COVID-19 Commons^™

Social And Demographic Disparities In The Severity Of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Fabio Savorgnan, Sebastian Acosta, Alexander Alali, Axel Moreira, Ananth Annapragada, Craig G Rusin, Saul Flores, Rohit S Loomba, Alvaro Moreira

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Social constructs are known risk factors for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. A review of 206 patients demonstrated that children who were non-Hispanic Black, over the age of 12 years or living in a disadvantaged neighborhood associated with severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (intensive care unit admission, intubation and/or vasopressor use).

Factors Associated With Covid-19 Death In The United States: Cohort Study, Uan-I Chen, Hua Xu, Trudy Millard Krause, Raymond Greenberg, Xiao Dong, Xiaoqian Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Since the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.

METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths …

Summary Of: Understanding The Role Of Misinformation In Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In A Rural State, Ann Marie Hess, Colin T. Waters, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, Kerri L. Barton, Kathleen M. Fairfield

Northern New England Clinical & Translational Research

Findings from this study regarding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and sources of trusted information are important for developing public health strategies to increase vaccination rates. Understanding the concerns of individuals as assessed in this study provides opportunities for trusted health professionals, friends and family to reinforce facts about the importance of being vaccinated.

Study found @ "Understanding the Role of Misinformation in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy" by Ann Marie Hess, Colin T. Waters et al.

Factors That Influence Puerto Rican's Intention To Get The Covid-19 Vaccine, Page D. Dobbs, Emily Hermann, Charlie Vidal, Daniela Ameijeiras Mena, Ches Jones

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite Latino Americans having been found to be disproportionally affected by COVID-19, they report higher hesi-tancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than non-Hispanic whites. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence Puerto Rican's intentions to get the COVID-19 Vaccine. A sample (n = 173) of people who currently lived in Puerto Rico were recruited to complete an online, cross-sectional survey about their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Demographics and vaccine hesitancy were assessed, and logistic regressions explored relationships between variables and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine when it became available. When controlling for covar-iates, …

Evaluating Older Adults With Cognitive Dysfunction: A Qualitative Study With Emergency Clinicians, Anita N Chary, Noelle Castilla-Ojo, Christopher Joshi, Ilianna Santangelo, Christopher R Carpenter, Kei Ouchi, Aanand D Naik, Shan W Liu, Maura Kennedy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Evaluating older adults with cognitive dysfunction in emergency departments (EDs) requires obtaining collateral information from sources other than the patient. Understanding the challenges emergency clinicians face in obtaining collateral information can inform development of interventions to improve geriatric emergency care and, more specifically, detection of ED delirium. The objective was to understand emergency clinicians' experiences obtaining collateral information on older adults with cognitive dysfunction, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: From February to May 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 22 emergency physicians and advanced practice providers from two urban academic hospitals and …

What Should Ethical And Strategic Employers Do About Covid-19 Vaccines?, Dale B. Thompson, Susan A. Suspina, Katherina G. Pattit, Dawn R. Swink

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

Global “Flu-Ization” Of Covid-19: A Perspective From Vietnam, Khoi Quan Nguyen, Le My Anh Nguyen, Andrew W Taylor-Robinson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

"It Just Kind Of Feels Like A Different World Now:" Stress And Resilience For Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes In The Era Of Covid-19, Maeve B O'Donnell, Marisa E Hilliard, Viena T Cao, Miranda C Bradford, Krysta S Barton, Samantha Hurtado, Brenda Duran, Samantha Garcia Perez, Kiswa S Rahman, Samantha Scott, Faisal S Malik, Daniel J Desalvo, Catherine Pihoker, Chuan Zhou, Abby R Rosenberg, Joyce P Yi-Frazier

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major stressor for adolescents. Given the unique implications of the pandemic for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who already navigate multiple stressors as a function of their chronic condition, we aimed to describe the impact of the pandemic on adolescents with T1D and describe their coping strategies and resilience resources.

RESEARCH METHOD: In a 2-site (Seattle WA, Houston TX) clinical trial of a psychosocial intervention targeting stress/resilience, adolescents 13-18 years old with T1D ≥ 1 year and elevated diabetes distress were enrolled August 2020 - June 2021. Participants completed a baseline survey …

Disparities In Accessing Sexual And Reproductive Health Services And Rights Among Adolescents And Young People During Covid-19 Pandemic: Culture, Economic, And Gender Perspectives, Rogers N Ssebunya, Mafusi Boopa, Diane Nguyen, Lee Ligon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As the world grapples with the health systems' challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the needs of the already vulnerable adolescents and young people is vital. This narrative synthesis is aimed to highlight the current gender, cultural, and socioeconomic dynamics fueling inequalities to accessing sexual, reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services among adolescents and young people in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

RECENT FINDINGS: The COVID-19 pandemic has in most countries exacerbated already existing inequalities due to economic, gender, cultural, and legal aspects. Strategies implemented by most governments to mitigate the spread of the virus have also …

Convalescent Plasma In Hospitalized Pediatric And Obstetric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients, Saki Ikeda, Eduardo Benzi, Lisa A Hensch, Sridevi Devaraj, Shiu-Ki Rocky Hui, Manisha Gandhi, Karin A Fox, Jun Teruya, Flor M Munoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Published data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) use in children and obstetric patients are limited. We describe a single-center experience of hospitalized patients who received CCP for acute COVID-19.

METHODS: A retrospective review of children 0-18-years-old and pregnant patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed acute COVID-19 who received CCP from March 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021 was performed. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to assess the safety of CCP administration. Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were measured in the CCP products and in patients before transfusion and at various time points post-transfusion. …

Health Disparities In Children And Adolescents Living In Lmic During Covid-19 Pandemic, Diane Nguyen, Satid Thammasitboon, Anna M Mandalakas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this editorial is to introduce the pediatric global health issue focusing on health disparities emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

RECENT FINDINGS: As the COVID-19 pandemic ensues, children and adolescents living in LMIC have been disproportionately affected by socio-economic and mitigation practices, leading to widening disparities in health and the social determinants of health that influence their well-being.

SUMMARY: This pediatric global health issue brings to bare the extent, range, and nature of these health disparities, integrated with expert viewpoints, to prompt critical dialogue …

New Orleans During A Pandemic: Engaging African American Community Stakeholders On Covid-19 Information, Prevention, Testing And Vaccination, Anthony Thompson

XULAneXUS

This case study examines how the Louisiana Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (LA-CEAL) worked to engage African American residents in New Orleans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on research interviews with Black physicians, pharmacists, and community health providers, along with field notes collected during 12 months of project assistance, the study addresses four research questions concerning African American hesitancy toward COVID-19 treatment and vaccination, strategies for community engagement, clinical trial recruitment, and inclusive research practices during a pandemic. Findings indicate that vaccine hesitancy and research mistrust among Black New Orleanians are rooted in a long history of scientific racism …

Perspectives From The Society For Pediatric Research: Advice On Sustaining Science And Mentoring During Covid-19, Catherine S Forster, Suong T Nguyen, Weston T Powell, Daniel J Moore, Jacqueline Ho, Melvin B Heyman, Tara L Wenger, Fernando Gonzalez, Margaret Hostetter, Andrew Nowalk, Caroline E Rassbach, Debra Boyer, Pnina Weiss, Rebecca L Blankenburg, Jordan S Orange, Kate G Ackerman, Audrea M Burns, National Pediatric Physician-Scientist Collaborative Workgroup

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic will leave an indelible mark on the careers of current medical trainees. Given the disruptions to medical education, economic impact on institutions, and the uncertainties around future job prospects, trainees are facing unprecedented challenges. This situation is especially concerning for futures of pediatric physician-scientist trainees, where concerns regarding maintaining the pipeline were well documented prior to the emergence of COVID-19. In this Perspectives article, we leverage the unique expertise of our workgroup to address concerns of physician-scientist trainees and to provide suggestions on how to navigate career trajectories in the post-COVID-19 era. We identified and addressed four …

Microbial Science Research In The Post-Covid Environment, Nguyen K Nguyen, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Arturo Casadevall, Mary K Estes, Rebecca V Ferrell, Suzanne M J Fleiszig, Speakers, Moderators, And Panelists Of The Asm Virtual Symposium: Microbial Science Research In The Post-Covid Environment

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Since early 2020, the world has witnessed the unprecedented accomplishments of the scientific community in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the meantime, we also learned valuable lessons and recognized the challenges that hindered our successes. In this article, we synthesize the ideas discussed at the ASM Virtual Symposium: Microbial Science Research in the Post-COVID Environment on 10 November 2020. We propose three new approaches that microbiology researchers can embrace to overcome these challenges. Moreover, we suggest broad systematic changes to focus on social impacts, teamwork, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. We believe these values are …

Coronavirus Disease-19 And Cardiovascular Disease: A Risk Factor Or A Risk Marker?, Jing Liu, Salim S Virani, Mahboob Alam, Ali E Denktas, Ihab Hamzeh, Umair Khalid

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 causes the clinical syndrome of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) which has become a global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. While the virus primarily affects the respiratory system, it also causes a wide variety of complex cardiac manifestations such as acute myopericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, congested heart failure, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrhythmias. There are numerous proposed mechanisms of cardiac injury, including direct cellular injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, myocardial oxygen-demand mismatch, and systemic inflammation causing multi-organ failure. Additionally, medications commonly used to treat COVID-19 patients have various cardiovascular side effects. We aim to …

Efficiency With Covid-19: Home Vs. Dillon’S Rule States, Jason Kolb

Political Science Theses and Capstones

How does a state measure success when dealing with a pandemic like Covid-19? Can Dillon’s Rule keep their citizens happy and protected during a pandemic better then Home Rule? When local governments wait for the state to create policies, is this the best option for the state? Data will show a trend that states with a higher preemption rate have kept the death rate lower when dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic

Racial And Geographic Disparities In Influenza Vaccination In The Us Among Individuals With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Renewed Importance In The Setting Of Covid-19, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Umair Khalid, Arunima Misra, Jing Liu, Khurram Nasir, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Dhruv Mahtta, Christie M Ballantyne, Laura A Petersen, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The importance of receiving an annual influenza vaccine among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is well established. With the rapid community spread and the possibility of another wave of COVID-19 infections in the fall, receiving an influenza vaccine is of particular importance to mitigate the risk associated with overlapping influenza and COVID-19 infections.

METHODS: We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2016 to 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a nationally representative U.S. telephone-based survey of adults 18 years or older. Race/ethnicity was our exposure of interest. We assessed the relative difference in influenza vaccination by race/ethnicity for …

Open Drug Discovery Of Anti-Virals Critical For Canada’S Pandemic Strategy, Tania M. Bubela, E. Richard Gold, Vivek Goel, Max Morgan, Karen Mossman, Jason Nickerson, David Patrick, Aled Edwards

Office of the Provost

In the event of the current COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future pandemics, open science can support mission-oriented research and development, as well as commercialization. Open science shares skills and resources across sectors; avoids duplication and provides the basis for rapid and effective validation due to full transparency. It is a strategy that can adjust quickly to reflect changing incentives and priorities, because it does not rely on any one actor or sector. While eschewing patents, it can ensure high-quality drugs, low pricing, and access through existing regulatory mechanisms. Open science practices and partnerships decrease transaction costs, increase diversity …

Rna-Gps Predicts Sars-Cov-2 Rna Residency To Host Mitochondria And Nucleolus, Kevin E Wu, Furqan M Fazal, Kevin R Parker, James Zou, Howard Y Chang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) transcripts hijack the host cell's machinery. Subcellular localization of its viral RNA could, thus, play important roles in viral replication and host antiviral immune response. We perform computational modeling of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA subcellular residency across eight subcellular neighborhoods. We compare hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the human transcriptome and other coronaviruses. We predict the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome and sgRNAs to be enriched toward the host mitochondrial matrix and nucleolus, and that the 5' and 3' viral untranslated regions contain the strongest, most distinct localization signals. We interpret the mitochondrial residency signal as an …