COVID-19 Commons^™

Effects Of Covid-19 Vaccination On Pro-Coagulant State Of A Protein S-Deficient Pediatric Patient: New Hope For Treatment Of The Deficiency, Diana Polania-Villanueva, M. Kumar, Lekha Thangada, Jone Garai, Jovanny Zabaleta, Rinku Majumder

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

ISTH 2023 Congress, June 24 - 28, 2023, Montreal, Canada

Parent-Reported Provider Recommendation Of Hpv Vaccination Among Minority Adolescents Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings From The National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2019-2021, Chinenye Lynette Ejezie, Paula Cuccaro, Casey Durand, Lara Savas, Ross Shegog

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Provider recommendation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among adolescents has steadily improved over the years, however, limited research has been conducted to examine if the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this positive trend in parent-reported provider recommendation among minority adolescents. Therefore, we conducted the present study to determine if there is an association between the pandemic and parent-reported provider recommendation of HPV vaccine among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adolescents. We also examined whether any changes in parent-reported provider recommendation in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 differed by race or ethnicity. Using a cross-sectional design to examine data from the National Immunization …

Time To Establish An International Vaccine Candidate Pool For Potential Highly Infectious Respiratory Disease: A Community’S View, Lan Yao, Hiam Chemaitelly, Emanuel Goldman, Esayas Kebede Gudina, Asma Khalil, Rahaman Ahmed, Ayorinde Babatunde James, Anna Roca, Mosoka Papa Fallah, Andrew Macnab, William C Cho, John Eikelboom, Farah Naz Qamar, Peter Kremsner, Miquel Oliu-Barton, Ivan Sisa, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Florian Marks, Lishi Wang, Jerome H Kim, Xia Meng, Yongjun Wang, Alyce D Fly, Cong-Yi Wang, Sara W Day, Scott C Howard, J Carolyn Graff, Marcello Maida, Kunal Ray, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Tapfumanei Mashe, Ngashi Ngongo, Jean Kaseya, Nicaise Ndembi, Yu Hu, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J Hotez, Ken J Ishii, Gang Wang, Dianjun Sun, Lotfi Aleya, Weikuan Gu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In counteracting highly infectious and disruptive respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, vaccination remains the primary and safest way to prevent disease, reduce the severity of illness, and save lives. Unfortunately, vaccination is often not the first intervention deployed for a new pandemic, as it takes time to develop and test vaccines, and confirmation of safety requires a period of observation after vaccination to detect potential late-onset vaccine-associated adverse events. In the meantime, nonpharmacologic public health interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing can provide some degree of protection. As climate change, with its environmental impacts on pathogen evolution and international …

A Recombinant Protein Xbb15 Rbd/Alum/Cpg Vaccine Elicits High Neutralizing Antibody Titers Against Omicron Subvariants Of Sars-Cov-2, Syamala Rani Thimmiraju, Rakesh Adhikari, Maria Jose Villar, Jungsoon Lee, Zhuyun Liu, Rakhi Kundu, Yi-Lin Chen, Suman Sharma, Karm Ghei, Brian Keegan, Leroy Versteeg, Portia M Gillespie, Allan Ciciriello, Nelufa Y Islam, Cristina Poveda, Nestor Uzcategui, Wen-Hsiang Chen, Jason T Kimata, Bin Zhan, Ulrich Strych, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J Hotez, Jeroen Pollet

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

(1) Background: We previously reported the development of a recombinant protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, consisting of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG oligonucleotides. In mice and non-human primates, our wild-type (WT) RBD vaccine induced high neutralizing antibody titers against the WT isolate of the virus, and, with partners in India and Indonesia, it was later developed into two closely resembling human vaccines, Corbevax and Indovac. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a next-generation vaccine adapted to the recently emerging XBB variants of SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: We conducted preclinical studies …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Iwona Jannasz, Michal Pruc, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, Tomasz Targowski, Robert Olszewski, Stepan Feduniw, Karolina Petryka, Lukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

COVID-19 is a complex multisystemic disease that can result in long-term complications and, in severe cases, death. This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 on carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) as a measurement to evaluate its impact on arterial stiffness and might help predict COVID-19-related cardiovascular (CV) complications. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies, and meta-analysis was performed. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (nr. CRD42023434326). The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Nine studies reported cfPWV among COVID-19 patients and control groups. The …

Comparison Of Bivalent And Monovalent Sars-Cov-2 Variant Vaccines: The Phase 2 Randomized Open-Label Covail Trial, Angela R Branche, Nadine G Rouphael, David J Diemert, Ann R Falsey, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R Baden, Sharon E Frey, Jennifer A Whitaker, Susan J Little, Evan J Anderson, Emmanuel B Walter, Richard M Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A Jackson, Tara M Babu, Angelica C Kottkamp, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Lilly C Immergluck, Rachel M Presti, Martín Bäcker, Patricia L Winokur, Siham M Mahgoub, Paul A Goepfert, Dahlene N Fusco, Elissa Malkin, Jeffrey M Bethony, Edward E Walsh, Daniel S Graciaa, Hady Samaha, Amy C Sherman, Stephen R Walsh, Getahun Abate, Zacharoula Oikonomopoulou, Hana M El Sahly, Thomas C S Martin, Satoshi Kamidani, Michael J Smith, Benjamin G Ladner, Laura Porterfield, Maya Dunstan, Anna Wald, Tamia Davis, Robert L Atmar, Mark J Mulligan, Kirsten E Lyke, Christine M Posavad, Megan A Meagher, David S Stephens, Kathleen M Neuzil, Kuleni Abebe, Heather Hill, Jim Albert, Kalyani Telu, Jinjian Mu, Teri C Lewis, Lisa A Giebeig, Amanda Eaton, Antonia Netzl, Samuel H Wilks, Sina Türeli, Mamodikoe Makhene, Sonja Crandon, David C Montefiori, Mat Makowski, Derek J Smith, Seema U Nayak, Paul C Roberts, John H Beigel, Covail Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed safety and immunogenicity of a second boost with monovalent or bivalent variant vaccines from mRNA and protein-based platforms targeting wild-type, Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 spike antigens. The primary outcome was pseudovirus neutralization titers at 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50 titers) with 95% confidence intervals against different SARS-CoV-2 strains. The secondary outcome assessed safety by solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs), unsolicited AEs, serious AEs …

Pediatric Firearm Injury Epidemiology At A Level 1 Trauma Center From 2019 To 2021: Including Time Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cynthia Orantes, Hei Kit Chan, Daniel Walter, Summer Chavez, Irma T Ugalde

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Firearms are a leading cause of death in children. The demand for firearms increased following COVID-19 "stay-at home orders" in March 2020, resulting in record-breaking firearm sales and background checks. We aim to describe the changes in pediatric firearm-related injuries, demographics, and associated risk factors at a Level 1 trauma center in Houston before and during the COVID 19 pandemic.

RESULTS: The total number of pediatric firearm-related injury cases increased during March 15th to December 31st, 2020 and 2021 compared to the same time period in 2019 (104 verses 89 verses 78). The demographic group most affected across years …

Postoperative Respiratory Complications In Sars-Cov-2 Positive Pediatric Patients Across 20 United States Hospitals: A Cohort Study, Audra J Reiter, Martha-Conley E Ingram, Mehul V Raval, Elisa Garcia, Madelyn Hill, Arturo Aranda, Nicole M Chandler, Raquel Gonzalez, Kristen Born, Shale Mack, Abdulraouf Lamoshi, Aaron M Lipskar, Xiao-Yue Han, Elizabeth Fialkowski, Brianna Spencer, Afif N Kulaylat, Amrene Barde, Ami N Shah, Maeva Adoumie, Erica Gross, Steven C Mehl, Monica E Lopez, Valerie Polcz, Moiz M Mustafa, Jeffrey W Gander, Travis M Sullivan, Jason P Sulkowski, Owais Ghani, Eunice Y Huang, David Rothstein, E Peter Muenks, Shawn D St Peter, Jason C Fisher, Dina Levy-Lambert, Allison Reichl, Romeo C Ignacio, Bethany J Slater, Kuojen Tsao, Loren Berman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Data examining rates of postoperative complications among SARS-CoV-2 positive children are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive status on postoperative respiratory outcomes for children.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included SARS-CoV-2 positive pediatric patients across 20 hospitals who underwent general anesthesia from March to October 2020. The primary outcome was frequency of postoperative respiratory complications, including: high-flow nasal cannula/non invasive ventilation, reintubation, pneumonia, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and 30-day respiratory-related readmissions or emergency department (ED) visits. Univariate analyses were used to evaluate associations between patient and procedure characteristics …

Variation In Early Anakinra Use And Short-Term Outcomes In Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Joyce C Chang, Cameron C Young, Eyal Muscal, Sara K Sexson Tejtel, Margaret M Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Hillary Crandall, Aline B Maddux, Courtney M Rowan, Natasha B Halasa, Helen A Harvey, Charlotte V Hobbs, Mark W Hall, Michele Kong, Cassyanne L Aguiar, Jennifer E Schuster, Julie C Fitzgerald, Aalok R Singh, Kari Wellnitz, Ryan A Nofziger, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Elizabeth H Mack, Adam J Schwarz, Sabrina M Heidemann, Jane W Newburger, Laura D Zambrano, Angela P Campbell, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, Mary Beth F Son, Overcoming Covid Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS-C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021. Day 0 was the first calendar day of immunomodulatory treatment. Factors associated with initial anakinra use (days 0-1) were identified. We compared cases in patients ages 2-20 years receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids versus anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids on days …

Management Of Pediatric Appendicitis During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study, Brittany Hegde, Elisa Garcia, Andrew Hu, Mehul Raval, Sanyu Takirambudde, Derek Wakeman, Ruth Lewit, Ankush Gosain, Raphael H Parrado, Robert A Cina, Krista Stephenson, Melvin S Dassinger, Daniel Zhang, Moiz M Mustafa, Donna Koo, Aaron M Lipskar, Katherine Scheidler, Kyle J Van Arendonk, Patrick Berg, Raquel Gonzalez, Daniel Scheese, Jeffrey Haynes, Alexander Mina, Irving J Zamora, Monica E Lopez, Steven C Mehl, Elizabeth Gilliam, Katrina Lofberg, Brianna Spencer, Afif N Kulaylat, Brian C Gulack, Matthew Johnson, Matthew Laskovy, Pavan Brahmamdam, Aoi Shimomura, Therese Blanch, Kuojen Tsao, Bethany J Slater

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted timely access to care for children, including patients with appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on management of appendicitis and patient outcomes.

METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was performed including 19 children's hospitals from April 2019-October 2020 of children (age≤18 years) diagnosed with appendicitis. Groups were defined by each hospital's city/state stay-at-home orders (SAHO), designating patients as Pre-COVID (Pre-SAHO) or COVID (Post-SAHO). Demographic, treatment, and outcome data were obtained, and univariate and multivariable analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Of 6,014 patients, 2,413 (40.1%) presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. More …

Association Of Area Deprivation Index With Severity Of Covid-19 In Pediatric Patients: A Multisite Study Of Racially And Ethnically Diverse Children, Sebastian Acosta, Srinivasan Suresh, Anna K Ettinger, Fabio Savorgnan, Ananth Annapragada, Nirupama Kannikeswaran, Usha Sethuraman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Area deprivation index (ADI) is associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 in adults. However, this association has not been established in children. Information on ADI, demographics, clinical features, disease severity, and outcomes was analyzed for 3434 children with COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that non-Hispanic Asians, extremes of weight, and higher ADI were associated with severe disease.

Covid-19 Vaccines And The Pandemic: Lessons Learnt For Other Neglected Diseases And Future Threats, Peter J Hotez, Sarah Gilbert, Melanie Saville, Lois Privor-Dumm, Salim Abdool-Karim, Didi Thompson, Jean-Louis Excler, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Through the experiences gained by accelerating new vaccines for both Ebola virus infection and COVID-19 in a public health emergency, vaccine development has benefited from a 'multiple shots on goal' approach to new vaccine targets. This approach embraces simultaneous development of candidates with differing technologies, including, when feasible, vesicular stomatitis virus or adenovirus vectors, messenger RNA (mRNA), whole inactivated virus, nanoparticle and recombinant protein technologies, which led to multiple effective COVID-19 vaccines. The challenge of COVID-19 vaccine inequity, as COVID-19 spread globally, created a situation where cutting-edge mRNA technologies were preferentially supplied by multinational pharmaceutical companies to high-income countries while …

Pulse Oximetry And Arterial Saturation Difference In Pediatric Covid-19 Patients: Retrospective Analysis By Race, Fabio Savorgnan, Adel Hassan, Nirica Borges, Sebastian Acosta

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Pulse oximetry (Sp o2 ) may overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (Sa o2 ) in blood laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess Sp o2 -Sa o2 difference in relation to race (i.e., patient self-reporting as Black or White), occult hypoxemia, and length of stay (LOS) in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study in pediatric COVID-19 patients. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between race and oximetry measurements and between occult hypoxemia and LOS. Oximetry bias was defined using Sp o2 and Sa o2 data according to approved comparisons. Occult hypoxemia was defined as Sp …

Factors, Enablers And Challenges For Covid-19 Vaccine Development, Jean-Louis Excler, Melanie Saville, Lois Privor-Dumm, Sarah Gilbert, Peter J Hotez, Didi Thompson, Salim Abdool-Karim, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sense of vulnerability and urgency that led to concerted actions by governments, funders, regulators and industry to overcome traditional challenges for the development of vaccine candidates and to reach authorisation. Unprecedented financial investments, massive demand, accelerated clinical development and regulatory reviews were among the key factors that contributed to accelerating the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines benefited of previous scientific innovations such as mRNA and recombinant vectors and proteins. This has created a new era of vaccinology, with powerful platform technologies and a new model for vaccine development. …

Vaccine Access, Equity And Justice: Covid-19 Vaccines And Vaccination, Lois Privor-Dumm, Jean-Louis Excler, Sarah Gilbert, Salim S Abdool Karim, Peter J Hotez, Didi Thompson, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although significant progress has been made in achieving goals for COVID-19 vaccine access, the quest for equity and justice remains an unfinished agenda. Vaccine nationalism has prompted calls for new approaches to achieve equitable access and justice not only for vaccines but also for vaccination. This includes ensuring country and community participation in global discussions and that local needs to strengthen health systems, address issues related to social determinants of health, build trust and leverage acceptance to vaccines, are addressed. Regional vaccine technology and manufacturing hubs are promising approaches to address access challenges and must be integrated with efforts to …

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Characteristics And Outcomes In Children And Adolescents With Covid-19 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Admitted To Us Icus, Melania M Bembea, Laura L Loftis, Ravi R Thiagarajan, Cameron C Young, Timothy P Mccadden, Margaret M Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Elizabeth H Mack, Julie C Fitzgerald, Courtney M Rowan, Aline B Maddux, Amanda R Kolmar, Katherine Irby, Sabrina Heidemann, Stephanie P Schwartz, Michele Kong, Hillary Crandall, Kevin M Havlin, Aalok R Singh, Jennifer E Schuster, Mark W Hall, Kari A Wellnitz, Mia Maamari, Mary G Gaspers, Ryan A Nofziger, Peter Paul C Lim, Ryan W Carroll, Alvaro Coronado Munoz, Tamara T Bradford, Melissa L Cullimore, Natasha B Halasa, Gwenn E Mclaughlin, Pia S Pannaraj, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Bria M Coates, Steven M Horwitz, Charlotte V Hobbs, Heda Dapul, Ana Lia Graciano, Andrew D Butler, Manish M Patel, Laura D Zambrano, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used successfully to support adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related cardiac or respiratory failure refractory to conventional therapies. Comprehensive reports of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2-related ECMO support for conditions, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and acute COVID-19, are needed.

DESIGN: Case series of patients from the Overcoming COVID-19 public health surveillance registry.

SETTING: Sixty-three hospitals in 32 U.S. states reporting to the registry between March 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021.

PATIENTS: Patients less than 21 years admitted to the ICU meeting Centers for Disease Control criteria …

Vaccines And Therapeutics For Immunocompromised Patients With Covid-19, Shmuel Shoham, Carolina Batista, Yanis Ben Amor, Onder Ergonul, Mazen Hassanain, Peter Hotez, Gagandeep Kang, Jerome H Kim, Bhavna Lall, Heidi J Larson, Denise Naniche, Timothy Sheahan, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Samba O Sow, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Prashant Yadav, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Lancet Commission On Covid-19 Vaccines And Therapeutics Task Force

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted immunocompromised patients. This diverse group is at increased risk for impaired vaccine responses, progression to severe disease, prolonged hospitalizations and deaths. At particular risk are people with deficiencies in lymphocyte number or function such as transplant recipients and those with hematologic malignancies. Such patients' immune responses to vaccination and infection are frequently impaired leaving them more vulnerable to prolonged high viral loads and severe complications of COVID-19. Those in turn, have implications for disease progression and persistence, development of immune escape variants and transmission of infection. Data to guide vaccination and treatment approaches in …

Sars-Cov-2 Serostatus And Covid-19 Illness Characteristics By Variant Time Period In Non-Hospitalized Children And Adolescents, Sarah E Messiah, Michael D Swartz, Rhiana A Abbas, Yashar Talebi, Harold W Kohl, Melissa Valerio-Shewmaker, Stacia M Desantis, Ashraf Yaseen, Steven H Kelder, Jessica A Ross, Lindsay N Padilla, Michael O Gonzalez, Leqing Wu, David Lakey, Jennifer A Shuford, Stephen J Pont, Eric Boerwinkle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: to describe COVID-19 illness characteristics, risk factors, and SARS-CoV-2 serostatus by variant time period in a large community-based pediatric sample.

DESIGN: Data were collected prospectively over four timepoints between October 2020 and November 2022 from a population-based cohort ages 5 to 19 years old.

SETTING: State of Texas, USA.

PARTICIPANTS: Participants ages 5 to 19 years were recruited from large pediatric healthcare systems, Federally Qualified Healthcare Centers, urban and rural clinical practices, health insurance providers, and a social media campaign.

EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S): SARS-CoV-2 antibody status was assessed by the Roche Elecsys

RESULTS: Over half …

Incidence Rates Of Medically Attended Covid-19 In Infants Less Than 6 Months Of Age, Isabel Griffin, Stephanie A Irving, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Angela P Campbell, De-Kun Li, Fatimah S Dawood, Caroline Doughty-Skierski, Jeannette R Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Allison L Naleway, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin Nicholson, Roxana Odouli, Lawrence Reichle, Mo Sanyang, Kate Woodworth, Flor M Munoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest infants may be at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relative to older children, but few data exist regarding the incidence of COVID-19 episodes and associated risk factors. We estimate incidence rates and describe characteristics associated with medically attended COVID-19 episodes among infants younger than 6 months of age.

METHODS: We analyzed electronic medical record data from a cohort of infants born March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021. Data from 3 health care delivery systems included demographic characteristics, maternal and infant outpatient visit and hospitalization diagnoses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test …

Nfkb2 Haploinsufficiency Identified Via Screening For Ifn-Α2 Autoantibodies In Children And Adolescents Hospitalized With Sars-Cov-2-Related Complications, Aaron Bodansky, Sara E Vazquez, Janet Chou, Tanya Novak, Amer Al-Musa, Cameron Young, Margaret Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Laura D Zambrano, Anthea Mitchell, Chung-Yu Wang, Kristin Moffitt, Natasha B Halasa, Laura L Loftis, Stephanie P Schwartz, Tracie C Walker, Elizabeth H Mack, Julie C Fitzgerald, Shira J Gertz, Courtney M Rowan, Katherine Irby, Ronald C Sanders, Michele Kong, Jennifer E Schuster, Mary A Staat, Matt S Zinter, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Keiko M Tarquinio, Bria M Coates, Heidi R Flori, Mary K Dahmer, Hillary Crandall, Melissa L Cullimore, Emily R Levy, Brandon Chatani, Ryan Nofziger, Overcoming Covid-19 Network Study Group Investigators, Raif S Geha, Joseph Derisi, Angela P Campbell, Mark Anderson, Adrienne G Randolph

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against type I IFNs occur in approximately 10% of adults with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The frequency of anti-IFN autoantibodies in children with severe sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: We quantified anti-type I IFN autoantibodies in a multicenter cohort of children with severe COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.

METHODS: Circulating anti-IFN-α2 antibodies were measured by a radioligand binding assay. Whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and functional studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to study any patients with levels of anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies exceeding …

How Have Researchers Defined Institutions, Politics, Organizations And Governance In Research Related To Epidemic And Pandemic Response? A Scoping Review To Map Current Concepts, Austin Wu, Shivangi Khanna, Shelly Keidar, Peter Berman, Laura Jane Brubacher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In recent years, the literature on public health interventions and health outcomes in the context of epidemic and pandemic response has grown immensely. However, relatively few of these studies have situated their findings within the institutional, political, organizational and governmental (IPOG) context in which interventions and outcomes exist. This conceptual mapping scoping study synthesized the published literature on the impact of IPOG factors on epidemic and pandemic response and critically examined definitions and uses of the terms IPOG in this literature. This research involved a comprehensive search of four databases across the social, health and biomedical sciences as well as …

Covid-19 Induced Environments, Health-Related Quality Of Life Outcomes And Problematic Behaviors: Evidence From Children With Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorders, Corneliu Bolbocean, Kayla B Rhidenour, Maria Mccormack, Bernhard Suter, J Lloyd Holder

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Between July 2020 and January 2021, 230 principal caregivers completed a questionnaire to measure proxy-assessed health-related quality of life outcomes (HRQoL), behavioral outcomes in children with syndromic autism spectrum disorders and COVID-19 induced changes to lifestyle and environments. HRQoL and behavioral outcomes reported earlier during the pandemic were generally worse compared to those reported later. COVID-19 induced reduction to a caregiver's mental health appointments, and hours spent watching TV were associated with decreases in HRQoL and increased the likelihood of problematic behaviors. Increasing time outdoors and time away from digital devices were positively associated with HRQoL and behaviors and might …

Content Analysis Of American Network News Coverage Of Prevention Strategies During The Initial Wave Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cary M Cain, Nipa Kamdar, Rachael Veldman, Shahereez Budhwani, Patrick O'Mahen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Broadcast media is a method to communicate health information to the general public and has previously been used in prior public health emergencies. Despite the current ubiquity of social media, traditional news programming retains relatively large audiences, which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic's early days. Viewership of broadcast media networks' evening news skews toward older groups (age 65 and up) which were vulnerable to health complications related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: The current study explored the trends in American broadcast network news media coverage of prevention during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Quantitative content analysis …

Pediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychology: Insights And Lessons Learned During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole M Schneider, Dara M Steinberg, Andrea M Garcia, Jessy Guler, Emily Mudd, A Monica Agoston, Katherine N Schwartzkopf, Kristin A Kullgren, Laura Judd-Glossy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

COVID-19 has presented a variety of challenges to the provision of psychology services. In the first month of the pandemic, pediatric consultation-liaison (CL) psychologists reported significant changes in methodology of service delivery (Steinberg et al. in Clin Pract Pediatr Psychol 9:1, 2020). To better understand how and if these changes persisted, as well as other emerging trends, a follow-up study examined changes and challenges six months into the pandemic. An anonymous questionnaire assessed topics related to pediatric CL psychology including practice changes, perception of changes, and institutional support. The questionnaire was sent to the APA Society of Pediatric Society's special …

Community-Onset Bacterial Coinfection In Children Critically Ill With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Kristin L Moffitt, Mari M Nakamura, Cameron C Young, Margaret M Newhams, Natasha B Halasa, J Nelson Reed, Julie C Fitzgerald, Philip C Spinella, Vijaya L Soma, Tracie C Walker, Laura L Loftis, Aline B Maddux, Michele Kong, Courtney M Rowan, Charlotte V Hobbs, Jennifer E Schuster, Becky J Riggs, Gwenn E Mclaughlin, Kelly N Michelson, Mark W Hall, Christopher J Babbitt, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Mia Maamari, Adam J Schwarz, Aalok R Singh, Heidi R Flori, Shira J Gertz, Mary A Staat, John S Giuliano, Saul R Hymes, Katharine N Clouser, John Mcguire, Christopher L Carroll, Neal J Thomas, Emily R Levy, Adrienne G Randolph

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Community-onset bacterial coinfection in adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reportedly uncommon, though empiric antibiotic use has been high. However, data regarding empiric antibiotic use and bacterial coinfection in children with critical illness from COVID-19 are scarce.

METHODS: We evaluated children and adolescents agedadmission, we adjudicated whether patients had community-onset bacterial coinfection. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of those who did and did not (1) receive antibiotics and (2) have bacterial coinfection early in admission. Using Poisson regression models, we assessed factors associated with these outcomes.

RESULTS: Of the 532 patients, 63.3% received empiric antibiotics, but …

Evaluation Of Bnt162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine In Children Younger Than 5 Years Of Age, Flor M Muñoz, Lawrence D Sher, Charu Sabharwal, Alejandra Gurtman, Xia Xu, Nicholas Kitchin, Stephen Lockhart, Robert Riesenberg, Joanna M Sexter, Hanna Czajka, Grant C Paulsen, Yvonne Maldonado, Emmanuel B Walter, Kawsar R Talaat, Janet A Englund, Uzma N Sarwar, Caitlin Hansen, Martha Iwamoto, Chris Webber, Luke Cunliffe, Benita Ukkonen, Silvina N Martínez, Barbara A Pahud, Iona Munjal, Joseph B Domachowske, Kena A Swanson, Hua Ma, Kenneth Koury, Susan Mather, Claire Lu, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, David Cooper, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, C4591007 Clinical Trial Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children.

METHODS: We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a …

Evaluation Of Bnt162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine In Children Younger Than 5 Years Of Age, Flor M Muñoz, Lawrence D Sher, Charu Sabharwal, Alejandra Gurtman, Xia Xu, Nicholas Kitchin, Stephen Lockhart, Robert Riesenberg, Joanna M Sexter, Hanna Czajka, Grant C Paulsen, Yvonne Maldonado, Emmanuel B Walter, Kawsar R Talaat, Janet A Englund, Uzma N Sarwar, Caitlin Hansen, Martha Iwamoto, Chris Webber, Luke Cunliffe, Benita Ukkonen, Silvina N Martínez, Barbara A Pahud, Iona Munjal, Joseph B Domachowske, Kena A Swanson, Hua Ma, Kenneth Koury, Susan Mather, Claire Lu, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, David Cooper, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children.

METHODS: We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a …

Life-Threatening Complications Of Influenza Vs Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) In Us Children, Natasha B Halasa, Andrew J Spieker, Cameron C Young, Samantha M Olson, Margaret M Newhams, Justin Z Amarin, Kristin L Moffitt, Mari M Nakamura, Emily R Levy, Vijaya L Soma, Rana Talj, Scott L Weiss, Julie C Fitzgerald, Elizabeth H Mack, Aline B Maddux, Jennifer E Schuster, Bria M Coates, Mark W Hall, Stephanie P Schwartz, Adam J Schwarz, Michele Kong, Philip C Spinella, Laura L Loftis, Gwenn E Mclaughlin, Charlotte V Hobbs, Courtney M Rowan, Melania M Bembea, Ryan A Nofziger, Christopher J Babbitt, Cindy Bowens, Heidi R Flori, Shira J Gertz, Matt S Zinter, John S Giuliano, Janet R Hume, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Aalok R Singh, Hillary A Crandall, Neal J Thomas, Melissa L Cullimore, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Clinical differences between critical illness from influenza infection vs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been well characterized in pediatric patients.

Methods: We compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of US children (aged 8 months to 17 years) admitted to the intensive care or high-acuity unit with influenza or COVID-19. Using mixed-effects models, we assessed the odds of death or requiring life support for influenza vs COVID-19 after adjustment for age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and underlying conditions including obesity.

Results: Children with influenza (n = 179) were younger than those with COVID-19 (n = 381; median, 5.2 …

Bnt162b2 Mrna Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Is Associated With A Decreased Likelihood Of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Aged 5-18 Years-United States, July 2021 - April 2022, Laura D Zambrano, Margaret M Newhams, Samantha M Olson, Natasha B Halasa, Ashley M Price, Amber O Orzel, Cameron C Young, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Aline B Maddux, Katherine E Bline, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M Tarquinio, Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer E Schuster, Melissa L Cullimore, Sabrina M Heidemann, Charlotte V Hobbs, Ryan A Nofziger, Pia S Pannaraj, Melissa A Cameron, Tracie C Walker, Stephanie P Schwartz, Kelly N Michelson, Bria M Coates, Heidi R Flori, Elizabeth H Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Shira J Gertz, Samina S Bhumbra, Tamara T Bradford, Emily R Levy, Michele Kong, Katherine Irby, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Cindy Bowens, Hillary Crandall, Janet R Hume, Manish M Patel, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), linked to antecedent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with considerable morbidity. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by vaccination might also decrease MIS-C likelihood.

METHODS: In a multicenter, case-control, public health investigation of children ages 5-18 years hospitalized from 1 July 2021 to 7 April 2022, we compared the odds of being fully vaccinated (2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine ≥28 days before hospital admission) between MIS-C case-patients and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. These associations were examined by age group, timing of vaccination, …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Testing And Detection During Peripartum Hospitalizations Among A Multicenter Cohort Of Pregnant Persons: March 2020-February 2021, Miranda J Delahoy, Flor Munoz, De-Kun Li, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Nanette Lee Bond, Michael Daugherty, Jeannette Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Stephanie A Irving, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Mara Greenberg, Roxana Odouli, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin G Nicholson, Lawrence Reichle, Momodou Sanyang, Margaret Snead, Fatimah S Dawood, Allison L Naleway

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during peripartum hospitalizations is important to guide care, implement prevention measures, and understand infection burden.

METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis used electronic health record data from hospitalizations during which pregnancies ended (peripartum hospitalizations) among a cohort of pregnant persons at 3 US integrated healthcare networks (sites 1-3). Maternal demographic, medical encounter, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pregnancy and neonatal outcome information was extracted for persons with estimated delivery and pregnancy end dates during March 2020-February 2021 and ≥1 antenatal care record. Site-stratified multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with testing …