Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Environmental Perspective For System Dynamics Modeling Of Stunting Mitigation To Achieve The Sustainable Development Goals In West Sumatra, Indonesia, Elsa Yuniarti, Nabila Azzahra, Yulhendri Yulhendri, Heldi Heldi, Mery Delvina, Saskia Putri Azeli

Kesmas

This study developed a system dynamics model to simulate stunting reduction in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by integrating infant and toddler health, maternal health, and environmental determinants. Secondary data from 2020–2024 on low birth weight, immunization, malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal chronic energy deficiency, iron and folic acid supplement distribution, sanitation, and safe drinking water access were compiled from West Sumatra Provincial Health Office and Statistics Indonesia, and validated through consultation with five stakeholder institutions. Causal Loop Diagrams mapped feedback relationships among determinants and were translated into Stock Flow Diagrams using Powersim Studio 10. The model was validated through structural verification, …

Analysis Of Infectious Waste Management In Hospital X Based On The Minister Of Health Regulation Number 02 Of 2023, Carissa Gianika

Cities and Urban Development Journal

Background: Infectious waste management is a crucial aspect in preventing cross-infection and protecting the hospital environment. Hospitals, as healthcare facilities with high levels of medical activity, generate large amounts of infectious waste that can potentially pose health and environmental risks if not managed according to standards. Hospital X, South Jakarta, as a referral hospital with a high patient volume.

Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of infectious waste management at Hospital X, South Jakarta based on the provisions of Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023, and to identify the obstacles faced in its implementation.

Methods: This …

The Relationship Between Access To Basic Safe Drinking Water And Under-Five Mortality In Indonesia: An Ecological Study, Jasmin Jadevra Fezantino, Raquel Amanda Salmasari, Hanania Carrisa, Zahra Annisaa Hudaya

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Infant mortality remains a worrying public health issue, particularly in areas with poor access to drinking water and sanitation. In 2020, Papua Province recorded an infant mortality rate of 49.04 per 1,000 live births and West Papua 47.23. These figures are far above the national average. This study aims to determine the relationship between access to safe drinking water and infant mortality rates in provinces in Indonesia. This study used an ecological design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey and the 2023 Directorate of Public Health. The analysis was descriptive and followed by a Spearman correlation test. …

Spatial Mapping Of Malaria Cases And Risk Factors Of Its Spread In West Java Province In 2019: An Ecological Study, Nazhira Haliza Putri, Azkia Afiatun Najah Wahyudi, Suhayla Bilqisth Abdi, Mutmainnah Mutmainnah, Nasywan Grananda Rahmantoro, Grace Napitupulu

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Malaria is a significant health problem in Indonesia, especially in West Java Province which is at high risk due to its population density and environmental conditions. The incidence of malaria is associated with climate factors (rainfall, humidity, and air temperature). This study aims to study the spatial mapping of malaria cases and their relationship with climate factors. This study used an ecological study design. Secondary data from the West Java Health Office and the West Java Central Statistics Agency in 2019. Univariate and bivariate analysis with the study population covering the entire population of West Java, with a sample of …

Factors Affecting The Incidence Of Stunting In Sawangan Subdistrict, Depok City, In 2023, Amanda Salsabila, Shaumi Maghfira Lamakampali, Erin Shafa Jasmine, Vera Putri Pranoto, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Primasti Nuryandari Putri

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Stunting remains a major problem in Indonesia, particularly in Depok City, West Java. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing stunting in Sawangan District. The study design used is a cross-sectional study, analyzing test variables such as stunting incidence, maternal characteristics (age, education, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, and personal hygiene), and toddler factors (exclusive breastfeeding status and LBW incidence) using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. The analysis shows that maternal personal hygiene and LBW incidence in toddlers significantly influence stunting incidence. Other factors, such as age, education, and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, …

Association Between Cooking Fuel Type And The Incidence Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Toddlers In Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Based On 2017 Sdki Data, Ghina Puspa, Meiravigliosi Hermawan, Nuha Rafida Yumna

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) remains a major health problem among toddlers in Indonesia and is closely related to exposure to indoor air pollution. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the type of cooking fuel used by households and the incidence of ARI in toddlers in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design based on data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample included 196,804 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, namely having complete information on the type of cooking fuel and ARI symptoms. The independent variable was the type of cooking fuel divided …

The Relationship Between The Physical Quality Of Household Drinking Water And The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Toddlers In Central Papua Province Based On 2023 Ski Data: A Cross- Sectional Study, Dicky Mahendra Zaglul Zaglul

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Diarrhea among children under five remains a significant public health problem, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water, such as Central Papua Province. The physical quality of household drinking water is often used as an initial indicator of water safety; however, its association with diarrhea incidence among under-five children is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the physical quality of household drinking water and the occurrence of diarrhea among children under five in Central Papua Province using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design was applied using …

Environmental Contamination Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus In Primary Care Clinics: Implications For Occupational Safety, Subki Ahmad, Normah Awang, Ermie Abdull Hamid, Anuar Ithnin, Nurul Farahana Kamaludin, Noraizah Muhd Nor

Kesmas

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are major contributors to healthcare-associated infection, yet data from primary care clinics remain limited. This study assessed environmental contamination in eight clinics in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and evaluated associated environmental factors. Samples were collected from environmental surfaces and equipment in Medical Officer and Patient Treatment Rooms, then cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Environmental parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, air movement, and room density, were measured. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and multiple linear regression analyses. MRSA was detected on 19.8% of environmental surfaces (patient treatment beds (47.3%) and side …

Risk Factors Of Leptospirosis Among Agricultural Workers In Southeast Asia: Literature Review, Ronggo Adi Wibowo, Wawa Najwa Nurzakia, Meirany Sasitha Kirana, Yulia Arthemisia Wijaya, Jasmine Ayumaharani Sekaryudha, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Rosita Dwi Jayanti

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The agricultural sector is the primary source of livelihood for communities in Southeast Asia; however, these activities increase the risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Southeast Asia is one of the regions with the highest incidence of leptospirosis in the world. This literature review aims to identify risk factors for leptospirosis among agricultural workers in Southeast Asia. The search for research articles utilized three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using a descriptive approach based on literature review and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 9,800 articles were screened for …

Factors Affecting Irritant Contact Dermatitis Among Horticulture Farmers In Semarang District, Indonesia, Maria Goretti Catur Yuantari, Haikal Haikal, Dewi Susanna

Kesmas

Irritant contact dermatitis is a common condition among farmers, but its underlying causes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with irritant contact dermatitis among horticulture farmers in Semarang District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 427 farmers using a validated, reliable structured questionnaire. The results indicated complaints of dermatitis related to contact with irritants. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Analysis revealed that sex, personal hygiene habits, education level, and the number of pesticide types used were significantly associated with irritant contact dermatitis. Female farmers were less likely to develop irritant …

Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian Vaksinasi Polio Pada Anak Usia 0 - 59 Bulan Di Wilayah Cakupan Vaksinasi Tinggi (Dki Jakarta) Dan Rendah (Di. Yogyakarta), Mayla S. Zahrie, Zakianis Zakianis, Budi Haryanto, Yulia Fitria Ningrum

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Polio vaccination coverage in Indonesia was uneven across provinces. Based on data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Profile, the coverage of complete oral polio vaccination for infants in Indonesia reached 91,7%, while polio injection vaccination reached only 46,8%. DKI Jakarta was one of the regions with high oral polio vaccination coverage (101.7%), whereas DI Yogyakarta was among the regions with low oral polio vaccination coverage (73.3%). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with polio vaccination among children under five years old in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta in 2017 using IDHS data from 2017. The study used a …

Analisis Spasial Sebaran Kejadian Diare Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim Di Kota Batam Tahun 2020-2023, Syofetim Esther Novi Triyanti

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity in coastal regions. Batam City is highly vulnerable to climate change. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall, air humidity, population density, safe drinking water facilities, and access to latrines with the incidence of diarrhea and the spatial distribution based on climate factors in Batam City from 2020 to 2023. The study used an ecological study design with subdistricts as the unit of analysis. Aggregate secondary data were obtained from the Batam City Public Health Office, Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Batam City, and NASA POWER. The analysis of the data included univariate …

Environmental Health Risks To Children In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Of Evidence And Gaps In Global Interventions, Tadius C. Chitambwe, Dewi Susanna

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) children experience a disproportionate burden of environmental health risks, contributing to over half of global under-five deaths despite representing only 27% of live births ¹. This scoping review synthesised evidence from sixty-seven (67) eligible studies (2010–2025) to map out environmental exposures affecting children (0–18 years) in Sub-Saharan Africa, and to identify gaps in global interventions. Included studies focused on children (0-18 years) in SSA, addressed one or more of the four predefined environmental exposure domains (air pollution, WASH, toxic chemicals, climate-related risks), and reported on child health outcomes or interventions. Guided by the PRISMA and Arksey …

Hubungan Faktor Iklim, Faktor Polutan Dan Faktor Sosioekonomi Terhadap Proporsi Pneumonia Balita Provinsi Dki Jakarta Tahun 2013 – 2022, Fayza Chairunnisa Permana, Zakianis Zakianis, Laila Fitria, Erni Pelita Fitratunnisa

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

In 2022, the Province of DKI Jakarta ranked fourth with the highest coverage of pneumonia in toddlers (53.2%), exceeding Indonesia's toddler pneumonia coverage (38.78%). Pneumonia is influenced by various risk factors, including environmental factors such as climate and weather conditions as well as air pollution, and social and behavioral factors such as toddler characteristics, parental socioeconomic status, and access to health care services. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between climate factors (air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and air pressure), pollutant factors (PM₁₀, SO₂, CO, O₃, NO₂), and parents' socioeconomic …

Hubungan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Dengan Prevalensi Diabetes Melitus Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta Tahun 2022, Nurcholiza Hayati, Zakianis Zakianis, Al Asyary, Yulia Fitria Ningrum

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. According to Riskesdas (2018), Jakarta has the highest prevalence rate at 2.6%. Objective: To analyze the relationship between green open spaces, socio-economic factors, demographics, and physically active residents with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Method: An ecological study design with the unit of analysis is districts and the population consisting of 44 districts in DKI Jakarta Province in 2022. The dependent variable is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the independent variables include education, employment status, population density, gender, age, physically active residents, the area of green …

Hubungan Antara Personal Hygiene, Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Dan Kepadatan Hunian Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan Pada Warga Binaan Di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas Ii Jakarta, Zihan Kamila Maharani, Laila Fitria, Budi Hartono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Environmental-based diseases are often found in environments with poor sanitation and low personal hygiene, including in Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). This study aims to examine the relationship between personal hygiene, environmental sanitation conditions, and housing density with the incidence of environmentally based diseases among the residents of LPKA Kelas II Jakarta. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 31 participants selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between length of stay and the incidence …

Evaluasi Keselamatan Alat Permainan Edukatif (Ape) Dan Penataan Area Bermain Outdoor Di Dua Taman Kanak-Kanak, Auri Willyado, Novrikasari Novrikasari, Mona Lestari, Dina Waldani, Desheila Andarini

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Educational Play Equipment (APE) is one of the facilities provided by Early Childhood Education (PAUD) institutions to support the learning process through play. This study aims to assess the compliance of APE and the arrangement of outdoor play areas with the 2018 Guidelines for Managing PAUD Classroom Space, SNI 9169:2023, the Ministry of Education and Culture’s 2021 Safe APE Guidelines for Early Childhood, and Ministerial Regulation No. 3 of 2022. The study employs a qualitative design with a descriptive approach through facility observations, interviews with teaching staff, and a review of school documents. The data analysis process includes data reduction, …

Efektivitas Dan Keberterimaan Madcom Noise Protection Sebagai Alat Pelindung Pendengaran Berbasis Perlindungan Ganda, Ahmad Athif Wahyu Ramadhan, Yamtana Yamtana, Naris Dyah Prasetyawati, Sigid Sudaryanto

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Industrial environments often generate high noise levels due to the continuous operation of machinery and production equipment. Persistent exposure to workplace noise exceeding the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) can lead to noise-induced hearing loss. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 430 million people worldwide require rehabilitation for hearing impairment, with 109.4 million of these cases occurring in Southeast and Central Asia. As a critical component of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management, noise control is often implemented using Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an earplug-earmuff combination, developed as Madcom Noise Protection, …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Concerning Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene And Related Diseases Among University Students In Malaysia, Renee Ng Jeffrey, Aida Soraya Shamsuddin, Farah Diyana Ariffin, Aziemah Zulkifli

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are fundamental components of public health, being crucial in preventing disease transmission and promoting healthy living environments. In this context, university students play an essential role as future professionals and community advocates in fostering proper hygiene behaviors and preventing disease outbreaks. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in regard to WASH among individuals, particularly university students, is crucial for promoting proper hygiene behaviors. This study aimed to assess the KAP in regard to WASH and related diseases among undergraduate students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

Methods: …

Emission Characterization And Health Risk Assessment Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Automotive Painting In Thailand, Vanitchaya Kultan, Sarawut Thepanondh, Jutarat Keawboonchu, Nattaporn Pinthong, Wissawa Malakan

Kesmas

The automotive industry is a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, particularly from solvent-based painting processes. This study evaluated VOC characteristics and distribution to assess associated health risks for workers and communities at varying distances from automotive painting facilities in Thailand, focusing on stacks and wastewater treatment plants that handle solvent-containing wastewater. The findings revealed aromatic compounds were predominant (66% of the total emissions), followed by oxygenated VOCs (26%). The stacks mainly emitted aromatics such as toluene and ethylbenzene, whereas the wastewater released oxygenated VOCs, particularly methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. The exposure concentrations in each …

Risk Assessment Of Salmonella Spp. Exposure Among Chicken Farm Workers In Phatthalung Province, Southern Thailand, Nutthajit Onmek, Nongyao Mueangdee

Kesmas

This study examined the risk of Salmonella spp. exposure among chicken farm workers by evaluating occupational health management practices. The probability of exposure was determined by assessing the number of contamination points. Sampling for Salmonella spp. contamination was conducted at 7 and 45 days of chicken batches across five areas, alongside evaluation of worker behaviors to assess exposure risk. Three of the 12 large closed-system farms, each housing >10,000 chickens, were selected. Results indicated that boots were the most contaminated items. Workers generally adhered to habitual boot-wearing, which reduced the risk of exposure. Moderate levels of workers' exposure prevention practices, …

Potential Biological Hazards In Health Clinics: Key Strategies For Enhancing Worker Safety In Malaysia, Subki Ahmad, Normah Awang, Ermie Abdull Hamid, Anuar Ithnin, Nurul Farahana Kamaludin, Noraizah Muhd Nor

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Biological hazards in health clinics may lead to acute or chronic health issues for healthcare workers. This study aims to identify potential biological hazards within health clinics, with a focus on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers, in order to improve their safety.

Methods: Samples from environmental surfaces were collected and cultured to identify bacterial pathogens. A cross-sectional study involving 203 healthcare workers was conducted using a questionnaire derived from CDC-adapted guidelines. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression were used to assess KAP.

Results: Bacterial growth was observed in all clinics. The Kruskal-Wallis Test …

Risk Factors Of Acute Gastroenteritis And The Implementation Of Community-Based Total Sanitation In Banyuwangi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Citra Al Karina, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Budi Utomo, I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: In Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia, diarrhea remains a major health problem, even though the community-based total sanitation (CBTS) program has been implemented for ten years. This household survey study aimed to identify the risk factors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to evaluate the implementation of CBTS in Banyuwangi Regency.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency. Characteristic data from patients with AGE were collected from the two primary healthcare working areas, followed by collecting data of their family members and CBTS in their houses. Data were obtained through interviews and direct observation. The CBTS evaluation results …

Assessment Of Covid-19 Risks Related To Behaviour And Body Resistance In The Remote Area: Case Study In Jeneponto, Basri Basri, Andi Tilka Muftiah Ridjal, Lukman Setiawan, Renaldi M

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

COVID-19 has posed significant global health threats, with responses varying across populations due to differences in risk perception, behaviour, and biological vulnerability. In Indonesia, most research has focused on urban settings, with limited attention paid to rural or remote communities. This study assesses COVID-19- risks related—specifically behavioural and immunity-related-factors—in the remote area of both Bontoramba Subdistrict, Jeneponto Regency. A cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling across eight villages, with 183 participants selected from a total of 12,242 households. Data were collected between November to December 2020 using a validated structured questionnaire, administered both online and face-to-face interviews. The …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Validation Of Ranas-Based Instrument For Measuring Latrine Use Behavior In Indonesia, Vera Yulyani, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Iswanto Iswanto

Kesmas

Using toilets is a simple way to prevent diarrhea, yet no validated tool exists to measure this habit. This study aimed to develop and validate instruments for measuring latrine use consistency. This questionnaire was adapted from the risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) framework developed in India and modified for Indonesia. It was evaluated by three experts using the content validity index (CVI). The face validity index (FVI) was pilot-tested on 40 community respondents. Variables measured included behavior, habits, intentions to use toilets, knowledge, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation. Question items with relevance and clarity scores of item CVI …

Socioeconomic Status, Environmental Health Knowledge, And Housewives’ Behavior In Maintaining Healthy Housing At Subsidized Flats In East Jakarta, Indonesia, Alfitra Firizkia Luthfiana Dewi, Laila Fitria

Kesmas

Healthy behavior among housewives is a crucial aspect of efforts to maintain healthy housing. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of socioeconomic status (e.g., household income, level of education of family head and housewives, and family head’s occupation) and environmental health knowledge with housewives’ behavior (e.g., vector control, waste management, home ventilation, cigarette smoking, and hand sanitation hygiene) in maintaining healthy housing in the subsidized flats in East Jakarta, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study employed the two-proportion hypothesis test formula and a simple random sampling method, recruiting 137 housewives for interviews. Data were analyzed via logistic regression to determine factors …

Hubungan Penggunaan Jenis Bahan Bakar Untuk Memasak Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Balita Di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara Tahun 2017, Maharani Karina Setiawan, Salwa Zalfa Elyanto, Aisyah Muthia Darajat, M. Nanda Putra Pratama Sm

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in toddlers are certainly still a significant public health problem with environmental factors affecting them, such as air pollution from the burning of the fuels used, namely charcoal, wood and kerosene. This study aims to analyze the relationship between household fuel use and the incidence of ISPA in toddlers, especially in North Kalimantan Province (Kaltara) using data from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) in 2017. The research design used a cross-sectional study, data analysis was carried out descriptively using a table then followed by chi square data analysis to determine the relationship between the variable …

Pengaruh Media Ceramah, Kipas Dan Poster Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Junk Food Pada Remaja Awal, Lulu' Luthfiya, Mufidatul Khoiriyah, Hafidhotun Nabawiyah, Kartika Pibriyanti, Ladya Mayu Pinasti

Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan : Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior

Background. Consuming excess junk food lead to degenerative diseases and cause various nutritional problems. This is due to the lack of information regarding the dangers of junk food in teenagers from education media. Fan media and posters as a media intermediari for delivering information related to the dangers of junk food in adolescents.

Aim. This study conducted to determine the effect of educational media of lecturer fan and poster) on knowledge of junk food in adolescents.

Method. The study was conducted by quasi-experimental method with a pre-post test group design. Sample was 174 respondents that divided into …

The Relationship Between The Use Of Piped Drinking Water And Diarrhea: Data From The 2017 Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey (Idhs), Afifah Azharadipta, Azizah Meutia Putri Ianam, Nadya P. Febriana, Pratiwi Haryani

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Access to clean water remains a global challenge. According to the World Health Organization, in 2020 unsafe water and poor sanitation contributed to approximately 485,000 deaths annually due to diarrhea; one of the leading causes of child mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In Indonesia, UNICEF reported that nearly 70% of household drinking water sources are contaminated with fecal matter, increasing the risk of diarrhea, particularly among children under five. This study aims to analyze the association between the use of piped drinking water and the incidence of diarrhea among children under five in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was …

Hubungan Ketersediaan Fasilitas Jamban Sehat Di Rumah Tangga Terhadap Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Menurut Analisis Data Sdki Tahun 2017 Di Wilayah Pedesaan Papua, Edgina Dhafia Callista, Arina Qonita, Bonyca Verlina, Pratiwi Pamarta Endah Jatmika

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Diarrhea is a disease that commonly affects toddlers and is one of the top causes of death among children aged 1–59 months. In pedesaan areas, diarrhea remains a serious public health issue, with recorded cases reaching as high as 17,811. Purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the availability of healthy toilet facilities in households and the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers. The research used a cross-sectional study design, utilizing secondary data obtained from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI). A total of 222 samples that met the predetermined inclusion criteria were selected through random …