Epidemiology Commons^™

Pakistan Study Of Premature Coronary Atherosclerosis In Young Adults (Pak-Sehat): A Prospective Longitudinal Study Protocol Investigating The Prevalence, Severity And Determinants Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease In The Young Adult Pakistani Population, Bashir Hanif, Sana Sheikh, Ghazal Peerwani, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Wajiha Javed, Jaffer Bin Baqar, Zainab Samad, Faiza Bashir, Salim S. Virani, Khurram Nasir

Section of Cardiology

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and health expenditures worldwide. Despite having higher ASCVD in the Pakistani population, data on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in young Pakistanis remain scarce. The PAKistan Study of prEmature coronary atHerosclerosis in young AdulTs (PAK-SEHAT) aims to assess the prevalence, severity and determinants of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among Pakistani men (35-60 years) and women (35-65 years) free of clinically symptomatic ASCVD and will assess 5-year rates of ASCVD events.
Methods and analysis: PAK-SEHAT is an ongoing prospective cohort study with 2000 participants from all provinces of Pakistan who will be …

Inequalities In The Use Of Secondary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease By Socioeconomic Status: Evidence From The Pure Observational Study, Adrianna Murphy, Benjamin Palafox, Owen O'Donnell, David Stuckler, Pablo Perel, Khalid F. Alhabib, Alvaro Avezum, Xiulin Bai, Jephat Chifamba, Romaina Iqbal

Community Health Sciences

Background: There is little evidence on the use of secondary prevention medicines for cardiovascular disease by socioeconomic groups in countries at different levels of economic development.
Methods: We assessed use of antiplatelet, cholesterol, and blood-pressure-lowering drugs in 8492 individuals with self-reported cardiovascular disease from 21 countries enrolled in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Defining one or more drugs as a minimal level of secondary prevention, wealth-related inequality was measured using the Wagstaff concentration index, scaled from -1 (pro-poor) to 1 (pro-rich), standardised by age and sex. Correlations between inequalities and national health-related indicators were estimated.
Findings: The …

Dna Methylation Signatures Of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Are Associated With Complex Diseases, Symen Ligthart, Carola Marzi, Stella Aslibekyan, Michael M. Mendelson, Karen N. Conneely, Toshiko Tanaka, Elena Colicino, Lindsay L. Waite, Roby Joehanes, Weihua Guan, Jennifer A. Brody, Cathy Elks, Riccardo Marioni, Min A. Jhun, Golareh Agha, Jan Bressler, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness, Brian H. Chen, Tianxiao Huan, Kelly Bakulski, Elias L. Salfati, Whi-Empc Investigators, Giovanni Fiorito, Charge Epigenetics Of Coronary Heart Disease, Simone Wahl, Katharina Schramm, Jin Sha, Dena G. Hernandez, Allan C. Just, Jennifer A. Smith, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation reflects a subclinical immune response implicated in the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Identifying genetic loci where DNA methylation is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation may reveal novel pathways or therapeutic targets for inflammation.

Results: We performed a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), which is a sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation, in a large European population (n = 8863) and trans-ethnic replication in African Americans (n = 4111). We found differential methylation at 218 CpG sites to be associated with CRP (P < 1.15 × 10^–7) in the discovery panel …

Gene By Bmi Interactions Influencing C-Reactive Protein Levels In European-Americans, Sarah Tudor

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker indicating tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. High-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) is an emerging biomarker often used to estimate an individual’s risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD). hsCRP levels falling below 1.00 mg/l indicate a low risk for developing CHD, levels ranging between 1.00 mg/l and 3.00 mg/l indicate an elevated risk, and levels exceeding 3.00 mg/l indicate high risk. Multiple Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genetic polymorphisms which influence CRP levels. SNPs implicated in such studies have been found in or near genes of interest including: CRP, APOE, APOC, IL-6, …

Socioeconomic Status And Coronary Heart Disease Mortality In The City Of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1996 To 2007), Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Cardiovascular And Cancer Mortality In Brazil, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Cancer are not surpassing Cardiovascular Diseases. Here you have an evaluation of mortality in Brazil. The debate was ignited by paper from IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) that forecasts cancer deaths surpassing heart diseases rates during de 2020’s. There is no dispute about the fact that - at least in the US and other countries - the decline of mortality deaths for heart diseases presenting a faster pace compared to cancer death rates. It is an epidemiological evidence that must be analyzed and some headline fueling hype as “heart diseases as an old agenda of public health and …

Diabetes And All-Cause And Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Us Male Physicians, Paulo A. Lotufo, Joann E. Manson

Paulo A Lotufo

Background: While diabetes has long been associated

with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), the

magnitude of risk of diabetes-related CHD is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of diabetes and prior

CHD on all-cause and CHD mortality.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 91 285 US

male physicians aged 40 to 84 years, participants were

divided into 4 groups: (1) a reference group of 82 247

men free of both diabetes and CHD (previous myocardial

infarction and/or angina) at baseline, (2) 2317 men

with a history of diabetes but not CHD, (3) 5906 men

with a history …

Alcohol Consumption And Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease By Diabetes Status, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Background—An inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been observed in several epidemiological studies. To assess whether a similar association exists among diabetics, we examined the relation between light to moderate alcohol consumption and CHD in men with and without diabetes mellitus in a prospective cohort study. Methods and Results—A total of 87 938 US physicians (2790 with diagnosed diabetes mellitus) who were invited to participate in the Physicians’ Health Study and were free of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or liver disease at baseline were followed for an average of 5.5 years for death with …

Premature Mortality From Heart Diseases In Brazil. A Comparison With Other Countries[Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Chronic diseases have been the main cause of mortality in the Brazilian metropolitan areas since 1960. Circulatory diseases are the main causes of chronic diseases. The aim was to compare the heart disease related premature deaths in Brazil with other countries in 1984-87. Methods: We studied the deaths from the official mortality statistics from eight metropolitan areas with good assurance of information: Belém, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba, Porto Alegre. Death causes analyzed were coronary heart disease (410-414); and heart diseases [ischemic heart disease (410-414) plus heart failure (428) plus, hypertension (401-404)]. The population was …