Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Asma Pada Anak Indonesia: Penyebab Dan Pencetus, Ika Dharmayanti, Dwi Hapsari, Khadijah Azhar

Kesmas

Asma merupakan penyakit kronis yang dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup. Hingga saat ini, jumlah penderita asma semakin meningkat termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asma dan pencetus asma pada anak usia 6 - 14 tahun di Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013 di 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Variabel bebas adalah karakteristik responden, faktor lingkungan, dan perilaku merokok anak dan orangtua. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki, kondisi sosial ekonomi rendah, riwayat asma pada orangtua, anak yang merokok atau pernah merokok, dan orangtua yang merokok …

Profil Rujukan Kasus Nonspesifik Pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Primer, Elda Nazriati, Nuzelly Husnedi

Kesmas

Salah satu indikator kualitas fasilitas kesehatan tingkat primer (FKTP) adalah rendahnya rujukan nonspesialistik. Rujukan nonspesialistik adalah rujukan dari 144 penyakit yang seharusnya dapat diatur di FKTP. Kenyataannya, masih banyak kasus nonspesialistik yang dirujuk ke fasilitas kesehatan sekunder. Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan penyebab kasus penyakit nonspesialistik yang dirujuk ke fasilitas kesehatan tingkat sekunder di Kota Pekanbaru. Gambaran kasus penyakit nonspesialistik dikumpulkan dari data Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan Kota Pekanbaru periode Desember 2014 - April 2015, sedangkan faktor penyebab rujukan diperoleh dari focus group discussion yang diikuti oleh 40 dokter berdasarkan …

Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Bagoes Widjanarko

Kesmas

Kabupaten Grobogan merupakan kabupaten dengan peningkatan kasus HIV/AIDS cukup tajam dibandingkan kabupaten lain di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi stigma masyarakat terhadap orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) dan faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian explanatory ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan studi potong lintang dengan sampel berjumlah 300 kepala keluarga yang dipilih menggunakan sampel acak proporsional pada tiga kelurahan dengan kasus HIV tertinggi selama Agustus - September 2014. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara tatap muka menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan kai kuadrat, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Sebagian besar responden adalah laki-laki dengan tingkat pendidikan terbanyak sekolah …

Pola Konsumsi Dengan Terjadinya Sindrom Metabolik, Suhaema Suhaema, Herta Masthalina

Kesmas

Terjadinya sindrom metabolik diduga berhubungan dengan pergeseran gaya hidup masyarakat yang berubah menuju masyarakat modern, dari mengonsumsi makanan tradisional beralih ke makanan instan dan kebaratbaratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi sindrom metabolik dan determinannya dari pola konsumsi, meliputi konsumsi sayur dan buah serta pola makan makanan manis, asin, berlemak, lauk hewani berpengawet, dan penggunaan penyedap. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari analisis lanjut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013 dengan desain potong lintang. Jumlah sampel setelah pembobotan adalah 1.878.578 orang dengan kriteria berusia 18 tahun ke atas. Pengumpulan data pola konsumsi, antropometri, klinis, dan biomedis telah dilakukan. Analisis data menggunakan …

Peran Kepemimpinan, Modal Sosial, Akses Informasi Serta Petugas Dan Fasilitator Kesehatan Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan, Endang Sutisna Sulaeman, Bhisma Murti, Waryana Waryana

Kesmas

Faktor internal komunitas yang berperan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan adalah kepemimpinan dan modal sosial, sedangkan faktor eksternal komunitas yang berperan adalah akses informasi kesehatan, petugas dan fasilitator kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis peran kepemimpinan, modal sosial, akses informasi kesehatan, petugas, dan fasilitator kesehatan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif melalui metode studi kasus terpancang. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan di Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur dengan mengambil dua desa, yaitu Desa Bulus di Kecamatan Bandung dan Desa Tanggul Kundung di Kecamatan Besuki tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran kepemimpinan …

Ketidaktepatan Sasaran Jamkesmas Berdasarkan Kriteria Miskin Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial, Umi Luthfiah, Ery Setiawan, Sindu Setia Lucia

Kesmas

Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas) hingga tahun 2010 mencapai 76,4 juta jiwa mencakup masyarakat miskin dan tidak mampu, sedangkan peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah (Jamkesda) mencapai 31,6 juta jiwa. Secara prinsip, program Jamkesda dibentuk untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat miskin dan kurang mampu di luar kuota Jamkesmas yang dibiayai oleh pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau ketepatan sasaran peserta program Jamkesmas berdasarkan kriteria miskin Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial (PPLS). Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2012. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga di Indonesia tahun 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah rumah tangga terpilih dari masing-masing …

Efektivitas Ovitrap Bambu Terhadap Jumlah Jentik Aedes Sp Yang Terperangkap, Wiwit Aditama, Zulfikar Zulfikar

Kesmas

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh merupakan daerah endemik DBD dengan meningkatnya angka kejadian dan case fatality rate setiap tahun. Insiden tertinggi DBD berada di Kecamatan Baiturrahman dengan angka kejadian 120 per 100.000 penduduk dan tertinggi kedua adalah Kecamatan Jaya Baru dengan angka kejadian 84 per 100.000 penduduk. Keberadaan larva Aedes sp di masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes sp yang terperangkap pada masing-masing wadah ovitrap (tempurung kelapa, gelas plastik, dan potongan bambu) serta tingkat kepadatan jentik …

Efektivitas Collaborative Governance Dalam Pelayanan Komprehensif Berkesinambungan Untuk Menanggulangi Hiv/Aids, Argyo Demartoto

Kesmas

Di tingkat nasional dan daerah telah terdapat kebijakan publik, program dan kegiatan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS, namun jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS meningkat setiap tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas collaborative governance antarpemangku kepentingan dalam pelayanan komprehensif berkesinambungan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus jenis exploratory. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 2 Juli – 2 September 2013 dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, focus group discussion, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberi dan penerima layanan berperan dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sesuai tugas dan fungsinya masing-masing. Program pencegahan …

Isolation Of Mycobacterium Avium From Potable Water In Homes And Institutions Of Patients With Hiv Infection In Finland And The United States, Matti Ristola, Robert D. Arbeit, C. Fordham Von Reyn, C. Robert Horsburgh

Dartmouth Scholarship

Symptomatic disease by nontuberculous mycobacteria has been linked to potable water from institutional and domestic potable water systems. Potable water samples were collected from homes and institutions of patients with AIDS. Colonization of potable water with nontuberculous mycobacteria was demonstrated in 230 (15%) of 1489 samples collected from domestic and institutional water systems of patients with HIV infection in the United States and Finland. Mycobacterium avium was the most common species and colonization was favored at temperatures of 40–50°C in recirculating hot water systems. Such systems are a plausible source of human infection and disease.

Wecan Implementation For Parents Of At-Risk Hispanic Adolescents In Middle School, Shannon Leigh Devita

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Abstract

CDC-reported childhood obesity rates have tripled in the past three years. Among children in grades five, seven and nine, 30% are overweight or obese, with Hispanic students more likely to be overweight than White students. This evidence-based project examined the effectiveness of NHLBI’s WeCan! for at-risk middle-school-age Hispanic children and parents. The program was implemented at school in two weekly sessions, and its effectiveness was evaluated using the WeCan! survey. The program resulted in improved knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes related energy balance, portion size, healthy foods, physical activity, and screen time and may be useful in other school settings.

Jefferson's New Smoking Policies: Steps Toward A Healthier Work Environment, Russell K. Mcintire Phd,Mph, Amber Bowie Mph Student

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of On-Campus Composting Among Undergraduate College Students, Ashleigh Beben

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Composting among college students can promote a healthy environment and encourage the appropriate disposal method for generated organic wastes. The purpose of this study was to observe composting behaviors and attitudes among students and foster an increase in knowledge of suitable composting behavior in on-campus dining halls. Questionnaires containing questions related to composting behavior and knowledge, demographics, and place of residence were distributed to 140 James Madison University (JMU) undergraduate students. Of those students 26.4% were males and 73.6% were females. Freshmen made up 77.9% of the sample followed by sophomores making up 14.3% of respondents. The sample was made …

Gold Mining And Unequal Exchange In Western Amazonia: A Theoretical Photo Essay, Gordon L. Ulmer

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

I combine fieldwork photography and ethnographic documentation of gold mining in Madre de Dios, Peru, to examine the localized material, social, environmental, and health outcomes of the global gold boom. This 'theoretical photo essay’ examines how local and global forces coalesce around gold mining and influence peoples and environments in Western Amazonia. I use embodiment theory in anthropology, ecological economics, and theories of underdevelopment to understand local consequences of the global gold trade and to elucidate how opulence and the machinations of capital accumulation in economic centers of the world occur at the expense of human lives and environments in …

Portland Bicycle Share Health Impact Assessment, Nicole A. Anderson

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The findings of this project have shown the potential health impact for implementing a bike share program in Portland, including improved air quality and rates of physical activity for bike share users. The recommendations to create the most health-conscious bike share program include basic requests of the bike share vendors that will provide the program to Portland including: recommending the use of helmets, distributing bike share stations throughout the City, tracking bicycle crashes, tracking minutes of physical activity, etc. The findings and recommendations show the importance of a potential bike share program, while creating a program that is safe and …

Rush To Judgment: The Sti-Treatment Trials And Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Eileen Stillwaggon, Larry Sawers

Economics Faculty Publications

Introduction: The extraordinarily high incidence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa led to the search for cofactor infections that could explain the high rates of transmission in the region. Genital inflammation and lesions caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were a probable mechanism, and numerous observational studies indicated several STI cofactors. Nine out of the ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, failed to demonstrate that treating STIs could lower HIV incidence. We evaluate all 10 trials to determine if their design permits the conclusion, widely believed, that STI treatment is ineffective in reducing HIV incidence.

Discussion: Examination of the …

Adolescent Girls, Human Rights And The Expanding Climate Emergency, Holly G. Atkinson, Judith Bruce

Publications and Research

Many adolescent girls—the poorest girls in the poorest communities—already live in an “emergency.” Humanitarian crises only amplify the call on their coping and caring capacities, while exacerbating their vulnerabilities. The frequency and intensity of emergencies, including natural disasters, conflicts, and infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola, appear to be growing.¹ These emergencies threaten entire communities and whole countries, often with global implications. Many become virtually permanent. The authors urge key actors responding to both the threats and opportunities that climate change poses to understand adolescent girls as exceptionally at risk on the one hand, and as exceptionally resilient and …

Body Of Knowledge: Field Use Of Direct-Reading Instruments For Detection Of Gases And Vapors, Cheryl L. Marcham, Et Al.

Publications

AIHA and its members and volunteers worked collaboratively to develop the technical framework, known as the Body of Knowledge (BoK), that outlines the knowledge and skills a competent person should possess and be able to demonstrate when operating direct-reading instruments (DRIs) for detection of gases and vapors.

Statement And Action Agenda From The Girls In Emergencies Collaborative, Omar Robles, Judith Bruce, Holly G. Atkinson, Dale Buscher, Karen Scriven, Kristin Kim Bart, Shelby French, Judithe Registre, Audrey Anderson

Publications and Research

Many adolescent girls—the poorest girls in the poorest communities—already live in an “emergency.” Humanitarian crises only amplify the call on their coping and caring capacities, while exacerbating their vulnerabilities. The frequency and intensity of emergencies, including natural disasters, conflicts, and infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola, appear to be growing. These emergencies threaten entire communities and whole countries, often with global implications. Many become virtually permanent.

Full-Range Public Health Leadership, Part 1: Quantitative Analysis, Erik L. Carlton, James W. Holsinger Jr., Martha Riddell, Heather M. Bush

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Workforce and leadership development are central to the future of public health. However, public health has been slow to translate and apply leadership models from other professions and to incorporate local perspectives in understanding public health leadership.

PURPOSE: This study utilized the full-range leadership model in order to examine public health leadership. Specifically, it sought to measure leadership styles among local health department directors and to understand the context of leadership in local health departments.

METHODS: Leadership styles among local health department directors (n = 13) were examined using survey methodology. Quantitative analysis methods included descriptive statistics, boxplots, …

Environmental Health News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Persistence of Enteric Markers in Sewage Polluted Water

Identifying Cases Of Undiagnosed, Clinically Significant Copd In Primary Care: Qualitative Insight From Patients In The Target Population, Nancy K. Leidy, Katherine Kim, Elizabeth D. Bacci, Barbara P. Yawn, David M. Mannino, Byron M. Thomashow, R. Graham Barr, Stephen I. Rennard, Julia F. Houfek, Meilan K. Han, Catherine A. Meldrum, Barry J. Make, Russ P. Bowler, Anna W. Steenrod, Lindsey T. Murray, John W. Walsh, Fernando Martinez

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Many cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are diagnosed only after significant loss of lung function or during exacerbations.

AIMS: This study is part of a multi-method approach to develop a new screening instrument for identifying undiagnosed, clinically significant COPD in primary care.

METHODS: Subjects with varied histories of COPD diagnosis, risk factors and history of exacerbations were recruited through five US clinics (four pulmonary, one primary care). Phase I: Eight focus groups and six telephone interviews were conducted to elicit descriptions of risk factors for COPD, recent or historical acute respiratory events, and symptoms to inform the …

The Impact Of A Community Garden On A Local Township, Mariah E. Reitz

Undergraduate Distinction Papers

Due to increasing food insecurity and food deserts, community gardens can increase the accessibility for those under-served populations. These community gardens can help with the mental and physical health of the public. The goal of this research is to determine if a community garden will benefit a smaller community like that of a suburban Township and to use these trends to increase community health education and availability, social cohesion, and overall health behaviors and practices. A survey evaluated overall consumption of fruits and vegetables, affordability of healthy foods, and education on the consumption of these foods as well as assessing …

Environmental Health News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Key Determinants of the Fungal and Bacterial Microbiomes in Homes

Race/Ethnic Disparities In Treatment Patterns Among Newly Diagnosed Primary Prostate Cancer Patients In Florida, Vonetta L. Williams

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Study Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there were differences in patterns of care between African American (AA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer in Florida, and how the treatment patterns compare with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) initial treatment recommendations.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS), to identify incident cases of prostate cancer diagnosed between 1982 and 2012. The variables of interest included: race/ethnicity, marital status, age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, tumor grade, year of diagnosis, and treatment modality …

Fast Food: A Source Of Exposure To Phthalates And Bisphenol A In A Nationally Representative Sample, Cassandra Phillips, Susanna Mitro, Ami R. Zota

GW Research Days 2015

Background: Certain phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are industrial chemicals widely used in consumer products that can adversely impact human health. Diet is hypothesized to be a major source of exposure but little is known about the impact of specific food sources. This study aims to investigate the association between fast food consumption with human exposure to high-molecular weight phthalates (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and BPA, in 8876 participants, aged 6 to 85 years old, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2010.

Methodology: During the NHANES mobile exam, participants: 1) provided a spot urine …

Ulaanbaatar’S Ger District Issues: Changes And Attitudes, David Engel

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Several of Ulaanbaatar’s current issues are directly related to Ulaanbaatar’s sprawling Ger District. The Ger District is home to approximately 736,000 residents, 61% of Ulaanbaatar’s population (Galimbyek, 2015). The significant growth in Ulaanbaatar is shown by its 52.8% of residents who were born outside of the city, the majority of migrants moving into the Ger District due to a lack of housing. (Chilkhaasuren & Baasankhuu, 2012). The development of Ulaanbaatar has not kept up with the rapid growth leading to inadequate infrastructure in much of the Ger District. In turn, inadequate infrastructure has lead to high pollution levels, negatively affecting …

Healthy Options: A Community-Based Program To Address Food Insecurity, Amy B. Dailey, Audrey Hess, Camille Horton, Emily Constantian, Salma Monani, Betsy Wargo, Kim Davidson, Kathy Gaskin

Center for Public Service Research

The objectives of this study are to better understand the lived experience of food insecurity in our community and to examine the impact of a community-based program developed to increase access to local, healthy foods. Participants were given monthly vouchers to spend at local farmers’ markets and invited to engage in a variety of community activities. Using a community-based participatory research framework, mixed methods were employed. Survey results suggest that most respondents were satisfied with the program and many increased their fruit and vegetable consumption. However, over 40% of respondents reported a higher level of stress over having enough money …

Environmental Health News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Key Determinants of the Fungal and Bacterial Microbiomes in Homes

Identifying Individual Risk Factors And Documenting The Pattern Of Heat-Related Illness Through Analyses Of Hospitalization And Patterns Of Household Cooling, Michael T. Schmeltz, Grace Sembajwe, Peter J. Marcotullio, Jean A. Grassman, David U. Himmelstein, Stephanie Woolhandler

Publications and Research

Background
As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events researchers and public health officials must work towards understanding the causes and outcomes of heat-related morbidity and mortality. While there have been many studies on both heatrelated illness (HRI), there are fewer on heat-related morbidity than on heatrelated mortality.

Objective
To identify individual and environmental risk factors for hospitalizations and document patterns of household cooling.

Methods
We performed a pooled cross-sectional analysis of secondary U.S. data, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Risk ratios were calculated from multivariable models to identify risk factors for hospitalizations. Hierarchical modeling was also …

Determinan Perilaku Tes Hiv Pada Ibu Hamil, Nanik Setiyawati, Niken Meilani

Kesmas

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan salah satu sorotan dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Ibu hamil dengan HIV akan berisiko menularkan kepada bayinya. Tes HIV merupakan gerbang pembuka status HIV yang sangat penting dilakukan pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil yaitu tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi kerentanan diri tertular HIV, sikap, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) dan ketersediaan sumber informasi (keluarga dan kader kesehatan). Jenis penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan metode survei. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron dan Puskesmas Sleman yang telah memiliki …