Public Health Commons^™

Investigating Social Network Peer Effects On Hiv Care Engagement Using A Fuzzy-Like Matching Approach: Cross-Sectional Secondary Analysis Of The N2 Cohort Study, Cho-Hee Shrader, Dustin T Duncan, Redd Driver, Juan G Arroyo-Flores, Makella S Coudray, Raymond Moody, Yen-Tyng Chen, Britt Skaathun, Lindsay Young, Natascha Del Vecchio, Kayo Fujimoto, Justin R Knox, Mariano Kanamori, John A Schneider

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Social network data are essential and informative for public health research and implementation as they provide details on individuals and their social context. For example, health information and behaviors, such as HIV-related prevention and care, may disseminate within a network or across society. By harmonizing egocentric and digital networks, researchers may construct a sociocentric-like "fuzzy" network based on a subgroup of the population.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to generate a more complete sociocentric-like "fuzzy" network by harmonizing alternative sources of egocentric and digital network data to examine relationships between participants in the Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) cohort study. Further, we …

Examining Demographic, Geographic, And Temporal Patterns Of Melanoma Incidence In Texas From 2000 To 2018: Retrospective Study, Kehe Zhang, Madison M Taylor, Jocelyn Hunyadi, Hung Q Doan, Adewole S Adamson, Paige Miller, Kelly C Nelson, Cici Bauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Melanoma currently ranks as the fifth leading cancer diagnosis and is projected to become the second most common cancer in the United States by 2040. Melanoma detected at earlier stages may be treated with less-risky and less-costly therapeutic options.

Objective: This study aims to analyze temporal and spatial trends in melanoma incidence by stage at diagnosis (overall, early, and late) in Texas from 2000 to 2018, focusing on demographic and geographic variations to identify high-risk populations and regions for targeted prevention efforts.

Methods: We used melanoma incidence data from all 254 Texas counties from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) …

Testing For Bleeding Disorders In Child Abuse: Aap Recommendation Adherence And Testing Results, Lyndsey Hultman, Angela Doswell, Henry T Puls, Shannon L Carpenter, Angela Bachim, Caitlin R Mcnamara, Farah W Brink, Lori D Frasier, Nancy S Harper, Natalie Laub, Kristine A Campbell, Daniel M Lindberg, Joanne N Wood, James Anderst

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Using a multicenter child abuse pediatrics research network (CAPNET), the study objectives were to characterize the adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for bleeding disorder testing and the frequency of bleeding disorder identification.

Methods: We performed a descriptive study of bleeding disorder evaluations among children younger than 10 years of age who presented with bruising and/or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) concerning for abuse from February 2021-May 2022 utilizing CAPNET. Cases were classified as bruising without ICH or ICH with or without bruising. Based on AAP guidance, testing was not recommended in cases with concomitant suspicious injuries, inflicted injury …

Antibiotic Prophylaxis With Urodynamic Studies In Spinal Cord Injury: Assessing Practice Patterns And Outcomes To Guide Future Practice In A Single Center, Du Pham, Bradley Chi, Felicia Skelton, Donna Huang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context/objective: Despite urinary tract infections (UTIs) being a common problem in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), and a well-known complication of invasive urologic procedures, little consensus exists regarding the standard of care for peri-procedural antibiotic use for SCI patients undergoing urodynamics studies (UDS). Our research seeks to evaluate local antibiotic prophylaxis pattern in SCI patients undergoing UDS, assess incidence of post-procedural UTI, describe local antibiotic resistance trends, and provide antibiotic stewardship considerations to guide future practice.

Design/setting/participants: Retrospective cohort study of SCI patients undergoing UDS from January 2010 to January 2020 at a Veterans Affairs SCI Center. Data on …

Repeat Ascaris Challenge Reduces Worm Intensity Through Gastric Cellular Reprograming, Yifan Wu, Charlie Suarez-Reyes, Nina L Tang, Alexander R Kneubehl, Jill E Weatherhead

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ascariasis (roundworm) is the most prevalent parasitic nematode infection worldwide, impacting approximately 500 million people predominantly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While people of all ages are infected with Ascaris, infection intensity (defined by worm burden) paradoxically peaks in pre-school and school-aged children but then declines with age. The cause of age-dependent Ascaris worm intensity is not well understood but may be dependent on cellular changes in mucosal barrier sites. We have previously found that the gastric mucosa is a critical barrier site for Ascaris infection as ingested Ascaris larvae use acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) secreted by gastric chief …

The Small Gtpase Rap1 In Pomc Neurons Regulates Leptin Actions And Glucose Metabolism, Kentaro Kaneko, Weisheng Lu, Yong Xu, Alexei Morozov, Makoto Fukuda

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The hypothalamic leptin-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway is critical for regulating metabolism. POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus respond to leptin and play a pivotal role in mediating energy and glucose balance. However, during diet-induced obesity (DIO), these neurons often develop resistance to exogenous leptin. Recently, the small GTPase Rap1 has been implicated as an inhibitor of neuronal leptin signaling; however, its specific role within POMC neurons remains unexplored. We generated tamoxifen-inducible, POMC neuron-specific Rap1 knockout mice to selectively delete both Rap1a and Rap1b isoforms in POMC neurons. By analyzing these mice through metabolic phenotyping, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays, we show that …

Survival In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Recently Diagnosed Early-Stage Colorectal, Lung, Or Prostate Cancer Receiving Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Juan I Ruiz, Xiudong Lei, Sharon H Giordano, Hui Zhao, Suja S Rajan, Heather Lin, Maria E Suarez-Almazor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors could impair tumoural immunity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. We aimed to investigate the association between survival and TNF inhibitor treatment during the first 3 years after a diagnosis of colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: In this cohort study, we conducted a secondary data analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare-linked dataset. We included patients aged 66 years and older with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed with colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2019, using ICD-O-3 site and histology codes. …

Associations Between The Timing Of 24 H Physical Activity And Diabetes Mellitus: Results From A Nationally Representative Sample Of The Us Population, Qian Xiao, Qiuyu Feng, Martin K Rutter, Gali Albalak, Heming Wang, Raymond Noordam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aims/hypothesis: Growing evidence suggests that timing may be an important aspect of physical activity that influences cardiometabolic health. However, the current literature is inconclusive regarding the time of day that physical activity offers the greatest metabolic advantages. We investigated associations between hourly physical activity levels and diabetes mellitus and glycaemic biomarkers in a cross-sectional and nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods: We studied 7074 adults (mean age 48 years; 52% women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). Physical activity was measured by actigraphy. A monitor-independent movement summary (MIMS) unit was used to derive the total activity …

Comparison Of Risk Assessment Tools' Prediction Of Outcomes For Penetrating Trauma, Jeffrey Santos, Catherine M Kuza, Xi Luo, Tiffany Moon, Thomas Shoultz, Anne Feeler, Roman Dudaryk, Jose Navas, Georgia Vasileiou, Kazuhide Matsushima, Matthew Forestiere, Tiffany Lian, Areg Grigorian, Joni Ricks-Oddie, Jeffry Nahmias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) uses anatomic and/or physiologic variables to predict mortality; however, Injury Severity Score is less reliable for penetrating trauma. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (NSQIP-SRC) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) include functional status and comorbidities. This study evaluates the accuracy of these tools in predicting mortality, length of stay (LOS), and complications for operative penetrating trauma.

Methods: Adult penetrating trauma patients (≥18 y) who underwent surgery within 24 h of admission were included in this subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study at four trauma centers. The …

The Contribution Of De Novo Coding Mutations To Meningomyelocele, Yoo-Jin Jiny Ha, Ashna Nisal, Isaac Tang, Chanjae Lee, Ishani Jhamb, Cassidy Wallace, Robyn Howarth, Sarah Schroeder, Keng Ioi Vong, Naomi Meave, Fiza Jiwani, Chelsea Barrows, Sangmoon Lee, Nan Jiang, Arzoo Patel, Krisha Bagga, Niyati Banka, Liana Friedman, Francisco A Blanco, Seyoung Yu, Soeun Rhee, Hui Su Jeong, Isaac Plutzer, Michael B Major, Béatrice Benoit, Christian Poüs, Caleb Heffner, Zoha Kibar, Gyang Markus Bot, Hope Northrup, Kit Sing Au, Madison Strain, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Richard H Finnell, Joan T Le, Hal S Meltzer, Camila Araujo, Helio R Machado, Roger E Stevenson, Anna Yurrita, Sara Mumtaz, Awais Ahmed, Mulazim Hussain Khara, Osvaldo M Mutchinick, José Ramón Medina-Bereciartu, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Gia Melikishvili, Ahmed I Marwan, Valeria Capra, Mahmoud M Noureldeen, Aida M S Salem, Mahmoud Y Issa, Maha S Zaki, Libin Xu, Ji Eun Lee, Donghyuk Shin, Anna Alkelai, Alan R Shuldiner, Stephen F Kingsmore, Stephen A Murray, Heon Yung Gee, W Todd Miller, Kimberley F Tolias, John B Wallingford, Spina Bifida Sequencing Consortium, Sangwoo Kim, Joseph G Gleeson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Meningomyelocele (also known as spina bifida) is considered to be a genetically complex disease resulting from a failure of the neural tube to close. Individuals with meningomyelocele display neuromotor disability and frequent hydrocephalus, requiring ventricular shunting. A few genes have been proposed to contribute to disease susceptibility, but beyond that it remains unexplained1. We postulated that de novo mutations under purifying selection contribute to the risk of developing meningomyelocele2. Here we recruited a cohort of 851 meningomyelocele trios who required shunting at birth and 732 control trios, and found that de novo likely gene disruption or …

T2-Weighted Imaging Of Rectal Cancer Using A 3d Fast Spin Echo Sequence With And Without Deep Learning Reconstruction: A Reader Study, Dan Nguyen, Sarah Palmquist, Ken-Pin Hwang, Jingfei Ma, Usama Salem, Jia Sun, Xinzeng Wang, Jong Bum Son, Randy Ernst, Peng Wei, Harmeet Kaur, Nir Stanietzky

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To compare image quality and clinical utility of a T2-weighted (T2W) 3-dimensional (3D) fast spin echo (FSE) sequence using deep learning reconstruction (DLR) versus conventional reconstruction for rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: The study included 50 patients with rectal cancer who underwent rectal MRI consecutively between July 7, 2020 and January 20, 2021 using a T2W 3D FSE sequence with DLR and conventional reconstruction. Three radiologists reviewed the two sets of images, scoring overall SNR, motion artifacts, and overall image quality on a 3-point scale and indicating clinical preference for DLR or conventional reconstruction based on those three …

#Genderaffirminghormonetherapy And Health Information On Tiktok: Thematic Content Analysis, Julia Beatini, Nora Yanyi Sun, Julianna K. Coleman, Maetal E. Haas-Kogan, Andrea Pelletier, Deborah Bartz, Alex Sogomon Keuroghlian

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Transgender and gender diverse people often turn to online platforms for information and support regarding gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT); however, analysis of this social media content remains scarce.

OBJECTIVE: We characterized GAHT-related videos on TikTok to highlight the implications relevant to GAHT prescribers.

METHODS: We used a web scraper to identify TikTok videos posted under the hashtags #genderaffirminghormonetherapy and #genderaffirminghormones as of November 2023. We identified recurrent themes via qualitative content analysis and assessed health education videos with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V) scale and a modified Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose (CRAAP) …

Developing An Online Community Advisory Board (Cab) Of Parents From Social Media To Co-Design An Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Intervention: Participatory Research Study, Regan M. Murray, Shawn C. Chiang, Ann C. Klassen, Jennifer A. Manganello, Amy E. Leader, Wen-Juo Lo, Philip M. Massey

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Social media health interventions have grown significantly in recent years. However, researchers are still developing innovative methods to meaningfully engage online communities to inform research activities. Little has been documented describing this approach of using online community advisory boards (CABs) to co-create health communication interventions on social media.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the formation, engagement, and maintenance of an online CAB focused on co-creating a health education intervention for parents regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The study provides guiding principles for public health researchers implementing such CABs in future digital health interventions.

METHODS: In May 2020, Twitter was …

Using The Healthy Native Youth Implementation Toolbox To Provide Web-Based Adolescent Health Promotion Decision Support To American Indian And Alaska Native Communities: Implementation Study, Amrita Sidhu, Ross Shegog, Stephanie Craig-Rushing, Nicole Trevino, Michelle Singer, Cornelia Jessen, Gwenda Gorman, Sean Simpson, Melissa Peskin, Belinda Hernandez, Christine Markham

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth experience numerous health inequities, including those in sexual, reproductive, and mental health. Implementation of culturally relevant, age-appropriate evidence-based programs may mitigate these inequities. However, numerous barriers limit the adoption and implementation of evidence-based adolescent health promotion programs in AI/AN communities.

Objective: This study examines user reach and engagement from 2022 to 2024 of web-based decision support (the Healthy Native Youth [HNY] website and the embedded HNY Implementation Toolbox), designed to increase the implementation of evidence-based adolescent health promotion programming in AI/AN communities.

Methods: Promotional strategies were designed for optimal geographic reach to …

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Analyses In Hispanic/Latino Populations Identify Genes For Cardiometabolic Traits, Lauren E Petty, Hung-Hsin Chen, Elizabeth G Frankel, Wanying Zhu, Carolina G Downie, Mariaelisa Graff, Phillip Lin, Priya Sharma, Xinruo Zhang, Alyssa C Scartozzi, Rashedeh Roshani, Joshua M Landman, Michael Boehnke, Donald W Bowden, John C Chambers, Anubha Mahajan, Mark I Mccarthy, Maggie C Y Ng, Xueling Sim, Cassandra N Spracklen, Weihua Zhang, Michael Preuss, Erwin P Bottinger, Girish N Nadkarni, Ruth J F Loos, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jingyi Tan, Eli Ipp, Pauline Genter, Leslie S Emery, Tin Louie, Tamar Sofer, Adrienne M Stilp, Kent D Taylor, Anny H Xiang, Thomas A Buchanan, Kathryn Roll, Chuan Gao, Nicholette D Palmer, Jill M Norris, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Darryl Nousome, Rohit Varma, Roberta Mckean-Cowdin, Xiuqing Guo, Yang Hai, Willa Hsueh, Kevin Sandow, Esteban J Parra, Miguel Cruz, Adan Valladares-Salgado, Niels Wacher-Rodarte, Jerome I Rotter, Mark O Goodarzi, Stephen S Rich, Alain Bertoni, Leslie J Raffel, Jerry L Nadler, Fouad R Kandeel, Ravindranath Duggirala, John Blangero, Donna M Lehman, Ralph A Defronzo, Farook Thameem, Yujie Wang, Sheila Gahagan, Estela Blanco, Raquel Burrows, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Jose C Florez, Teresa Tusie-Luna, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Lorena Orozco, Christopher A Haiman, Craig L Hanis, Rebecca Rohde, Eric A Whitsel, Alexander P Reiner, Charles Kooperberg, Yun Li, Qing Duan, Miryoung Lee, Paulina Correa-Burrows, Susan K Fried, Kari E North, Joseph B Mccormick, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, Eric R Gamazon, Andrew P Morris, Josep M Mercader, Heather M Highland, Jennifer E Below

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Here, we present a multi-omics study of type 2 diabetes and quantitative blood lipid and lipoprotein traits conducted to date in Hispanic/Latino populations (nmax = 63,184). We conduct a meta-analysis of 16 type 2 diabetes and 19 lipid trait GWAS, identifying 20 genome-wide significant loci for type 2 diabetes, including one novel locus and novel signals at two known loci, based on fine-mapping. We also identify sixty-one genome-wide significant loci across the lipid/lipoprotein traits, including nine novel loci, and novel signals at 19 known loci through fine-mapping. Next, we analyze genetically regulated expression, perform Mendelian randomization, and analyze association with …

Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis Of Body Mass Index Identifies Novel African Ancestry-Specific Risk Allele, Xinruo Zhang, Jennifer A Brody, Mariaelisa Graff, Heather M Highland, Nathalie Chami, Hanfei Xu, Zhe Wang, Kendra R Ferrier, Geetha Chittoor, Navya Shilpa Josyula, Mariah Meyer, Shreyash Gupta, Xihao Li, Zilin Li, Matthew A Allison, Diane M Becker, Lawrence F Bielak, Joshua C Bis, Meher Preethi Boorgula, Donald W Bowden, Jai G Broome, Erin J Buth, Christopher S Carlson, Kyong-Mi Chang, Sameer Chavan, Yen-Feng Chiu, Lee-Ming Chuang, Matthew P Conomos, Dawn L Demeo, Mengmeng Du, Ravindranath Duggirala, Celeste Eng, Alison E Fohner, Barry I Freedman, Melanie E Garrett, Xiuqing Guo, Chris Haiman, Benjamin D Heavner, Bertha Hidalgo, James E Hixson, Yuk-Lam Ho, Brian D Hobbs, Donglei Hu, Qin Hui, Chii-Min Hwu, Rebecca D Jackson, Deepti Jain, Rita R Kalyani, Sharon L R Kardia, Tanika N Kelly, Ethan M Lange, Michael Lenoir, Changwei Li, Loic Le Marchand, Merry-Lynn N Mcdonald, Caitlin P Mchugh, Alanna C Morrison, Take Naseri, Jeffrey O'Connell, Christopher J O'Donnell, Nicholette D Palmer, James S Pankow, James A Perry, Ulrike Peters, Michael H Preuss, D C Rao, Elizabeth A Regan, Sefuiva M Reupena, Dan M Roden, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Colleen M Sitlani, Jennifer A Smith, Hemant K Tiwari, Ramachandran S Vasan, Zeyuan Wang, Daniel E Weeks, Jennifer Wessel, Kerri L Wiggins, Lynne R Wilkens, Peter W F Wilson, Lisa R Yanek, Zachary T Yoneda, Wei Zhao, Sebastian Zöllner, Donna K Arnett, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Kathleen C Barnes, John Blangero, Eric Boerwinkle, Esteban G Burchard, April P Carson, Daniel I Chasman, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Joanne E Curran, Myriam Fornage, Victor R Gordeuk, Jiang He, Susan R Heckbert, Lifang Hou, Marguerite R Irvin, Charles Kooperberg, Ryan L Minster, Braxton D Mitchell, Mehdi Nouraie, Bruce M Psaty, Laura M Raffield, Alexander P Reiner, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, M Benjamin Shoemaker, Nicholas L Smith, Kent D Taylor, Marilyn J Telen, Scott T Weiss, Yingze Zhang, Nancy Heard-Costa, Yan V Sun, Xihong Lin, L Adrienne Cupples, Leslie A Lange, Ching-Ti Liu, Ruth J F Loos, Kari E North, Anne E Justice

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity is a major public health crisis associated with high mortality rates. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) investigating body mass index (BMI) have largely relied on imputed data from European individuals. This study leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 88,873 participants from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, of which 51% were of non-European population groups. We discovered 18 BMI-associated signals (P <  5 × 10

Early Nintedanib Deployment In Covid-19 Interstitial Lung Disease (Endcov-I): Study Protocol Of A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Valeria Santibanez, Aditi Mathur, Jigna Zatakia, Nicole Ng, Michele Cohen, Emilia Bagiella, Stacey-Ann Brown, Ivan O Rosas, Nina M Patel, Amy Olson, Peide Li, Maria Padilla

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: In December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 triggered a global pneumonia outbreak, leading to millions of deaths worldwide. A subset of survivors faces increased morbidity and mortality, particularly due to subacute lung injury evolving to chronic fibrosing interstitial lung disease. While nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, shows promise in treating progressive fibrotic lung disease, limited randomised trial data exists for post-COVID-19-induced lung injury. We hypothesise that treatment with nintedanib may attenuate advancement to the fibrotic stages, offering a potential avenue for improving outcomes in this specific patient subset.

Methods and analysis: We describe the design of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled …

Findings From A Qualitative Analysis: Social Media Influencers Of Color As Trusted Messengers Of Hpv Vaccination Messages, Amelia Burke-Garcia, Erin Cutroneo, Dasha Afanaseva, Kayla Madden, Angela Sustaita-Ruiz, Preethi Selvan, Estefany Rivera Sanchez, Amy Leader

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite HPV vaccination reducing the prevalence of cervical cancer by 90%, vaccination rates remain lower among communities of color due to vaccine hesitancy and mistrust in traditional public health messengers. The emergence of social media influencers, a newer kind of messenger, presents a unique opportunity to share immunization messages in new ways with a variety of communities. This paper reviews the qualitative findings from a study aimed at assessing influencers' perceptions of and approaches to sharing messaging about the HPV vaccine.

METHODS: Guided by several theories (Theory of Planned Behavior, Narrative Theory, and Opinion Leader Theory), the study team …

Hbv Transmission Knowledge Among Korean-American Chronic Hepatitis B Patients In The United States, Giyoung Lee, Hee-Soon Juon, Eunji Kim, Katherine C Smith, Hie-Won Hann, Mimi Chang, Ann C. Klassen

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a condition that disproportionately affects Asian Americans in the United States. Knowledge of transmission is crucial for CHB patients to practice prevention methods to limit the spread of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but also live their lives free from unwarranted fears or restrictions. Among Asian CHB patients, several misperceptions about HBV transmission have been identified. This analysis aims to assess the current state of HBV knowledge among a cohort of Korean-American CHB patients. This mixed-methods study includes 363 respondents who completed a survey in either Korean (N = 298) or English (N = 65) …

Frequency Of Variants In Mendelian Alzheimer’S Disease Genes Within The Alzheimer’S Disease Sequencing Project, Dongyu Wang, Alexandra Scalici, Yanbing Wang, Honghuang Lin, Achilleas Pitsillides, Nancy Heard-Costa, Carlos Cruchaga, Ellen Ziegemeier, Joshua C Bis, Myriam Fornage, Eric Boerwinkle, Philip L De Jager, Ellen Wijsman, Josée Dupuis, Alan E Renton, Sudha Seshadri, Alison M Goate, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Adni), The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project, Anita L Destefano, Gina M Peloso

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Prior studies examined variants within presenilin-2 (PSEN2), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. However, previously-reported clinically-relevant variants and other predicted damaging missense (DM) variants have not been characterized in a newer release of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

Objective:

To characterize previously-reported clinically-relevant variants and DM variants in PSEN2, PSEN1, APP within the participants from the ADSP.

Methods:

We identified rare variants (MAF< 1%) in PSEN2, PSEN1, and APP in 14,641 individuals with whole genome sequencing and 16,849 individuals with whole exome sequencing available (Ntotal = 31,490). We additionally curated …

Soluble Mesothelin-Related Peptide As A Prognosticator In Pleural Mesothelioma Patients Receiving Checkpoint Immunotherapy, Sonali Mitra, Hee-Jin Jang, Allen Kuncheria, Sung Wook Kang, Jong Min Choi, Ji Seon Shim, Claire Lee, Priyanka Ranchod, Peter Jindra, Maheshwari Ramineni, Meera Patel, R Taylor Ripley, Shawn S Groth, Shanda H Blackmon, Bryan M Burt, Hyun-Sung Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has significantly impacted the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Despite some promising results from combination therapies, nearly half of MPM patients do not benefit, underscoring the urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers. This study assesses the prognostic value of serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and PD-L1 levels in MPM patients receiving ICT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 125 MPM patients treated with ICT by measuring pre-ICT serum levels of SMRP and PD-L1. We also examined the correlation of these serum levels with tumor mRNA expressions of mesothelin and PD-L1. Both univariable and …

Warm-Ischemia And Cold Storage Induced Modulation Of Ferroptosis Observed In Human Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death And Brain Death, Shiyi Li, Katherine V Nordick, Abdussalam E Elsenousi, Rishav Bhattacharya, Randall P Kirby, Adel M Hassan, Camila Hochman-Mendez, Todd K Rosengart, Kenneth K Liao, Nandan K Mondal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We investigated ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death mechanism, in human hearts donated after brain death (DBD) and those donated after circulatory death (DCD), focusing on warm ischemia time (WIT) and cold storage. A total of 24 hearts were procured, with six from the DBD group and 18 from the DCD group. The DCD group was divided into three subgroups, each containing six hearts, based on different WITs of 20, 40, and 60 min. All procured hearts were placed in cold storage for up to 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. …

Learning Tracheal Intubation With A Hyperangulated Videolaryngoscopy Blade: Sub-Analysis Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Sascha Ott, Lukas M Müller-Wirtz, Sergio Bustamante, Julian Rössler, Nikolaos J Skubas, Karan Shah, Daniel I Sessler, Alparslan Turan, Kurt Ruetzler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The number of tracheal intubation attempts required to reach proficiency in videolaryngoscopy with hyperangulated blades is unknown. Understanding this training requirement might guide training for clinicians who perform laryngoscopy. We therefore performed a planned sub-analysis of a randomised controlled trial comparing tracheal intubation success with videolaryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy to determine the number of tracheal intubations with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blade needed to provide an acceptable first-attempt success rate.

Methods: We included clinicians from a randomised controlled trial who were familiar with direct laryngoscopy and Macintosh-blade videolaryngoscopy but inexperienced with hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy. Cumulative sum statistics were used to generate …

Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis Provides Insights Into The Etiology Of Heart Failure And Its Subtypes, Albert Henry, Xiaodong Mo, Chris Finan, Mark D Chaffin, Doug Speed, Hanane Issa, Spiros Denaxas, James S Ware, Sean L Zheng, Anders Malarstig, Jasmine Gratton, Isabelle Bond, Carolina Roselli, David Miller, Sandesh Chopade, A Floriaan Schmidt, Erik Abner, Lance Adams, Charlotte Andersson, Krishna G Aragam, Johan Ärnlöv, Geraldine Asselin, Anna Axelsson Raja, Joshua D Backman, Traci M Bartz, Kiran J Biddinger, Mary L Biggs, Heather L Bloom, Eric Boersma, Jeffrey Brandimarto, Michael R Brown, Søren Brunak, Mie Topholm Bruun, Leonard Buckbinder, Henning Bundgaard, David J Carey, Daniel I Chasman, Xing Chen, James P Cook, Tomasz Czuba, Simon De Denus, Abbas Dehghan, Graciela E Delgado, Alexander S Doney, Marcus Dörr, Joseph Dowsett, Samuel C Dudley, Gunnar Engström, Christian Erikstrup, Tõnu Esko, Eric H Farber-Eger, Stephan B Felix, Sarah Finer, Ian Ford, Mohsen Ghanbari, Sahar Ghasemi, Jonas Ghouse, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Franco Giulianini, John S Gottdiener, Stefan Gross, Daníel F Guðbjartsson, Hongsheng Gui, Rebecca Gutmann, Sara Hägg, Christopher M Haggerty, Åsa K Hedman, Anna Helgadottir, Harry Hemingway, Hans Hillege, Craig L Hyde, Bitten Aagaard Jensen, J Wouter Jukema, Isabella Kardys, Ravi Karra, Maryam Kavousi, Jorge R Kizer, Marcus E Kleber, Lars Køber, Andrea Koekemoer, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Yi-Pin Lai, David Lanfear, Claudia Langenberg, Honghuang Lin, Lars Lind, Cecilia M Lindgren, Peter P Liu, Barry London, Brandon D Lowery, Jian'an Luan, Steven A Lubitz, Patrik Magnusson, Kenneth B Margulies, Nicholas A Marston, Hilary Martin, Winfried März, Olle Melander, Ify R Mordi, Michael P Morley, Andrew P Morris, Alanna C Morrison, Lori Morton, Michael W Nagle, Christopher P Nelson, Alexander Niessner, Teemu Niiranen, Raymond Noordam, Christoph Nowak, Michelle L O'Donoghue, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Anjali T Owens, Colin N A Palmer, Guillaume Paré, Ole Birger Pedersen, Markus Perola, Marie Pigeyre, Bruce M Psaty, Kenneth M Rice, Paul M Ridker, Simon P R Romaine, Jerome I Rotter, Christian T Ruff, Marc S Sabatine, Neneh Sallah, Veikko Salomaa, Naveed Sattar, Alaa A Shalaby, Akshay Shekhar, Diane T Smelser, Nicholas L Smith, Erik Sørensen, Sundararajan Srinivasan, Kari Stefansson, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Per Svensson, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Jean-Claude Tardif, Maris Teder-Laving, Alexander Teumer, Guðmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Vinicius Tragante, Stella Trompet, Andre G Uitterlinden, Henrik Ullum, Pim Van Der Harst, David Van Heel, Jessica Van Setten, Marion Van Vugt, Abirami Veluchamy, Monique Verschuuren, Niek Verweij, Christoffer Rasmus Vissing, Uwe Völker, Adriaan A Voors, Lars Wallentin, Yunzhang Wang, Peter E Weeke, Kerri L Wiggins, L Keoki Williams, Yifan Yang, Bing Yu, Faiez Zannad, Chaoqun Zheng, Folkert W Asselbergs, Thomas P Cappola, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Michael E Dunn, Chim C Lang, Nilesh J Samani, Svati Shah, Ramachandran S Vasan, J Gustav Smith, Hilma Holm, Sonia Shah, Patrick T Ellinor, Aroon D Hingorani, Quinn Wells, R Thomas Lumbers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While distinct clinical subtypes, defined by etiology and left ventricular ejection fraction, are well recognized, their genetic determinants remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study of HF and its subtypes in a sample of 1.9 million individuals. A total of 153,174 individuals had HF, of whom 44,012 had a nonischemic etiology (ni-HF). A subset of patients with ni-HF were stratified based on left ventricular systolic function, where data were available, identifying 5,406 individuals with reduced ejection fraction and 3,841 with preserved ejection fraction. …

Environmental Health Disparities In Pediatric Cancer: A Report From The Fourth Symposium On Childhood Cancer Health Disparities, Thanh T Hoang, Zdenko Herceg, Don W Coulter, Adam De Smith, Manish Arora, William E Funk, David Haynes, Stephen H Linder, Leticia M Nogueira, Amy E Hughes, Lindsay A Williams, Jeremy M Schraw, Michael E Scheurer, Philip J Lupo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The 4th Symposium on Childhood Cancer Health Disparities was held at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas, on September 26, 2023. The symposium registered 94 attendees from different backgrounds (e.g. clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure assessment scientists, geospatial experts) with an interest in environmental health disparities of pediatric cancer susceptibility and treatment outcomes. The focus of the symposium was to provide an overview of the role of environmental risk factors in studies of pediatric cancer, introduce novel exposure assessment tools that can be applied to the field, and highlight opportunities to study the impact of environmental health disparities in pediatric cancer susceptibility …

Individualized Blood Pressure Regulation And Acute Kidney Injury In Older Patients Having Major Abdominal Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Trial, Zhaohua Pang, Shuang Liang, Nannan Zhou, Xiaoyan Zhu, Qulian Guo, Daniel I Sessler, Wangyuan Zou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication, and hypotension may contribute. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that individualized intraoperative blood pressure regulation reduces postoperative AKI in older surgical patients.

Methods: We enrolled patients ≥60 years old scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery with invasive arterial pressure monitoring. All had goal-directed fluid management based on stroke volume variation cardiac output, and administration of a starch. Participants were randomly assigned to: (1) individualized blood pressure management targeting a systolic blood pressure (SBP) within -20% and +10% if baseline SBP was ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was ≥80 …

A Phase I Study Of The Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Safety Of Liposomal Bupivacaine For Sciatic Nerve Block In The Popliteal Fossa For Bunionectomy, Daniel I Sessler, Xiaodong Bao, David Leiman, Jia Song, Jason Chittenden, Alexander Voelkner, Alparslan Turan, Jeffrey Gadsden

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This trial assessed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of liposomal bupivacaine given via ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block with or without immediate-release bupivacaine hydrochloride in adults having bunionectomies. Forty-five adults were enrolled into four sequential cohorts: (1) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (2) liposomal bupivacaine 133 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (3) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg; or (4) bupivacaine hydrochloride 100 mg. Outcomes included pharmacokinetics (e.g., bupivacaine maximum plasma concentration [C

Apoe And Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias Risk Among 12,221 Hispanics/Latinos, Sandra Barral, Zikun Yang, Nicole Phillips, Robert C Barber, Adam M Brickman, Lawrence S Honig, Basilio Cieza, Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer, Richard Mayeux, Farid Rajabli, Michael L Cuccaro, Jeffery M Vance, Silvia Mejia Arango, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Alejandra Michaels Obregon, Rosa Montesinos, Marcio Soto-Añari, Juan Carlos Duran, Maria Cusicanqui, Ivonne Z Jimenez Velazquez, Victoria Marca, Maryenela Illanes-Manrique, Mario Cornejo-Olivas, Margaret Pericak-Vance, Rebeca Wong, Sid O'Bryant, Nilton Custodio, Giuseppe Tosto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk is heterogeneous across populations, with scarce data on Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: APOE genotype was studied in 12,221 Hispanics/Latinos (per cohort and via metanalysis): Caribbean-Hispanics, Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, and Peruvians/Bolivians. A subsample had longitudinal assessment and plasma p-tau. We tested the modifying effects of global and local ancestries. Results were replicated in an independent Peruvian cohort and brain samples.

Results: APOE ε4 effect was strongest in Peruvians/Bolivians (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.71-13.83), followed by Mexicans (OR = 4.31, 95% CI = 1.58-11.74), Mexican-Americans …

Factors Associated With Shock At Presentation In Kawasaki Disease Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19., Supriya S. Jain, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Simon Lee, Geetha Raghuveer, Nagib Dahdah, Michael Khoury, Michael A. Portman, Melissa Wehrmann, Arash A. Sabati, Marianna Fabi, Deepika Thacker, Nilanjana Misra, Mark D. Hicar, Nadine F. Choueiter, Matthew D. Elias, Audrey Dionne, William B. Orr, Jacqueline R. Szmuszkovicz, Seda Selamet Tierney, Luis Martin Garrido-Garcia, Frederic Dallaire, Balasubramanian Sundaram, Deepa Prasad, Tyler H. Harris, Elizabeth Braunlin, Elisa Fernandez Cooke, Cedric Manlhiot, Pedrom Farid, Brian W. Mccrindle, International Kawasaki Disease Registry

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: While clinical overlap between Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been evident, information regarding those presenting with shock has been limited. We sought to determine associations with shock within and between diagnosis groups.

METHODS: The International KD Registry enrolled contemporaneous patients with either KD or MIS-C from 39 sites in 7 countries from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. Demographics, clinical features and presentation, management, laboratory values, and outcomes were compared between the diagnosis and shock groups.

RESULTS: Shock at presentation was noted for 19 of 672 KD patients (2.8%) and 653 of …

Effects Of Smoking Behavior On Lung Metastasis In The All Of Us Research Program, Vikram R Shaw, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Smoking may be associated with an increased risk of lung metastasis in cancers of non-lung origin. We leverage survey and electronic health record data from the diverse All of Us Research Program (AoURP) database to investigate whether smoking and smoking-related behaviors increase the risk of lung metastasis in non-lung primary cancers. The results suggest that cigarette use, measured by four continuous variables, does not increase the risk of lung metastasis in seven common cancer types but demonstrates a small significant effect in a cohort including all types of cancer in the database in both univariable and multivariable analyses. An increased …