Public Health Commons^™

Double-Blind Randomised Trial Of Saline Solution For Gargling And Nasal Rinsing In Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Sebastian R Espinoza, Lexton Trauffler, Amir Shamshirsaz, Alireza Shamshirsaz, Andres Espinoza, Jimmy Espinoza, Alice O'Brien

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Previous studies have shown that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling reduced the duration of symptoms in upper respiratory infections caused by coronavirus. This study aims to investigate the effects of two saline regimens on symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, individuals aged 18-65 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were randomly assigned to either low- or high-saline regimens for 14 days. The low-saline solutions contained 2.13 g of salt dissolved in eight ounces of warm water, while the high-saline solution contained six grams of …

The Camden Study - A Pregnancy Cohort Study Of Pregnancy Complications And Birth Outcomes In Camden, New Jersey, Usa., Stephanie Shiau, Xinhua Chen, Ayana April-Sanders, Ellen C Francis, Shristi Rawal, Megan Hansel, Kehinde Adeyemi, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Emily S Barrett

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a unique stage of the life course characterized by trade-offs between the nutritional, immune, and metabolic needs of the mother and fetus. The Camden Study was originally initiated to examine nutritional status, growth, and birth outcomes in adolescent pregnancies and expanded to study dietary and molecular predictors of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in young women.

METHODS: From 1985-2006, 4765 pregnant participants aged 12 years and older were recruited from Camden, NJ, one of the poorest cities in the US. The cohort reflects a population under-represented in perinatal cohort studies (45% Hispanic, 38% non-Hispanic Black, 17% White …

Utility Of Colposcopy For The Screening And Management Of Cervical Cancer In Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Providers’ Training And Practices, Joël Fokom Domgue, Issimouha Dille, Freddy Gnangnon, Sharon Kapambwe, Celine Bouchard, Nomonde Mbatani, Elodie Gauroy, Nathalie Ledaga Ambounda, Robert Yu, Fatoumata Sidibe, Joseph Kamgno, Bangaly Traore, Pierre-Marie Tebeu, Gregory Halle-Ekane, Mohenou Isidore Diomande, Jean-Marie Dangou, Fabrice Lecuru, Isaac Adewole, Marie Plante, Partha Basu, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health issue in Africa with devastating socioeconomic consequences due to the lack of organized screening programs. The success of screening programs depends on the appropriate investigation and management of women who test positive for screening. Colposcopic assessment following positive screening results is a noteworthy issue in Africa. This study aimed to assess the utilization of colposcopy by providers in the region.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 among healthcare providers involved in cervical cancer prevention activities in Africa. They were invited to report prior colposcopy training, whether they performed colposcopy and the …

Impact Of Prior Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Treatment On Brexucabtagene Autoleucel Outcomes In Adults With B-Cell All, Ibrahim Aldoss, Gregory W Roloff, Rawan Faramand, Noam E Kopmar, Chenyu Lin, Anjali S Advani, Simone E Dekker, Vishal K Gupta, Timothy E O'Connor, Nikeshan Jeyakumar, Ibrahim N Muhsen, Yannis Valtis, Amy Zhang, Katharine Miller, Katherine Sutherland, Kaitlyn C Dykes, Mohamed Ahmed, Evan Chen, Hector Zambrano, Danielle Bradshaw, Santiago Mercadal, Marc Schwartz, Sean Tracy, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Michal Kubiak, Akash Mukherjee, Navneet Majhail, Minoo Battiwalla, Luke Mountjoy, Shahbaz A Malik, John Mathews, Paul Shaughnessy, Aaron C Logan, Abdullah Ladha, Maryann Stefan, Caitlin Guzowski, Rasmus T Hoeg, Talal Hilal, Jozal Moore, Matthew Connor, Kristen M O'Dwyer, Laquisa C Hill, Stephanie B Tsai, Joshua Sasine, Melhem M Solh, Catherine J Lee, Vamsi K Kota, Divya Koura, Muthu Veeraputhiran, Betsy Blunk, Caspian Oliai, Jessica T Leonard, Noelle V Frey, Jae H Park, Marlise R Luskin, Veronika Bachanova, Ahmed Galal, Michael R Bishop, Wendy Stock, Ryan D Cassaday, Vinod Pullarkat, Bijal D Shah, Lori S Muffly

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The effect of prior inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) treatment on brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) outcomes remains unclear in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We conducted a retrospective multicenter analysis of 189 patients with relapsed/refractory ALL treated with brexu-cel. Over half of the patients received InO before brexu-cel (InO exposed). InO-exposed patients were more heavily pretreated (P = .02) and frequently had active marrow disease before apheresis (P = .03). Response rate and toxicity profile after brexu-cel were comparable for InO-exposed and InO-naïve patients; however, consolidation therapy after brexu-cel response was used at a higher rate in InO-naïve patients (P = .005). …

A Latent Class Assessment Of Healthcare Access Factors And Disparities In Breast Cancer Care Timeliness, Matthew Dunn, Didong Li, Marc Emerson, Caroline Thompson, Hazel Nichols, Sarah Van Alsten, Mya Roberson, Stephanie Wheeler, Lisa Carey, Terry Hyslop, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Melissa Troester

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment lead to worse survival and quality of life. Racial disparities in care timeliness have been reported, but few studies have examined access at multiple points along the care continuum (diagnosis, treatment initiation, treatment duration, and genomic testing).

METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) Phase 3 is a population-based, case-only cohort (n = 2,998, 50% black) of patients with invasive breast cancer diagnoses (2008 to 2013). We used latent class analysis (LCA) to group participants based on patterns of factors within 3 separate domains: socioeconomic status ("SES"), "care barriers," and …

Adiposity Throughout Adulthood And Risk Of Young-Onset Breast Cancer Tumor Subtypes In The Young Women's Health History Study, Lydia Marcus Post, Dorothy R. Pathak, Ann S. Hamilton, Kelly A. Hirko, Richard T. Houang, Emily H. Guseman, Dan Sanfelippo, Nicole Bohme Carnegie, L. Karl Olson, Hallgeir Rui, Ann G. Schwartz, Ellen M. Velie

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The role of adult adiposity in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) subtype risk is not well understood.

METHODS: In this population-based case (n = 1812)-control (n = 1,381) study of invasive YOBC (ages <50 >years), cases were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, 2010 to 2015. Area-based, frequency-matched controls were sampled from the 2010 Census. General adiposity [body mass index (BMI)] and central adiposity (waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) across adulthood and covariates were collected from in-person interviews and measurements. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adiposity and YOBC tumor subtypes …

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Incremental Diet And Activity Changes To Improve Cardiovascular Health, Carter Dunaway, Jonah Kornbluh, Kit Tran, Naya Pabla, Olivia Jeakle, Zaid Saadeh

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Addressing Anxiety And Depressive Disorders In The Adult Population, Alexandra Thompson, Andrew Wu, Lauren Kim, Meghana Jalagam, Rahul Bodapati, Tyler White

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Veterans' Experiences Of And Preferences For Patient-Centered, Measurement-Based Ptsd Care, Marcela C Weber, Ashlyn M Jendro, Ellen P Fischer, Karen L Drummond, Trenton M Haltom, Natalie E Hundt, Michael A Cucciare, Jeffrey M Pyne

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Up to 50% of veterans drop out of trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapies (TF-EBP) without completing treatment or recovering; evidence suggests this is in part because their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) care is insufficiently patient-centered. There is also evidence that measurement-based care (MBC) for mental health should be personalized to the patient, yet this is not common practice in VA PTSD care.

Objectives: To explore veterans' experiences and preferences for aligning measurement-based PTSD care with their own treatment goals.

Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with veterans (n=15) with PTSD who had received at least 2 sessions of a TF-EBP.

Measures: Survey …

Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring On Surgical Wards: The Cosmos Pilot, Nikola Anusic, Alper Gulluoglu, Elyad Ekrami, Edward J Mascha, Shuyi Li, René Coffeng, Alparslan Turan, Amber Clemens, Christine Perez, John W Beard, Daniel I Sessler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Study objectives: Alerts for vital sign abnormalities seek to identify meaningful patient instability while limiting alarm fatigue. Optimal vital sign alarm settings for postoperative patients remain unknown, as is whether alerts lead to effective clinical responses reducing vital sign disturbances. We conducted a 2-phase pilot study to identify thresholds and delays and test the hypothesis that alerts from continuous monitoring reduce the duration of vital sign abnormalities.

Design: Two-phase pilot.

Patients: 250 adults having major non-cardiac surgery.

Setting: Surgical wards.

Intervention: All patients had routine vital sign monitoring by nurses at 4-h intervals. We initially continuously recorded clinician-blinded saturation, heart …

Prediagnostic Amino Acid Metabolites And Risk Of Gout, Accounting For Serum Urate: Prospective Cohort Study And Mendelian Randomization, Natalie Mccormick, Amit D Joshi, Chio Yokose, Bing Yu, Adrienne Tin, Robert Terkeltaub, Tony R Merriman, Oana Zeleznik, A Heather Eliassen, Gary C Curhan, Hang-Korng Ea, Matthew Nayor, Laura M Raffield, Hyon K Choi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Our objective was to prospectively investigate prediagnostic population-based metabolome for risk of hospitalized gout (ie, most accurate, severe, and costly cases), accounting for serum urate.

Methods: We conducted prediagnostic metabolome-wide analyses among 249,677 UK Biobank participants with nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiling (N = 168 metabolites, including eight amino acids) from baseline blood samples (2006-2010) without a history of gout. We calculated multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) for hospitalized incident gout, before and after adjusting for serum urate levels; we included patients with nonhospitalized incident gout in a sensitivity analysis. Potential causal effects were evaluated with two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Results: …

Covid-19 Risk Assessment Among Vulnerable Small Business Owners In El Paso County, Texas, Sadie H Conway, Denise Vasquez, Kristina D Mena, Louis D Brown, Soyoung Kwon, Janelle Rios

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Our objective was to deliver actionable, worksite-specific COVID-19 risk assessments and mitigation strategies tailored to vulnerable workers in one of the highest-risk areas in the US.

Methods: Four trained, bilingual (English/Spanish) community health workers (CHWs) recruited small businesses (ie, ≤20 employees) across various industries and executed novel on-site infectious disease risk assessment surveys of at least one employer and one employee.

Results: Of 102 participating businesses (95% Hispanic-owned), 96% were characterized as "high risk" or "very high risk" for disease transmission. All businesses reported implementing at least one practice to reduce disease transmission; however, almost half of businesses lacked …

Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Of Circulating Fibrinogen And C-Reactive Protein Levels, Julie Hahn, Gerard Temprano-Sagrera, Natalie R Hasbani, Symen Ligthart, Abbas Dehghan, Alisa S Wolberg, Nicholas L Smith, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Alanna C Morrison, Paul S De Vries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) play an important role in inflammatory pathways and share multiple genetic loci reported in previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), highlighting their common genetic background. Leveraging the shared biology may identify further loci pleiotropically associated with both fibrinogen and CRP.

Objectives: To identify novel genetic variants that are pleiotropic and associated with both fibrinogen and CRP, by integrating both phenotypes in a bivariate GWAS by using a multitrait GWAS.

Methods: We performed a bivariate GWAS to identify further pleiotropic genetic loci, using summary statistics of previously published GWAS on fibrinogen (n = 120 246) …

Chronic Illness Education 2024: A Guide To Navigating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Polina Chuikov, Bilal Ahmed, Brennan Smith, Karina Medina, Masoud Harati

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Better Sleep In Improved Cardiovascular Health, Jenna Brokaw, Kalyyanee Nanaaware, Mikhail Salnikov, Nicholas Daher, Timothy Page, Zoha Rizvi

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Capturing Undiagnosed Hypertension In Ophthalmology Clinics, Alexander Hayes, Dominic Sacca, Indrea Joplin, Owen Stratton, Whitney Bowyer

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Beating Hearts: Navigating Cardiovascular Disease Resources, Julia Tenbusch, Kaelan Patel, Maxim Jani, Nand Ganesh, Nicole Flores, Venkata Patchigolla

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Resources For The Providers To Improve Adult Hiv Outcome, Amolak Jhand, Ariana Cho, Brayden Bitterman, Jhonny Avila Mendoza, Madeline Evans, Sabrina Khan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Cardiovascular Disease In Adults, Amber Jackson, Hayat Bazzi, Raina Awdish, Timothy Chalom, Tobias Cox

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Diet And Excersize Education To Improve Adult Obesity, David Elyas, Dhwani Krishnan, Joseph Overway, Melissa Connop, Swathi Srikantan, Zahira Malik

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Prevention And Management Of Copd, Alexander Sonaglia, Anagha Srivatsa, Hunter Cohn, Kendall Conway, Laith Fakhouri, Parmida Abdoli

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Addressing Cardiovascular Disease Through Diet Education, Alexander Restum, Alexandra Stone, Anna Lundh, Bradley Libs, Caitlin Alindogan, Jaylin Jones

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Tips And Resources For Optimal Heart Health, Genevieve Murray, Jeswin David, Matthew George, Raghav Rajesh, Simran Qureshi, Ward Hedges

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Educational Resources To Reduce Hiv Stigma, Joshua Sternberg, Akash Gopal, Anna Karle, Derek Zahnleuter, Gloria Fung, Surbhi Neole

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Improving Depression And Anxiety In Detroit, Aneesh Cherukuri, Ashlee Perry, Ethan Dunn, Grace Chen, Philip Riendeau, Sarah Qureshi

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Chronic Kidney Disease Resources, Abigail Schuch, Bamdad Tayyari, Cassidy Kamrada, Sen Gao, Solen Tadesse, Sophia Braun

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Strategies For Improving Adult Cardiovascular Health, Riley St. Amour, Sarah Rehman, Tanyeem Shaik, Yasmeen Berry, Youssef Salama, Yusuf Kashlan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Causes, Impacts, And Approaches To Adult Obesity, Alexandra Crawford, Heather Sun, Hyeok Jun Lee, Kenneth Jackson, Kyle Mastalerz, Mannat Bedi

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Evaluating Psychological Barriers To Treating Cardiovascular Disease, Ameen Khan, Aria Hutchinson, Caitlin Ann Benitez, Daniel Poe, Dawson Sloan, Shivani Bongu

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2024: Enhancing Patient Communication With Visual Effect In Cardiovascular Disease Management, Brendan Dolan, Candace Marquette, Diana Duque, Hyun Kyu Park, Kendra Juliette, Mohull Mehta

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.