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Articles 2041 - 2070 of 2228
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
Factors Affecting The Outputs And Costs Of Community-Based Distribution Of Family Planning Services In Tanzania, Jane Chege, Naomi Rutenberg, Barbara Janowitz, Andrew Thompson
Factors Affecting The Outputs And Costs Of Community-Based Distribution Of Family Planning Services In Tanzania, Jane Chege, Naomi Rutenberg, Barbara Janowitz, Andrew Thompson
Reproductive Health
This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of reimbursement schemes for community-based distribution (CBD) programs in Tanzania, and answers whether agents who receive monetary incentives perform better and are more cost-effective than those that receive nonmonetary incentives. Fieldwork was undertaken in April and May 1997, and data forming the basis of the analysis was collected from four CBD programs. These programs vary in their remuneration schemes and status of their CBD agents, size, and geographical coverage; the range of activities undertaken by the agents; and supervision and management structures. As noted in this report, CBD agents who receive monetary remuneration see more …
Youth Talk About Sexuality: A Participatory Assessment Of Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health In Lusaka, Zambia, Tamara Fetters, Evans Mupela, Naomi Rutenberg
Youth Talk About Sexuality: A Participatory Assessment Of Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health In Lusaka, Zambia, Tamara Fetters, Evans Mupela, Naomi Rutenberg
Reproductive Health
Thirty-six percent of Zambia’s 9 million inhabitants are between 10 and 19 years of age, and most adolescents are sexually active by their mid-teens. Pregnant teenagers have an elevated risk of maternal mortality and complications related to birth. In 1990, at Lusaka’s University Teaching Hospital, self-induced abortion accounted for up to 30 percent of maternal mortality, and one-quarter of these deaths occurred in women under 18 years. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health problem for adolescents, yet only a small proportion protect themselves from pregnancy and STIs. There are many barriers to improving the situation, including opposition by …
Getting Men Involved In Family Planning: Experiences From An Innovative Program, Directorate Of Family Planning, National Institute Of Population Research And Training, Population Council
Getting Men Involved In Family Planning: Experiences From An Innovative Program, Directorate Of Family Planning, National Institute Of Population Research And Training, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This study was designed to determine the effect of interventions on accelerated proactive male involvement in family planning (FP) and factors influencing acceptance of male contraceptive methods. It was observed that a program can be successful if management cadres can be motivated and involved in the process. Other findings suggest the importance of education and communication materials, supply of information, orientation of fieldworkers, and mobilization of resources including hands-on refresher training. Misconceptions about male contraception (particularly vasectomy) are rampant in traditional Bangladeshi society, thus ideas should be positively expressed through visual aids. Among the various communications materials, at least one …
Involving Private Medical Practitioners In Family Planning Services In Bangladesh, Abu Yusuf Choudhury, Ubaidur Rob, Sharif M.I. Hossain
Involving Private Medical Practitioners In Family Planning Services In Bangladesh, Abu Yusuf Choudhury, Ubaidur Rob, Sharif M.I. Hossain
Reproductive Health
The project "Involving Private Medical Practitioners (PMPs) in Family Planning Services" is an innovative initiative to involve PMPs in protecting the reproductive health (RH) of couples, attract private investment in the family planning (FP) sector, and eventually reduce the increasing financial pressure on the government. The project was implemented in two phases. In phase I, qualified PMPs from urban areas were given training on FP. In phase II, nonqualified PMPs were given training on FP. PIACT Bangladesh, a local NGO, conducted two pilot projects to involve the PMPs in FP. The first one was to involve qualified PMPs in urban …
Family Planning Operations Research: A Book Of Readings, James R. Foreit, Tomas Frejka
Family Planning Operations Research: A Book Of Readings, James R. Foreit, Tomas Frejka
Reproductive Health
For as long as there have been family planning programs, there has been family planning research. At the theoretical level, researchers examine the effect of fertility on health and socioeconomic development and study the determinants of fertility for individuals and populations. At the policy level, studies explore the role of family planning programs in modifying fertility and health. The development of new contraceptives is accompanied by clinical and pre-introductory trials in program settings. Surveys measure changes in contraceptive use and fertility, and the results are used to make decisions affecting programs. Finally, programs themselves carry out operations research (OR) to …
Do Population Policies Matter? Fertility And Politics In Egypt, India, Kenya, And Mexico, Anrudh K. Jain
Do Population Policies Matter? Fertility And Politics In Egypt, India, Kenya, And Mexico, Anrudh K. Jain
Reproductive Health
How are effective population policies articulated and implemented? Have international agencies played a strong role in prompting developing-country governments to adopt and implement strong population policies? How has the international debate influenced deliberations on population issues in developing countries? The impetus for the four country studies presented in this book was provided by a desire to better understand some of these issues within specific contexts. Egypt, India, Kenya, and Mexico were selected because of their demographic weight, a long history of population policies and programs, and evidence of fertility decline. The four country studies examine the influence of many forces …
Integrating Rti Case Management Within Lgu Health Centers: An Intervention Study, Marilou P. Costello, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Chona R. Echavez, Jesus Encena, Jocelyn Ilagan, Orlando Pagulayan
Integrating Rti Case Management Within Lgu Health Centers: An Intervention Study, Marilou P. Costello, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Chona R. Echavez, Jesus Encena, Jocelyn Ilagan, Orlando Pagulayan
Reproductive Health
In 1994, the Philippines’ Department of Health began assessing the feasibility of syndromic management—utilizing flowcharts and algorithms—for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in the country’s public health facilities. This intervention, in seven primary health care clinics, trained service providers on RTI case management, improved clinical facilities and laboratories, provided supportive supervision and TA, along with developing training materials. Clinical case management was observed for a six month period. The project also included a cost analysis.
A Study Of Women's Preferences Regarding The Formulation Of Over-The-Counter Vaginal Spermicides, Christiana Coggins, Christopher J. Elias, Ronachai Atisook, Mary T. Bassett, Virginie Ettiegne-Traore, Peter D. Ghys, Laura Jenkins-Woelk, Earmporn Thongkrajai, Nancy L. Vandevanter
A Study Of Women's Preferences Regarding The Formulation Of Over-The-Counter Vaginal Spermicides, Christiana Coggins, Christopher J. Elias, Ronachai Atisook, Mary T. Bassett, Virginie Ettiegne-Traore, Peter D. Ghys, Laura Jenkins-Woelk, Earmporn Thongkrajai, Nancy L. Vandevanter
Reproductive Health
There is an urgent need for safe, effective, and acceptable vaginal barrier methods for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, and a variety of existing spermicides have the potential to be used for both prevention of STDs and unwanted pregnancy. Unfortunately, very little is known about formulation preferences and the desirable characteristics of vaginal preparations among the diverse populations of women who would potentially use these products. In this study, we explored vaginal spermicidal preparations containing nonoxynol-9 and the characteristics that influence user preferences for three formulations, as well as the risk of vaginal and cervical irritation …
Ensuring Community Participation In Mch/Fp Activities: Lessons Learned From A Pilot Project, Abbas Bhuiya, Ubaidur Rob, Maruf Rabban Quaderi
Ensuring Community Participation In Mch/Fp Activities: Lessons Learned From A Pilot Project, Abbas Bhuiya, Ubaidur Rob, Maruf Rabban Quaderi
Reproductive Health
Family planning (FP) and maternal and child health (MCH) in Bangladesh have achieved commendable success in the recent past, mostly through a large-scale government service-delivery system supported by donors and nongovernmental organizations. Although encouraged by this success, there was concern about programmatic, financial, and social sustainability of the program, including quality of services. It is now believed that most of these concerns will be taken care of if effective community participation can be ensured. A pilot project was initiated in 1997 in Anowara, a low-FP-performing area in rural Chittagong, with assistance from the Population Council. The main objective of the …
Management Support For Postabortion Operations Research At The Egyptian Fertility Care Society, Population Council
Management Support For Postabortion Operations Research At The Egyptian Fertility Care Society, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The ANE OR/TA Project started its first five-year phase in 1991 addressing increased choice and accessibility of contraceptive use, promoting quality of family planning (FP) services in Asia and the Near East, and promoting the use of operations research (OR) to solve service-delivery problems. The first phase emphasized human resource development. During the years leading up to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there was increased global attention to issues related to reproductive health (RH), and in particular the adverse health implications of harmful RH practices, including unsafe abortion. OR was being called upon to help implement this …
Follow-Up Household Survey In Agra District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, V.S. Sridhar, Tilak Mukherjee
Follow-Up Household Survey In Agra District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, V.S. Sridhar, Tilak Mukherjee
Reproductive Health
This follow-up household survey in Agra District, India, was conducted with funding from USAID under the Population Council’s Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. The main objective of this study, as noted in this report, is to assess changes in the program indicators of family welfare activities, including some of the selected reproductive health indicators, from 1995 (before method-specific targets were withdrawn) and 1997 (30 months after targets were withdrawn). The study’s objectives are to detect changes in FP knowledge and use among currently married women in rural areas; detect changes in level of …
Follow-Up Household Survey In Sitapur District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, B.P. Thiagrajan, Tausif Alam Khan, Hemlata Sadhwani
Follow-Up Household Survey In Sitapur District, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, B.P. Thiagrajan, Tausif Alam Khan, Hemlata Sadhwani
Reproductive Health
This follow-up household survey in Sitapur, India, was conducted with funding from USAID under the Population Council's Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. The main objective of the study, as noted in this report, is to assess changes in the program indicators of family welfare activities, including some of the selected reproductive health indicators, from 1994–95 (before the method-specific targets were withdrawn) and 1997 (30 months after the targets were withdrawn). The study has the following immediate objectives: detect changes in family planning (FP) knowledge and use among currently married women in rural areas; …
Observations From A Study Tour Of Bangladesh And Indonesia On Their Family Welfare Programme, M.E. Khan, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, Ubaidur Rob, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Observations From A Study Tour Of Bangladesh And Indonesia On Their Family Welfare Programme, M.E. Khan, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, Ubaidur Rob, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Reproductive Health
Bangladesh has a successful family planning (FP) program and has succeeded in bringing about a demographic transition at a much faster rate than many of its neighboring countries. The contraceptive prevalence rate in Bangladesh increased from 3 percent in 1971 to 45 percent in 1993, and the fertility rate decreased from 7.0 to 3.4 births per woman during the same period. This reflects the effort that the Government of Bangladesh, with the help of international agencies, has made to educate couples about FP and increase access and choice of contraceptive methods, even in remote areas. Another predominantly Muslim country that …
Monitoring Of Macro-Level Family Planning Quality Of Care Indicators, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Monitoring Of Macro-Level Family Planning Quality Of Care Indicators, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Reproductive Health
The success of population development in Indonesia can be seen partly from success in reducing population growth. Population growth has declined from 2.32 percent (1971–80) to 1.98 percent (1980–90), and then to 1.66 percent (1990–95). The continued slowing of population growth is expected to bring expanded opportunities for economic development and improved quality of life. The success of family planning (FP) programs cannot be judged solely on reduction of population growth but should also be judged in terms of quality of care (QOC) and success in helping women achieve their reproductive goals. The Indonesian National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) …
Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan
Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan
Reproductive Health
In Indonesia, collaboration between the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia, National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), UNFPA Jakarta, and the Population Council resulted in production and distribution of two prototype modules as basic materials on reproductive health for families with school-age children and adolescents. An updated version for both parents and adolescents was published by BKKBN. The Population Council believed that international versions (in English) would be of value, as the gaps in information are similar worldwide with respect to topics covered by these modules. Youth are constantly thirsty for knowledge pertaining to their health, particularly their reproductive …
Towards Safe Womanhood: Supporting Safe Motherhood Initiatives And Women's Participation In Development, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Towards Safe Womanhood: Supporting Safe Motherhood Initiatives And Women's Participation In Development, Meiwita B. Iskandar
Reproductive Health
Improvement in a woman’s quality of life is a prerequisite for development of human resources, because the quality of children’s physical and mental development is inextricably tied to the health and welfare of women as future mothers. If a mother is well protected during the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, the risk of illness and other problems in fetuses and newborn babies will be reduced. On the other hand, if a woman does not survive the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, her fetus or newborn will also be threatened. This paper provides a situation analysis of pregnant women, women in …
Country Profile Of Women's Health And Development In Indonesia, Population Council
Country Profile Of Women's Health And Development In Indonesia, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The “Country Profile of Women’s Health and Development in Indonesia” contains a thorough review of the following: Geographical, Political, Socio-Demographic, and Economic Profile of Indonesia; Status of Women; and Women’s Health Status. In view of the complexity of the problems facing women, the document concludes that Indonesia needs a plan for the future with a gender perspective that prioritizes increased life expectancy, legal protection, and empowerment for women. To reach this goal, Indonesia started by ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and set it into law in 1984. This convention, together with …
Technical Assistance To Enhance The Institutionalization Of Operations Research Within The Philippines Family Planning Program, Population Council
Technical Assistance To Enhance The Institutionalization Of Operations Research Within The Philippines Family Planning Program, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This technical assistance project supports the goal of the Asia Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) project of helping strengthen family planning (FP)/reproductive health (RH) operations research (OR) capabilities in the Philippines. During the extension period of the ANE OR/TA project, four OR studies were implemented in the Philippines dealing with cross-cutting issues, including a study to assess the feasibility of integrating RTI management within FP/MCH programs; an intervention study dealing with improving quality of care via expanded FP counseling; an intervention to address high unmet need in Pangasinan Province; and an intervention study to increase male …
The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly Movement In Indonesia, Abdullah Cholil, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Rosalia Sciortino
The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly Movement In Indonesia, Abdullah Cholil, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Rosalia Sciortino
Reproductive Health
The focus of this book is the Mother Friendly Movement in Indonesia, a collective effort to reduce maternal mortality. The idea of documenting the Mother Friendly Movement or Gerekan Sayang Ibu (GSI) was originally suggested by Her Excellency Mien Sugandhi, the State Minister for the Role of Women, Republic of Indonesia, in the belief that the Indonesian experience in reducing maternal mortality would be relevant to other countries struggling with the same problem. The authors were entrusted with producing an illustrated monograph on the pilot projects implemented in eight districts from June to December 1997. Besides extensively monitoring these activities, …
Male Involvement Through Reproductive Health Awareness In Bukidnon Province, The Philippines: An Intervention Study, Lita Palma-Sealza, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Male Involvement Through Reproductive Health Awareness In Bukidnon Province, The Philippines: An Intervention Study, Lita Palma-Sealza, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Reproductive Health
Recent years have been characterized by an increasing consensus that, in order to support women's goals and aspirations, health programs directed to the improvement of women's and children's health must consider men's perspectives. Although family planning (FP) is often viewed as the woman's responsibility, men have an important role in decisions of whether FP will be practiced and which method will be used. Even though gender relations in the Philippines are often characterized as being relatively egalitarian, there are several reasons for believing that male involvement in FP is highly relevant for this country. Studies indicate that not only are …
Improving Quality Of Care In Fp/Rh Of Selected Communities Of Pangasinan Province: An Intervention Study, Zelda C. Zablan, Josefina V. Cabigon, Luzviminda Muego, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Improving Quality Of Care In Fp/Rh Of Selected Communities Of Pangasinan Province: An Intervention Study, Zelda C. Zablan, Josefina V. Cabigon, Luzviminda Muego, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Reproductive Health
This intervention study was designed to improve the quality of family planning (FP) services within the Integrated Family Planning and Maternal Health Program of the Pangasinan Population and Family Planning Program in the Philippines. It addresses high unmet need and studies the feasibility of enhancing quality of services by training service providers in fixed clinics and orienting outreach workers on the method of identifying women who have unmet need for FP. Four municipalities were chosen from the 47 municipalities comprising the province of Pangasinan and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Four indicators were used to match the chosen …
Dual Protection In An Integrated Community-Based Program: A Case Study Of Tanzania Family Health/Ministry Of Health Project In Mbeya, Grace Mbekem, Jane Chege
Dual Protection In An Integrated Community-Based Program: A Case Study Of Tanzania Family Health/Ministry Of Health Project In Mbeya, Grace Mbekem, Jane Chege
Reproductive Health
One of the most pressing challenges for health programs in most sub-Saharan African countries is effectively addressing the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Recent evidence suggests that controlling sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) through undertaking preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment significantly slows the spread of HIV/AIDS. In regard to STI/HIV, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Family Planning (FP) clients are described as “low risk” groups. However, in a number of sub-Saharan African countries, the reported levels of STDs are significantly high enough to justify use of limited resources to target this group for STD services. MCH/FP programs have begun to …
An Assessment Of Community-Based Family Planning Programs In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew
An Assessment Of Community-Based Family Planning Programs In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
Kenya has a long history of using community-based distribution (CBD) as an integral part of its family planning (FP) program. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of CBD programs in terms of providing information and services, to learn more about the determinants of program effectiveness, and to attempt to compare the programs’ cost-effectiveness. Fieldwork was undertaken in mid-1995 when data were collected from seven of the major CBD programs in Kenya. Four rural and three urban programs were included, as were programs that remunerated their agents and those that did not, and programs that had full-time …
Counseling The Husbands Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt: Effects On Husband Involvement, Patient Recovery And Contraceptive Use, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Laila Nawar
Counseling The Husbands Of Postabortion Patients In Egypt: Effects On Husband Involvement, Patient Recovery And Contraceptive Use, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Laila Nawar
Reproductive Health
An ANE OR/TA Project qualitative study conducted in 1995 probed into women’s perceptions of abortion in Egypt, and the stress that postabortion patients experience during recovery. That study drew attention to the important role husbands can play in their wives’ recovery and subsequent use of contraception. This study was designed to test the effects of involving husbands in the postabortion medical-care process. Overall, the study indicates that providing counseling to husbands of postabortion patients is feasible, as the majority of husbands either accompanied their wife on admission or at discharge from the hospital. However, administrative changes are needed to enhance …
Situation Analysis Of Lgu Health Centers For Integrating Rti Management Within The Philippines Fp/Mch Program, Jesus Encena, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Situation Analysis Of Lgu Health Centers For Integrating Rti Management Within The Philippines Fp/Mch Program, Jesus Encena, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez
Reproductive Health
A Situation Analysis (SA) was conducted in seven local government health centers as part of a larger project studying the feasibility of integrating RTI services within the existing Family Planning/Reproductive Health Program of the Department of Health (DOH). The SA was part of a series of baseline activities conducted by the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Project as part of its study on Integrating RTI Management in Local Government Unit Health Centers. It was conducted by Population Council, Manila, for the DOH. Participating health centers were located in a large and highly urbanized community, a medium-sized city, and two …
Beliefs And Practices About Reproductive Tract Infections: Findings From A Series Of Philippine Fgds, Marilou Palabrica-Costello, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Chona R. Echavez, Cecilia Conaco, Mariano Santiago
Beliefs And Practices About Reproductive Tract Infections: Findings From A Series Of Philippine Fgds, Marilou Palabrica-Costello, Carmeli Marie Chaves, Chona R. Echavez, Cecilia Conaco, Mariano Santiago
Reproductive Health
The past decade has been characterized by increasing concern about the medical, social, and economic problems associated with reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The goal of preventing and curing RTIs is now being prioritized by public health agencies in the developing world. Very little research has been conducted on the problem of RTIs in the local context, and it would be helpful for program managers if the knowledge and beliefs now being held about RTIs were more clearly delineated. Knowing more about the way in which these illnesses are viewed by the community, about traditional practices for preventing and curing RTIs, …
Postabortion Care Services In Kenya: Baseline Findings Of An Operations Research Study, Julie Solo, Deborah L. Billings
Postabortion Care Services In Kenya: Baseline Findings Of An Operations Research Study, Julie Solo, Deborah L. Billings
Reproductive Health
In Kenya, as throughout the world, the health consequences of unsafe abortion for women of reproductive age are significant. Hospital-based studies in Nairobi have shown that unsafely induced abortion accounts for as much as 35 percent of pregnancy-related mortality and at least 50 percent of hospitals’ gynecological admissions. The concept of postabortion care (emergency treatment, postabortion family planning counseling and services, links between emergency abortion treatment services and comprehensive reproductive health care) has gained wide acceptance as one model of providing comprehensive care to women suffering from abortion complications. Integration of these three components is rarely found in public health …
Study Of Adolescents: Dynamics Of Perception, Attitude, Knowledge And Use Of Reproductive Health Care, Syed Jahangeer Haider, Shamsun Nehar Saleh, Nahid Kamal, Alan Gray
Study Of Adolescents: Dynamics Of Perception, Attitude, Knowledge And Use Of Reproductive Health Care, Syed Jahangeer Haider, Shamsun Nehar Saleh, Nahid Kamal, Alan Gray
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior related to reproductive health (RH) and sexual matters underlie all the conditions that family planning/maternal and child health (FP/MCH) programs address, thus these are important issues for FP researchers, population policymakers, and service providers. To achieve significant levels of fertility or mortality declines, participation of adolescents in reproductive health programs, including FP/MCH, is essential. Studies focusing on sexuality and attitudes of adolescents on RH, and the interacting influences of family, community, and the social sector developmental programs (health, FP/MCH, education, women’s development) would give useful revelations. This report presents findings from a study that was designed …
Reproductive Control In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman
Reproductive Control In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The controversial state-sponsored family planning program officially began in South Africa in 1974. Although the government did not implement the program on a racial basis, the program was widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers, and was attacked by detractors as a program of social and political control. In spite of the hostile environment, black women’s use of services steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the social and political context of racial domination and individual fertility behavior. It argues that the quantitative ‘success’ of the family planning program …
Transition To Adulthood Of Female Factory Workers: Some Evidence From Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Ian Diamond, Ruchira Tabassum Naved, Margaret Newby
Transition To Adulthood Of Female Factory Workers: Some Evidence From Bangladesh, Sajeda Amin, Ian Diamond, Ruchira Tabassum Naved, Margaret Newby
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The rapidly expanding sector of garment manufacturing for export is unusual for Bangladesh in that it employs young, unmarried women in large numbers. This paper examines data from a study on garment workers in Bangladesh to explore the implications of work for the early socialization of young women. For the first time young women are given an alternative to lives where they move directly from childhood into adulthood through early marriage and childbearing. Work creates a period of transition as contrasted with the abrupt assumption of adult roles at very young ages that marriage and childbearing mandate. It is argued …