care accessibility in Tennessee.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using socio-ecological models to explore literature on factors contributing to stroke care and outcomes. A …

Pediatric Cancer Incidence, Temporal Trends, And Mortality In The United States By Health Disparities Indicators, Seer (1973-2014), Prachi P. Chavan, Laurens Holmes Jr.

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Pediatric cancer incidence has been increasing in the United States, despite improvement in pediatric cancer survival. This steady increase in incidence trends is not completely understood but maybe associated with social and environmental factors. In this study we aimed to assess the cumulative incidence, temporal trends, and mortality rates in pediatric cancer. Additionally, we examined sub-group variability in both incidence and mortality rates. Methods: Data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) −18 from 1973–2014 were used for the purpose of analysis in this study. Age-adjusted incidence rates were used to assess temporal trends in cancer among children aged < 1–19 years. Univariable and multivariable binomial regression models were used to examine the association between race and cancer mortality while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: There were 92,594 cancer diagnoses during this period. White children comprised 74,758, (80.7%), black children 10,030, (10.8%), and other races 6648, (7.2%). Overall the age-adjusted cumulative incidence was slightly higher among white children (16.4%) than black children (12.4%) and other (13.0%). Children aged 15–19 years and those in metropolitan regions were more likely to be diagnosed with pediatric cancer. Relative to females, males were 16% more likely to die from the disease [adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR): 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09–1.22]. Additionally, compared to white children, black children had higher mortality rates [(aRR): 1.37, 99% CI: 1.23–1.52]. Conclusions: There is an increasing trend in pediatric cancer incidence; while white children have the highest incidence, black children and males indicated a survival disadvantage, indicative of racial and sex variability in overall pediatric cancer in the United States.

Analyzing The Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Mortality Data Using Weekly Exceedance In Mortality Count And Weekly Change In Mortality Indicator: A Time Series Study, Aditya Chakraborty, Mohan D. Pant

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background and Aims

Cause-specific mortality (CSM) count prediction plays a vital role in the context of public health policy. In this study, we introduce a new analytical approach, which is divided into three phases to answer specific questions regarding CSM due to 14 specific causes by computing different simple, compound, and conditional probabilities.

Methods

A multivariate time series forecasting model was developed using the CDC weekly mortality count data. A binary data matrix was constructed for 14 causes of death (COD) as a function of weeks by combining the observed and forecasted mortalities. We introduced two new concepts: Weekly Exceedance …

Machine Learning Models For Pancreatic Cancer Survival Prediction: A Multi-Model Analysis Across Stages And Treatments Using The Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results (Seer) Database, Aditya Chakraborty, Mohan D. Pant

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, with poor prognosis and limited survival despite treatment advances. Accurate survival modeling is critical for prognostication and clinical decision-making. This study had three primary aims: (1) to determine the best-fitting survival distribution among patients diagnosed and deceased from pancreatic cancer across stages and treatment types; (2) to construct and compare predictive risk classification models; and (3) to evaluate survival probabilities using parametric, semi-parametric, non-parametric, machine learning, and deep learning methods for Stage IV patients receiving both chemotherapy and radiation. Methods: Using data from the SEER database, parametric models (Generalized Extreme Value, …

Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Dan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 Di Layanan Rawat Inap Rsud Tarakan Tahun 2022 (Association Between Hypertension And Mortality Of Covid-19 Inpatients At Tarakan Regional General Hospital In 2022), Karina Widyasari, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 was the leading disease in terms of the highest number of hospital admissions and cause of death at the Tarakan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Tarakan) in 2022. COVID-19 patients who received treatment at the hospital were often individuals with underlying conditions, such as hypertension. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on comorbidities, specifically hypertension, and its relationship to COVID-19 mortality at the RSUD Tarakan’s inpatient in 2022, so the hospital can design spesific care plans for COVID-19 patients with hypertension. …

Relative Survival, Conditional Survival, And Causes Of Death In Patients With Early Gastric Cancer, With A Focus On Differences Between Cardia And Non-Cardia Cancer, Anas Elgenidy, Omar Alomari, Mohamed Marey Hesn, Anas Khaled, Sarah A Nada, Mostafa Elsayed, Ali Mahmoud, Mohammed Al-Mahdi Al-Kurdi, Ahmed M Afifi, George Cholankeril

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Many researchers believe that cardia (CGC) and non-cardia (NCGC) are two different types of tumors, having different features like incidence rate, risk factors, geographical location, and socioeconomic status. This study aims to investigate the causes of death (COD) survival rates among early gastric cancer patients with a focus on differences between CGC and NCGC.

Methods: This retrospective study employed SEER*stat software (version 8.3.92) to analyze the SEER 17 plus dataset (2000–2019). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed. Relative survival and conditional survival post-diagnosis were calculated using R software (version 4.1.0) among the different subgroups.

Results: Within the follow-up period, …

Mortalidad Por Cirrosis En Guatemala 2018: Patrones E Inequidades, Cristian Ramírez, Luis Pablo Méndez-Alburez, María Fernanda Piedrasanta, Alejandro Cerón

Anthropology: Faculty Scholarship

El presente estudio busca analizar la mortalidad por cirrosis en Guatemala. El propósito es identificar posibles criterios epidemiológicos que orienten la priorización de acciones de salud pública. El riesgo de morir por cirrosis en Guatemala muestra marcadas desigualdades por departamento, las cuales son mayores al comparar por municipio. El riesgo de morir es también más alto en hombres, en personas mestizas o ladinas, en niveles educativos bajos, y en personas que se dedican a ocupaciones elementales. Las medidas de salud pública orientadas a los municipios y grupos en mayor riesgo son de suma importancia para la prevención de muerte por …

Residential Proximity To Oil And Gas Developments And Childhood Cancer Survival, Thanh T Hoang, Rutu A Rathod, Omar Rosales, Maria I Castellanos, Jeremy M Schraw, Elyse Burgess, Erin C Peckham-Gregory, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Michael E Scheurer, Amy E Hughes, Philip J Lupo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Environmental toxicants may impact survival in children with cancer, but the literature investigating these associations remains limited. Because oil and gas developments emit several hazardous air pollutants, the authors evaluated the relationship between residential proximity to oil or gas development and survival across 21 different pediatric cancers.

Methods: The Texas Cancer Registry had 29,730 children (≤19 years old) diagnosed with a primary cancer between 1995 to 2017. Geocoded data were available for 285,266 active oil or gas wells and 109,965 horizontal wells. The authors calculated whether each case lived within 1000 m (yes/no) from each type of oil or …

Forecasting The Effects Of Smoking Prevalence Scenarios On Years Of Life Lost And Life Expectancy From 2022 To 2050: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021, Dana Bryazka, Marissa B. Reitsma, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Abdallah H H.A. Abd Al Magied, Atef Abdelkader, Arash Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, E. S. Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Dariush Abtahi, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Niveen Me Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Mesafint Molla Adane, Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi, Ali Fatehizadeh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking prevalence has slowed in recent years for many countries, and although strategies have recently been proposed to achieve tobacco-free generations, none have been implemented to date. Assessing what could happen if current trends in smoking prevalence persist, and what could happen if additional smoking prevalence reductions occur, is important for communicating the effect of potential smoking policies. Methods: In this analysis, we use …

Adherence To A Healthful Plant-Based Diet And Risk Of Mortality Among Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study, Alysha S. Thompson, Martina Gaggl, Nicola P. Bondonno, Amy Jennings, Joshua K. O'Neill, Claire Hill, Nena Karavasiloglou, Sabine Rohrmann, Aedín Cassidy, Tilman Kühn

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Plant-rich dietary patterns may protect against negative health outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although aspects of plant-based diet quality have not been studied. This study aimed to examine associations between healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns with risk of all-cause mortality among CKD patients for the first time.

Methods: This prospective analysis included 4807 UK Biobank participants with CKD at baseline. We examined associations of adherence to both the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), calculated from repeated 24-h dietary assessments, with risk of all-cause mortality using multivariable Cox proportional hazard …

Sex Ratio At Birth Across 100 Years In Sweden And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease And All-Cause Mortality – A National Register Study, Peter M Nilsson, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist, Casey Crump, Xinjun Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The human sex ratio at birth (SRB) undergoes temporary changes around a mean proportion of 0.51 male births. SRB has been well studied for historical, geographical, and secular trends, but until now not linked to health outcomes in the total population, e.g. for cardiovascular disease (CVD) or mortality during follow-up of birth cohorts. We used linkage analysis based on national registers in Sweden that cover all births from 1900 to 2016. SRB at birth was calculated by every 10-year birth cohort in all survivors living in 1997 for a follow-up analysis of risk of CVD and mortality with data from …

Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Infection On Mortality Of Burn Patients At Public Hospital X In Jakarta: A Retrospective Study, Raja Merlinda Veronica, July Kumalawati, Cleopas Martin Rumende, Leonard Nainggolan, Marcellus Simadibrata, Hamzah Shatri, Em Yunir, Aditya Wardhana, Erni Juwita Nelwan, Musfardi Rustam

Kesmas

Susceptibility to infection and increasing antibiotic resistance put burn patients at risk of developing infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). This condition can progress to sepsis, increasing morbidity and mortality. This retrospective cohort study employed the medical record data of patients treated at Public Hospital X in Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2020 to June 2022. Of 160 subjects, most were aged <60 years (82.5%) and had comorbidities (16.88%). The most common cause of burns was fire (86.25%). The use of medical devices was 90.63%, with a 14-day median length of stay. The most common gram-negative MDRO pathogens were K. pneumoniae (29.91%), Enterobacter sp (22.32%), and Acinetobacter (20.54%); 45% of patients infected with MDRO died. The bivariate analysis found an increased risk of death due to MDRO infection in burn patients (RR 1.103; 95%CI 1.004-1.211, p-value = 0.046). After adjusting for role variables (age, comorbidities, total body surface area, use of medical devices, length of stay) and from multivariate analysis, the confounding variables for MDRO infection and mortality were length of stay and age. MDRO infection increases the mortality rate in burn patients. Mortality in burn patients due to MDRO infection is greater than non-MDRO.

Clinical Presentation And Outcomes Of Care In Adults With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pre-Covid-19 And During-Covid-19 At A Tertiary, Referral Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya, Sairabanu Sokwalla, Jasmit Shah, Sangeeta Chauhan, Reena Shah, Salim Surani, Eric Njenga, Nancy Kunyiha

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Prognosis of DKA has improved over time with the availability of evidence-based protocols and resources. However, in Kenya, there are limited resources for the appropriate diagnosis and management of DKA, mostly limited to tertiary-level referral facilities. This study aimed to review the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of adult patients admitted with DKA and assess differences in these parameters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of DKA admissions from January 2017 to December 2021. Patient data were retrieved from the medical records department using ICD-10 codes, and individual details were abstracted on clinical …

Cannabis Use Associated With Lower Mortality Among Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients Using The National Inpatient Sample: An Epidemiological Study, Joseph-Kevin Igwe, Ugo Alaribe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Prior reports indicate that modulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may have a protective benefit for Covid-19 patients. However, associations between cannabis use (CU) or CU not in remission (active cannabis use (ACU)), and Covid-19-related outcomes among hospitalized patients is unknown.

METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective observational cohort analysis of adults (≥ 18 years-old) identified from 2020 National Inpatient Sample database, we utilize multivariable regression analyses and propensity score matching analysis (PSM) to analyze trends and outcomes among Covid-19-related hospitalizations with CU and without CU (N-CU) for primary outcome of interest: Covid-19-related mortality; and secondary outcomes: Covid-19-related hospitalization, mechanical …

Postprogression Therapy And Confounding For The Estimated Treatment Effect On Overall Survival In Phase Iii Oncology Trials, Alexander D Sherry, Pavlos Msaouel, Timothy A Lin, Joseph Abi Jaoude, Ramez Kouzy, Esther J Beck, Avital M Miller, Adina H Passy, Gabrielle S Kupferman, Eugene J Koay, Clifton David Fuller, Charles R Thomas, Zachary R Mccaw, Ethan B Ludmir

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Estimations of the treatment effect on overall survival (OS) may be influenced by post-progression therapies (PPTs). It is unclear how often OS analyses account for PPT effects. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the prevalence of OS analyses accounting for PPT effects in phase III oncology trials.

Methods and analysis: We screened two-arm, superiority design, phase III, randomised, oncology trials reporting OS from ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome was the frequency of OS analyses adjusting for PPT confounding. Logistic regressions computed ORs for the association between trial-level covariates and the outcome.

Results: A total of 334 phase …

Source-Specific Nitrate Intake And All-Cause Mortality In The Danish Diet, Cancer, And Health Study, Nicola P. Bondonno, Pratik Pokharel, Catherine P. Bondonno, Dorit W. Erichsen, Liezhou Zhong, Jörg Schullehner, Kirsten Frederiksen, Cecilie Kyrø, Peter Fjeldstad Hendriksen, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Frederik Dalgaard, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Torben Sigsgaard, Christina C. Dahm, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring in both plant- and animal-sourced foods, are used as additives in the processing of meat, and are found in water. There is growing evidence that they exhibit a spectrum of health effects, depending on the dietary source. The aim of the study was to examine source-dependent associations between dietary intakes of nitrate/nitrite and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods: In 52,247 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study, associations between source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intakes––calculated using comprehensive food composition and national drinking water quality monitoring databases––and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related, and …

The Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease And All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In The Uk Biobank, Fangyu Li, Yesenia Ramirez, Yukiko Yano, Carrie R Daniel, Shreela V Sharma, Eric L Brown, Ruosha Li, Baharak Moshiree, Erikka Loftfield, Qing Lan, Rashmi Sinha, Maki Inoue-Choi, Emily Vogtmann

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a rising global prevalence. However, the understanding of its impact on mortality remains inconsistent so we explored the association between IBD and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

METHODS: This study included 502,369 participants from the UK Biobank, a large, population-based, prospective cohort study with mortality data through 2022. IBD was defined by baseline self-report or from primary care or hospital admission data. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS: A total of 5799 (1.2%) participants had a history of …

Tobacco, Alcohol And Diet As Mortality Risk Factors: The Secondary Analysis Of The 25-Year Cohort Study, Alina Egorova, Bulat Idrisov, Romany Redman, Stanislav Otstavnov, Sergey Soshnikov

Journal of Health Research

Background: Individual lifestyle risk factors have been linked to increased mortality globally; however, there is limited data on these associations in Russia. A secondary analysis of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) data was conducted to close this gap.

Methods: The secondary data have been obtained from a nationally-representative annual cohort survey conducted by the Higher School of Economics (HSE). In this original study, for the first time in Russia, we extracted RRs for researched risk factors. Of additional original value, we made a prospective-retrospective cohort based on a representative longitudinal survey and provided the deaths as outcomes for survival …

Temporal Trends And Geographic Variations In Mortality Rates From Tobacco And Firearms In The United States, Sarah A Palumbo, Robert S Levine, Janet D Robishaw, Charles H Hennekens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We explored temporal trends and geographic variations in United States of America (US) mortality rates from smoking and firearms from 1999 to 2019. To do so, we used the publicly available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) with Multiple Cause of Death files from 1999 to 2019. Using age-specific rates and ArcGIS Pro Advanced software for Optimized Hot Spot Analyses from Esri, we generated maps of statistically significant spatial clusters with 90-99% confidence intervals with the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic for mortality from smoking-related causes and firearms. These data show temporal trends …

Insurance Status And Cancer Staging, Time To Treatment, And Mortality: Examining Cancers Of The Breast, Colon, And Lung, Gabriel A. Benavidez

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: When examining cancer outcomes, timely detection and treatment are critical factors for favorable prognoses. Previous studies have shown that individuals with public health insurance, specifically Medicaid, have worse cancer outcomes than those with private insurance. While differences in socioeconomic status may account for this disparity, one potential area for further investigation is the effect of Medicaid enrollment timing on cancer outcomes. In some states, individuals may not be eligible for Medicaid until after their cancer diagnosis, potentially nullifying health insurance benefits. This analysis examines the impact of Medicaid enrollment timing on cancer outcomes by comparing patients not enrolled in …

Hospitalizations And Mortality ​With Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias Diagnosis In Georgia, 2020, Chloe Hale

Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting & Conference

More than 6 million Americans aged 65 and older are living with an Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia diagnosis (ADRD) in 2022. Data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System report that in Georgia, 1 in 9 people aged 45 and older experienced confusion or memory problems that have been getting worse over the past year.

Georgia Department of Public Health Injury Prevention Program creates a healthy Georgia through conversations and collaborations for change using data driven program building. The programs utilize Georgia’s established infrastructure, clear priorities, and the dynamic network of partnerships guided by a robust network of …

Survival Of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer In Black Women: A Society To Cell Approach In The African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (Aaces), Joellen M. Schildkraut, Courtney Johnson, Lauren F. Dempsey, Bo Qin, Paul Terry, Maxwell Akonde, Edward S. Peters, Hannah Mandle, Michele L. Cote, Lauren Peres, Patricia Moorman, Ann G. Schwartz, Micheal Epstein, Jeffrey Marks, Melissa Bondy, Andrew B. Lawson, Anthony Alberg, Elisa V. Bandera

Faculty Publications

Purpose

The causes for the survival disparity among Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are likely multi-factorial. Here we describe the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), the largest cohort of Black women with EOC.

Methods

AACES phase 2 (enrolled 2020 onward) is a multi-site, population-based study focused on overall survival (OS) of EOC. Rapid case ascertainment is used in ongoing patient recruitment in eight U.S. states, both northern and southern. Data collection is composed of a survey, biospecimens, and medical record abstraction. Results characterizing the survival experience of the phase 1 study population (enrolled 2010–2015) are presented.

Results …

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer: A Prospective Study, Zhen Lin, Yanfei Feng, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Xin Xu

Faculty Publications

The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers and inflammation-related chronic diseases. Several studies have examined the association between E-DII scores and mortality, with results that vary across populations. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between E-DII scores and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Screening Trial. E-DII scores, calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire, were analyzed both as a continuous variable and after categorization into quintiles. A multivariate Cox …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And The Risk Of All-Cause, Cardiovascular And Cancer Mortality In Men With Hypercholesterolemia, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Mark A. Sarzynski Facsm, Nicole Gribben, Jiajia Zhang Ph.D., Carl J. Lavie

Faculty Publications

Background: Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) confers protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with manifest hypercholesterolemia is poorly understood. Methods: Participants were 8920 men aged 20–82 years with hypercholesterolemia but no history of CVD and/or cancer and who received a preventive examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, USA, during 1974–2001. CRF was quantified as maximal treadmill test duration and was grouped for analysis as low, moderate, or high based on the traditional Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study cutpoints. Using Cox regression analyses, we computed hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of mortality based on CRF. Results: …

Years Of Life Lost Associated With Covid-19 Deaths In The Usa During The First 2 Years Of The Pandemic, Troy Quast, Ross Andel, Sean Gregory, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Prior estimates of the years of life lost (YLLs) in the USA associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were 1.2 million through 11 July 2020 and 3.9 million through 31 January 2021 (which roughly coincides with the first full year of the pandemic). The aim of this study is to update YLL estimates through the first 2 years of the pandemic.

Methods: We employed data regarding COVID-19 deaths through 5 February 2022 by jurisdiction, gender and age group. We used actuarial life expectancy tables by gender and age to estimate YLLs.

Results: We estimated roughly 9.7 million YLLs due …

Comparing Outcomes For Community-Acquired Pneumonia Between Females And Males: Results From The University Of Louisville Pneumonia Study, Pavani Nathala, Simrat Sarai, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Mahder A. Tella, Stephen P. Furmanek, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Male sex is currently considered to be a risk factor for worsened community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) outcomes compared to female sex; hence, female sex equates to a lower score on the Pneumonia Severity Index. There is no recent update on sex-based outcomes of patients with CAP. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of CAP between females and males.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the University of Louisville Pneumonia Study database. It was a prospective population-based cohort study of all hospitalized adults with CAP who were residents of Jefferson County in the city of Louisville, …