COVID-19 Commons^™

Timing Of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation And Death In Critically Ill Adults With Covid-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study, Adam Green, Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, Christa Schorr, Phil Dellinger, Jonathan D Casey, Isabel Park, Shruti Gupta, Rebecca M Baron, Shahzad Shaefi, Krystal Hunter, David E Leaf

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To investigate if the timing of initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with mortality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data for this study were derived from a multicenter cohort study of critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to ICUs at 68 hospitals across the US from March 1 to July 1, 2020. We examined the association between early (ICU days 1-2) versus late (ICU days 3-7) initiation of IMV and time-to-death. Patients were followed until the first of hospital discharge, death, or 90 days. We adjusted for confounding using a multivariable Cox …

Risk Of Depression In A Suburban Primary Care Setting Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Carman H Whiting, Pouran Yousefi, Jude K A Des Bordes, Nahid J Rianon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Major depression is a common disorder affecting millions of adults each year. Many population-based surveys showed an increase in the number people with symptoms of depression at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to determine and compare the prevalence of depression risk in a primary care setting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on retrospective review of medical records from a large suburban primary care clinic. Records of adults 18 years and older, seen between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 and who had also been screened for …

Risk Factors For Sars-Cov-2 Transmission In Close Contacts Of Adults At High Risk Of Infection Due To Occupation: Results From The Contact Tracing Strategy Of The Covida Epidemiological Surveillance Study In Bogotá, Colombia, In 2020-2021, Andrea Ramírez Varela, Sandra Contreras-Arrieta, Guillermo Tamayo-Cabeza, Leonardo Salas Zapata, Yuldor Caballero-Díaz, Luis Jorge Hernández Florez, Andrés Patiño Benavidez, Rachid Laajaj, Fernando De La Hoz, Giancarlo Buitrago Gutierrez, Silvia Restrepo, Eduardo Behrentz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in close contacts of adults at high risk of infection due to occupation, participants of the CoVIDA study, in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

SETTING: The CoVIDA study was the largest COVID-19 intensified sentinel epidemiological surveillance study in Colombia thus far, performing over 60 000 RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study implemented a contact tracing strategy (via telephone call) to support traditional surveillance actions performed by the local health authority.

PARTICIPANTS: Close contacts of participants from the CoVIDA study.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 testing results were obtained (RT-PCR with CoVIDA …

Incidence Of An Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Young Individuals: Is It Type 1 Diabetes?, Massimo Pietropaolo, Peter Hotez, Nick Giannoukakis

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Pancreatic ACE2 receptor expression, together with increased prevalence of insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggested that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pancreatic infection might trigger a β-cell-selective inflammation precipitating autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined T1D incidence in patients with COVID-19 inside a large, global population using a "big data" approach. The incidence in 0-30-year-old patients with confirmed COVID-19 over an ∼15-month period from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with an age-matched population without COVID-19 inside the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network (>80 million deidentified patient electronic medical records globally). …

Association Of Initial Sars-Cov-2 Test Positivity With Patient-Reported Well-Being 3 Months After A Symptomatic Illness, Lauren E Wisk, Michael A Gottlieb, Erica S Spatz, Huihui Yu, Ralph C Wang, Benjamin H Slovis, Sharon Saydah, Ian D Plumb, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Juan Carlos C Montoy, Samuel A Mcdonald, Zhenqiu Lin, Jin-Mann S Lin, Katherine Koo, Ahamed H Idris, Ryan M Huebinger, Mandy J Hill, Nicole L Gentile, Anna Marie Chang, Jill Anderson, Bala Hota, Arjun K Venkatesh, Robert A Weinstein, Joann G Elmore, Graham Nichol, Inspire Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Long-term sequelae after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection may impact well-being, yet existing data primarily focus on discrete symptoms and/or health care use.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient-reported outcomes of physical, mental, and social well-being among adults with symptomatic illness who received a positive vs negative test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was a planned interim analysis of an ongoing multicenter prospective longitudinal registry study (the Innovative Support for Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry [INSPIRE]). Participants were enrolled from December 11, 2020, to September 10, 2021, and comprised adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute symptoms suggestive …

Factors Associated With Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Natalia I Heredia, Michael Machiorlatti, Belinda M Reininger, Candace Robledo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted individual physical activity levels. Less is known regarding how factors such as sociodemographic and built environment were associated with physical activity engagement during the pandemic. Understanding these factors is critical to informing future infectious disease mitigation policies that promote, rather than hinder physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of physical activity levels during the beginning of the pandemic (April-June 2020), including Stay-at-Home length and orders, neighborhood safety, and sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS: Data included 517 participants who responded to an anonymous online survey. Physical activity was assessed with a modified Godin …

Evaluation Of Mrna-1273 Vaccine In Children 6 Months To 5 Years Of Age, Evan J Anderson, C Buddy Creech, Vladimir Berthaud, Arin Piramzadian, Kimball A Johnson, Marcus Zervos, Fredric Garner, Carl Griffin, Khozema Palanpurwala, Mark Turner, Jeffrey Gerber, Richard L Bennett, Kashif Ali, Madhavi Ampajwala, Gary Berman, Jennifer Nayak, Carey Chronis, Barbara Rizzardi, William J Muller, Christopher A Smith, George Fuchs, Daniel Hsia, Joanne E Tomassini, Dianne Delucia, Caroline Reuter, Barbara Kuter, Xiaoping Zhao, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Daniela Ramirez Schrempp, Kelly Hautzinger, Bethany Girard, Karen Slobod, Roderick Mcphee, Rolando Pajon, Anne Aunins, Rituparna Das, Jacqueline M Miller, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Kidcove Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine in young children are unknown.

METHODS: Part 1 of this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 was an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of the selected dose. In part 2, we randomly assigned young children (6 months to 5 years of age) in a 3:1 ratio to receive two 25-μg injections of mRNA-1273 or placebo, administered 28 days apart. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine and to determine whether the immune response in these …

Cardiovascular Outcomes In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease And Covid-19: A Multi-Regional Data-Linkage Study, Emilie J Lambourg, Peter J Gallacher, Robert W Hunter, Moneeza Siddiqui, Eve Miller-Hodges, James D Chalmers, Dan Pugh, Neeraj Dhaun, Samira Bell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Data describing cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. We compared cardiovascular outcomes of patients with and without COVID-19, stratified by CKD status.

METHODS: This retrospective, multi-regional data-linkage study utilised individual patient-level data from two Scottish cohorts. All patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Cohort 1 between 1 February 2020 and 31 March 2021 and in Cohort 2 between 28 February 2020 and 8 February 2021 were included.

RESULTS: Overall, 86 964 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2. There were 36 904 patients (mean±sd age 61±21 …

Usefulness Of A Perfusion Balloon For Intraprocedural Stent Thrombosis In A Patient With St-Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Cardiogenic Shock, Taro Takeyama, Yukiko Mizutani, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Kota Yamada, Hidehiko Nakamura, Shiro Nakahara, Isao Taguchi

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Intraprocedural stent thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of reperfusion therapy for acute coronary syndrome. There is currently no consensus on the intraprocedural management of intraprocedural stent thrombosis. It is difficult to attain thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3, particularly in cases of cardiogenic shock. A 49-year-old man who presented with anterior ST-segment elevated acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention to diffuse proximal lesions in the left anterior descending artery under the support of intra-aortic balloon pumping. Intraprocedural stent thrombosis occurred following the postdilations with a 3.5- × 38-mm everolimus-eluting stent. Despite administration …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths In Texas, Karima Lalani, Christine Bakos-Block, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Sarah Cohen, Bhanumathi Gopal, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States was facing an epidemic of opioid overdose deaths, clouding accurate inferences about the impact of the pandemic at the population level. We sought to determine the existence of increases in the trends of opioid-related overdose (ORO) deaths in the Greater Houston metropolitan area from January 2015 through December 2021, and to describe the social vulnerability present in the geographic location of these deaths. We merged records from the county medical examiner's office with social vulnerability indexes (SVIs) for the region and present geospatial locations of the aggregated ORO deaths. Time series analyses …

Association Of Mrna Vaccination With Clinical And Virologic Features Of Covid-19 Among Us Essential And Frontline Workers, The Heroes-Recover Network, Mark G Thompson, Sarang K Yoon, Allison L Naleway, Jennifer Meece, Thomas P Fabrizio, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Jefferey L Burgess, Manjusha Gaglani, Lauren E W Olsho, Allen Bateman, Jessica Lundgren, Lauren Grant, Andrew L Phillips, Holly C Groom, Elisha Stefanski, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Katherine Ellingson, Karen Lutrick, Kayan Dunnigan, Meredith G Wesley, Kyley Guenther, Angela Hunt, Josephine Mak, Kurt T Hegmann, Jennifer L Kuntz, Adam Bissonnette, James Hollister, Spencer Rose, Tyler C Morrill, Karley Respet, Ashley L Fowlkes, Matthew S Thiese, Patrick Rivers, Meghan K Herring, Marilyn J Odean, Young M Yoo, Matthew Brunner, Edward J Bedrick, Deanna E Fleary, John T Jones, Jenna Praggastis, James Romine, Monica Dickerson, Sana M Khan, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Shawn Beitel, Richard J Webby, Harmony L Tyner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Data on the epidemiology of mild to moderately severe COVID-19 are needed to inform public health guidance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between 2 or 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and attenuation of symptoms and viral RNA load across SARS-CoV-2 viral lineages.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study of essential and frontline workers in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Utah with COVID-19 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing and lineage classified by whole genome sequencing of specimens self-collected weekly and at COVID-19 illness symptom onset. This analysis was conducted among 1199 participants with SARS-CoV-2 …

Measurement Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens In Plasma Of Pediatric Patients With Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Using An Ultrasensitive And Quantitative Immunoassay, George B Sigal, Tanya Novak, Anu Mathew, Janet Chou, Yubo Zhang, Navaratnam Manjula, Pradeepthi Bathala, Jessica Joe, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Daniel Romero, Gabriella Allegri-Machado, Jill Joerger, Laura L Loftis, Stephanie P Schwartz, Tracie C Walker, Julie C Fitzgerald, Keiko M Tarquinio, Matt S Zinter, Jennifer E Schuster, Natasha B Halasa, Melissa L Cullimore, Aline B Maddux, Mary A Staat, Katherine Irby, Heidi R Flori, Bria M Coates, Hillary Crandall, Shira J Gertz, Adrienne G Randolph, Nira R Pollock, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in blood has high sensitivity in adults with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but sensitivity in pediatric patients is unclear. Recent data suggest that persistent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigenemia may contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens in blood of pediatric patients with either acute COVID-19 or MIS-C using ultrasensitive immunoassays (Meso Scale Discovery).

Methods: Plasma was collected from inpatients (< 21 years) enrolled across 15 hospitals in 15 US states. Acute COVID-19 patients (n = 36) had a range of disease severity and positive nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR within 24 hours of blood collection. Patients with MIS-C (n = 53) met CDC criteria and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR or serology). Controls were patients pre-COVID-19 (n = 67) or within 24 hours of negative RT-PCR (n = 43).

Results: Specificities of N and S assays were 95-97% and 100%, respectively. In acute COVID-19 patients, N/S plasma assays …

Relationship Between Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease And Death And Cardiovascular Outcomes In Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Alexi Vasbinder, Chelsea Meloche, Tariq U Azam, Elizabeth Anderson, Tonimarie Catalan, Husam Shadid, Hanna Berlin, Michael Pan, Patrick O'Hayer, Kishan Padalia, Pennelope Blakely, Ibrahim Khaleel, Erinleigh Michaud, Yiyuan Huang, Lili Zhao, Rodica Pop-Busui, Shruti Gupta, Kim Eagle, David E Leaf, Salim S Hayek

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is perceived as a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We sought to determine whether CVD is associated with in-hospital death and cardiovascular events in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

METHODS: This study used data from a multicenter cohort of adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units at 68 centers across the United States from March 1 to July 1, 2020. The primary exposure was CVD, defined as preexisting coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or atrial fibrillation/flutter. Myocardial injury on intensive care unit admission defined as a troponin I …

Agreement Between Sars-Cov-2 Pcr Test Results Using Nasopharyngeal And Mid-Turbinate Specimens Among Asymptomatic Working-Age Adults, Judy Wendt Hess, Faiyaz Bhojani, Derrick Cameron, Mary Freire De Carvalho, Fayaz Momin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether mid-turbinate specimens reliably detect active infection in asymptomatic adults undergoing regular COVID-19 PCR testing.

METHODS: Qualitative agreement between 2481 paired nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate PCR results was assessed. Mean cycle threshold values for each positive result were evaluated as an indicator of active infection.

RESULTS: Overall agreement between nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate tests was 98.4%. Positive percent agreement was 37.2%, and negative percent agreement was ~100%. Test pairs with lower cycle thresholds (≤30 and ≤25) reached 67% and 100% positive percent agreement, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infections with high viral loads were detected …

Agreement Between Sars-Cov-2 Pcr Test Results Using Nasopharyngeal And Mid-Turbinate Specimens Among Asymptomatic Working-Age Adults, Judy Wendt Hess, Faiyaz Bhojani, Derrick Cameron, Mary Freire De Carvalho, Fayaz Momin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether mid-turbinate specimens reliably detect active infection in asymptomatic adults undergoing regular COVID-19 PCR testing.

METHODS: Qualitative agreement between 2481 paired nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate PCR results was assessed. Mean cycle threshold values for each positive result were evaluated as an indicator of active infection.

RESULTS: Overall agreement between nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate tests was 98.4%. Positive percent agreement was 37.2%, and negative percent agreement was ~100%. Test pairs with lower cycle thresholds (≤30 and ≤25) reached 67% and 100% positive percent agreement, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infections with high viral loads were detected …

Effectiveness And Adherence To Closed Face Shields In The Prevention Of Covid-19 Transmission: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial In A Middle-Income Setting (Covproshield), Andrea Ramirez Varela, Alejandro Pacheco Gurruchaga, Silvia Restrepo Restrepo, Juan David Martin, Yessica Daniela Campaz Landazabal, Guillermo Tamayo-Cabeza, Sandra Contreras-Arrieta, Yuldor Caballero-Díaz, Luis Jorge Hernandez Florez, John Mario González, Juan Carlos Santos-Barbosa, José David Pinzón, Juan José Yepes-Nuñez, Rachid Laajaj, Giancarlo Buitrago Gutierrez, Martha Vives Florez, Janner Fuentes Castillo, Gianni Quinche Vargas, Andres Casas, Antonio Medina, Eduardo Behrentz, Covida Working Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The use of respiratory devices can mitigate the spread of diseases such as COVID-19 in community settings. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of closed face shields with surgical face masks to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia.

METHODS: An open-label non-inferiority randomized controlled trial that randomly assigned participants to one of two groups: the intervention group was instructed to wear closed face shields with surgical face masks, and the active control group was instructed to wear only surgical face masks. The primary outcome was a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction …

Describing Characteristics Of Adults With And Without Congenital Heart Defects Hospitalized With Covid-19, Perla Diaz, Will Coughlin, Wilson Lam, Peter Ermis, David Aguilar, Cecilia M Ganduglia Cazaban, A J Agopian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to describe patient characteristics in adults with and without congenital heart defects (CHDs) during hospitalization for COVID-19.

METHODS: We analyzed data collected by Optum®, a nationally representative database of electronic medical records, for 369 adults with CHDs and 41,578 without CHDs hospitalized for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and December 10, 2020. We used Poisson regression to describe and compare epidemiologic characteristics, heart-related conditions, and severe outcomes between these two groups.

RESULTS: The distributions of many epidemiologic characteristics were similar between the two groups, but patients with CHDs were significantly more likely to be current or former …

Breast Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment During The Covid-19 Pandemic In A Nationwide, Insured Population, Jennifer L Caswell-Jin, Maryam N Shafaee, Lan Xiao, Mina Liu, Esther M John, Melissa L Bondy, Allison W Kurian

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced cancer screenings and delayed cancer surgeries. We used insurance claims data to understand how breast cancer incidence and treatment after diagnosis changed nationwide over the course of the pandemic.

Methods: Using the Optum Research Database from January 2017 to March 2021, including approximately 19 million US adults with commercial health insurance, we identified new breast cancer diagnoses and first treatment after diagnosis. We compared breast cancer incidence and proportion of newly diagnosed patients receiving pre-operative systemic therapy pre-COVID, in the first 2 months of the COVID pandemic and in …

Factors Associated With Covid-19 Death In The United States: Cohort Study, Uan-I Chen, Hua Xu, Trudy Millard Krause, Raymond Greenberg, Xiao Dong, Xiaoqian Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Since the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.

Objective: This study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths …

Factors Associated With Covid-19 Death In The United States: Cohort Study, Uan-I Chen, Hua Xu, Trudy Millard Krause, Raymond Greenberg, Xiao Dong, Xiaoqian Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Since the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.

METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths …

A Tranquil Virtual Reality Experience To Reduce Subjective Stress Among Covid-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers., Elizabeth Beverly, Laurie Hommema, Kara Coates, Gary Duncan, Brad Gable, Thomas Gutman, Matthew Love, Carrie Love, Michelle Pershing, Nancy Stevens

Medical Education Articles

OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has taken an immense physical, social, and emotional toll on frontline healthcare workers. Research has documented higher levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout among healthcare workers during the pandemic. Thus, creative interventions are needed now more than ever to provide brief, accessible support to frontline workers. Virtual reality is a rapidly growing technology with potential psychological applications. In this study, we piloted a three-minute Tranquil Cinematic-VR simulation of a nature scene to lower subjective stress among frontline healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment units. We chose to film a nature scene because of the extensive empirical …

Efficacy And Safety Of Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma In Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Mila B Ortigoza, Hyunah Yoon, Keith S Goldfeld, Andrea B Troxel, Johanna P Daily, Yinxiang Wu, Yi Li, Danni Wu, Gia F Cobb, Gillian Baptiste, Mary O'Keeffe, Marilou O Corpuz, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Amee Amin, Ioannis M Zacharioudakis, Dushyantha T Jayaweera, Yanyun Wu, Julie V Philley, Megan S Devine, Mahalia S Desruisseaux, Alessandro D Santin, Shweta Anjan, Reeba Mathew, Bela Patel, Masayuki Nigo, Rabi Upadhyay, Tania Kupferman, Andrew N Dentino, Rahul Nanchal, Christian A Merlo, David N Hager, Kartik Chandran, Jonathan R Lai, Johanna Rivera, Chowdhury R Bikash, Gorka Lasso, Timothy P Hilbert, Monika Paroder, Andrea A Asencio, Mengling Liu, Eva Petkova, Alexander Bragat, Reza Shaker, David D Mcpherson, Ralph L Sacco, Marla J Keller, Corita R Grudzen, Judith S Hochman, Liise-Anne Pirofski, Lalitha Parameswaran, Anthony T Corcoran, Abhinav Rohatgi, Marta W Wronska, Xinyuan Wu, Ranjini Srinivasan, Fang-Ming Deng, Thomas D Filardo, Jay Pendse, Simone B Blaser, Olga Whyte, Jacqueline M Gallagher, Ololade E Thomas, Danibel Ramos, Caroline L Sturm-Reganato, Charlotte C Fong, Ivy M Daus, Arianne Gisselle Payoen, Joseph T Chiofolo, Mark T Friedman, Ding Wen Wu, Jessica L Jacobson, Jeffrey G Schneider, Uzma N Sarwar, Henry E Wang, Ryan M Huebinger, Goutham Dronavalli, Yu Bai, Carolyn Z Grimes, Karen W Eldin, Virginia E Umana, Jessica G Martin, Timothy R Heath, Fatimah O Bello, Daru Lane Ransford, Maudry Laurent-Rolle, Sheela V Shenoi, Oscar Bate Akide-Ndunge, Bipin Thapa, Jennifer L Peterson, Kelly Knauf, Shivani U Patel, Laura L Cheney, Christopher A Tormey, Jeanne E Hendrickson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is clinical equipoise for COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of CCP compared with placebo in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving noninvasive supplemental oxygen.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: CONTAIN COVID-19, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of CCP in hospitalized adults with COVID-19, was conducted at 21 US hospitals from April 17, 2020, to March 15, 2021. The trial enrolled 941 participants who were hospitalized for 3 or less days or presented 7 or less days after symptom onset and required noninvasive oxygen supplementation.

INTERVENTIONS: A unit of …

Incidence Rate Of Psychiatric Disorders In 2020: The Pivotal Role Played By Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Antonio L Teixeira, Regina M Hansen, Joseph S Wozny, Caroline M Schaefer, Rodrigo Machado-Vieira, Lokesh Shahani, Scott D Lane, Jair C Soares, Trudy M Krause

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted mental health outcomes. While the frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms has increased in the whole population, the relationship between COVID-19 and new psychiatric diagnoses remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the population incidence rate of emergence of de novo psychiatric disorders in 2020 compared to the previous years, and to compare the incidence rate of new psychiatric disorder diagnoses between people with vs without COVID-19.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study utilized administrative claims data from the Clinformatics® Data Mart database, licensed from Optum®. The study is a cross-sectional analysis that …

Population-Based Correlates Of Covid-19 Infection: An Analysis From The Dfw Covid-19 Prevalence Study, Amit G Singal, Andrew Masica, Kate Esselink, Caitlin C Murphy, Jill A Dever, Annika Reczek, Matthew Bensen, Nicole Mack, Ellen Stutts, Jamie L Ridenhour, Evan Galt, Jordan Brainerd, Noa Kopplin, Sruthi Yekkaluri, Chris Rubio, Shelby Anderson, Kathryn Jan, Natalie Whitworth, Jacqueline Wagner, Stephen Allen, Alagar R Muthukumar, Jasmin Tiro

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has resulted in over 1 million deaths in the U.S. as of June 2022, with continued surges after vaccine availability. Information on related attitudes and behaviors are needed to inform public health strategies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19, risk factors of infection, and related attitudes and behaviors in a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse urban population.

METHODS: The DFW COVID-19 Prevalence Study Protocol 1 was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 on a randomly selected sample of adults aged 18-89 years, living in Dallas or Tarrant Counties, Texas. Participants were asked to complete a …

Hispanic Ethnicity And Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Ana C Ricardo, Jinsong Chen, Stephanie M Toth-Manikowski, Natalie Meza, Min Joo, Shruti Gupta, Deepa G Lazarous, David E Leaf, James P Lash

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hispanic persons living in the United States (U.S.) are at higher risk of infection and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with non-Hispanic persons. Whether this disparity exists among critically ill patients with COVID-19 is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ethnic disparities in mortality among critically ill adults with COVID-19 enrolled in the Study of the Treatment and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 (STOP-COVID).

METHODS: Multicenter cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICU) at 67 U.S. hospitals from March 4 to May 9, 2020. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate …

Phase 3 Safety And Efficacy Of Azd1222 (Chadox1 Ncov-19) Covid-19 Vaccine, Ann R Falsey, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Ian Hirsch, Stephanie Sproule, Merlin L Robb, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M Neuzil, William Hahn, Julie Hunt, Mark J Mulligan, Charlene Mcevoy, Edwin Dejesus, Michael Hassman, Susan J Little, Barbara A Pahud, Anna Durbin, Paul Pickrell, Eric S Daar, Larry Bush, Joel Solis, Quito Osuna Carr, Temitope Oyedele, Susan Buchbinder, Jessica Cowden, Sergio L Vargas, Alfredo Guerreros Benavides, Robert Call, Michael C Keefer, Beth D Kirkpatrick, John Pullman, Tina Tong, Margaret Brewinski Isaacs, David Benkeser, Holly E Janes, Martha C Nason, Justin A Green, Elizabeth J Kelly, Jill Maaske, Nancy Mueller, Kathryn Shoemaker, Therese Takas, Richard P Marshall, Menelas N Pangalos, Tonya Villafana, Antonio Gonzalez-Lopez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States, Chile, and Peru has not been known.

METHODS: In this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated the safety, vaccine efficacy, and immunogenicity of two doses of AZD1222 as compared with placebo in preventing the onset of symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more after the second dose in adults, including older adults, in the United States, Chile, and Peru.

RESULTS: …

Census Tract Patterns And Contextual Social Determinants Of Health Associated With Covid-19 In A Hispanic Population From South Texas: A Spatiotemporal Perspective, Cici Bauer, Kehe Zhang, Miryoung Lee, Susan Fisher-Hoch, Esmeralda Guajardo, Joseph Mccormick, Isela De La Cerda, Maria E Fernandez, Belinda Reininger

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that various social determinants of health (SDOH) may have contributed to the disparities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality among minorities and underserved populations at the county or zip code level.

OBJECTIVE: This analysis was carried out at a granular spatial resolution of census tracts to explore the spatial patterns and contextual SDOH associated with COVID-19 incidence from a Hispanic population mostly consisting of a Mexican American population living in Cameron County, Texas on the border of the United States and Mexico. We performed age-stratified analysis to identify different contributing SDOH and quantify their effects by …

A Review Of The Cardiac And Cardiovascular Effects Of Covid-19 In Adults And Children, Bibhuti B Das, S Kristen Sexon Tejtel, Shriprasad Deshpande, Lara S Shekerdemian

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement-our focus in this review-may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children.

Timing Of Surgery Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection: An International Prospective Cohort Study, Covidsurg Collaborative, Globalsurg Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 …

Predictive Factors For Success Of Awake Proning In Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Secondary To Covid-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Sujith V Cherian, Chang Li, Brad Roche, Stephan A Reyes, Siddharth Karanth, Aditya P Lal, Gabriel M Aisenberg, Rosa M Estrada-Y-Martin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Awake prone positioning has been recommended as an adjunctive measure in spontaneously breathing patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains uncertain as to how long this should be implemented, what variables to follow and who would be the ideal candidates for this adjunctive therapy.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients admitted from April to August 2020 within our institution with multifocal pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 who underwent awake-proning for at least 3 hours was conducted.

RESULTS: Improvement in respiratory parameters including ROX (SpO2/Fio2/ Respiratory Rate) indices and inflammatory markers within …