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2022

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Articles 4261 - 4290 of 4420

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Child Sexual Abuse And Its Effects On A Young Adult Relationship With A Sexual Partner, Friends, And Community, Miriam Cires Jan 2022

Child Sexual Abuse And Its Effects On A Young Adult Relationship With A Sexual Partner, Friends, And Community, Miriam Cires

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIn the United States, child sexual abuse is a significant public health issue, but society lacks awareness and its consequences. Therefore, little is known about the influence of sociodemographic factors on a sexually abused child and the quality of relationships as a young adult. A quantitative cross-sectional study based on the social-ecological model was carried out to assess whether the presence of sexual abuse, age of abuse, frequency of abuse, abusive kindship, race, and sex predict in a sexually abused child inappropriate relationships as a young adult. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using secondary data collected from 1300 children and …

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The Double Burden Of Intra-Household Malnutrition Among Mother–Child Dyads In South Africa, Puveshni Crozier Jan 2022

The Double Burden Of Intra-Household Malnutrition Among Mother–Child Dyads In South Africa, Puveshni Crozier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Household-level double burden of malnutrition (HL-DBM) challenges traditional South African vertical malnutrition programs. Research has associated a household with an overweight/obese mother of reproductive age and her under 5-year-old child with signs of undernutrition (wasting, stunting, or thinness) with socioeconomic levels, maternal characteristics, features of the household, and child’s demographics. Grounded in the social determinants of health conceptual framework, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of HL-DBM in South Africa across the reproductive-child health continuum. Using the representative 2017 Wave 5 South African National Income Dynamics Study survey secondary data, a total sample of 314 homes met this non-experimental …

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Case Managers’ Perspectives Of Hospital Postdischarge Services For Patients Diagnosed With Coronary Artery Disease, Brian Alexander Grant Jan 2022

Case Managers’ Perspectives Of Hospital Postdischarge Services For Patients Diagnosed With Coronary Artery Disease, Brian Alexander Grant

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The United States lacks postdischarge services, which can negatively impact hospital readmissions within 30 days. It is important for case managers to effectively leverage outpatient services to enhance patient care and reduce readmission rates. Grounded in the practice change model framework, this qualitative single case study explores the perspectives of case managers involved with postdischarge services for patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Participants included 13 case managers from two metropolitan hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia. To address the research problem and study purpose, data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews, case management discharge summaries, and reflective journal notes. The thematic …

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Diabetes, Obesity, Geographic Location Of The Patient And Clostridium Difficile Infection In The United States, Mary (Maribeth) Greenway Jan 2022

Diabetes, Obesity, Geographic Location Of The Patient And Clostridium Difficile Infection In The United States, Mary (Maribeth) Greenway

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major nosocomial threat to be reckoned with in the current health care setting in the United States. Advancing age, underlying chronic disease associated with inflammation (including Diabetes Mellitus Type I ([DMI]), Diabetes Type II ([DMII]), and obesity), trauma, immunodeficiency and other factors that diminish the overall health of an individual, and increase an individual’s susceptibility to CDI. The ecological framework was used to determine the relationship between geographic, chronic diseases and the occurrence of infectious diseases. To continue enhancing knowledge related to CDI susceptibility this quantitative study used the 2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey …

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Integrated Care Impact On Postpartum Visit Compliance And Readmissions, Matthew Herrick Jan 2022

Integrated Care Impact On Postpartum Visit Compliance And Readmissions, Matthew Herrick

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The specific research problem that was addressed through this study is the low rate of postpartum visits among Medicaid-enrolled women, leading to increased postpartum complications and readmissions. The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate if hospital readmissions can be reduced by integrated care home visiting services relating to postpartum visit compliance. The research questions evaluated the relationships between postpartum visit compliance, hospital readmissions among Medicaid-enrolled women in Indiana, and an integrated care home visiting program. The Donabedian model for quality-of-care grounds this study and is based on structure, process, and outcome. Through this model, healthcare leaders can evaluate …

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Perspectives Of Girls, Families, And Healthcare Workers On Accessing Services For Adolescents With Perinatal Hiv In Nigeria, Joseph Fabian Inyang Jan 2022

Perspectives Of Girls, Families, And Healthcare Workers On Accessing Services For Adolescents With Perinatal Hiv In Nigeria, Joseph Fabian Inyang

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) include those who were infected from their mother perinatally (PHIV) and those who were infected through sexual behaviors or drug use. Nigeria contributes the largest burden of children born with HIV globally, due to poor implementation of its prevention of mother-to-child transmission program. With advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), more children and adolescents with HIV survive into adulthood. However, there are challenges to ART including access, uptake, adherence, and risks of long-term exposure. Using the social ecological model and a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study was designed to understand the experiences of adolescent …

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Bullying, Participation In Violence, Suicidal Ideation, And Behavior Among African American Youth, Kierystan Lorquoyea Johnson Jan 2022

Bullying, Participation In Violence, Suicidal Ideation, And Behavior Among African American Youth, Kierystan Lorquoyea Johnson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescent, teens, and young adults. Suicidal ideation is a predictor of suicide attempts. Guided by the integrated motivational-volitional model and social cognitive theory, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey data were used to investigate whether traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and participation in physically violent behavior (independent variables) were associated with suicidal ideation and behavior (dependent variables) among African American high school aged youth controlling for age, gender, physical, and sexual abuse. It was found that experiencing traditional bullying increased suicidal ideation significantly, as there is an 82% increase in likelihood. There was also …

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Microaggression Experiences Among African American Women And Their Effects On Health In Academia, Anta'sha Moni Jones Jan 2022

Microaggression Experiences Among African American Women And Their Effects On Health In Academia, Anta'sha Moni Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial microaggressions are brief daily negative verbal behaviors and environmental slights directed as intentional or unintentional towards minorities. These negative interactions lead minorities to feel powerless and oppressed in their environments. These adverse experiences result from stressors in their environment that negatively affect the human body by causing acute and chronic stress. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the relationship between personal, racial microaggression experiences, and their impact on health through a phenomenological approach. The critical race theory provided a framework to explore and understand how systematic discrimination experiences impacted the 17 African American faculty member participants’ health. A phenomenological …

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External Validation And Modification Of A 30-Day Readmission Risk Prediction Model For Heart Failure Patients, Debra Kelly Jan 2022

External Validation And Modification Of A 30-Day Readmission Risk Prediction Model For Heart Failure Patients, Debra Kelly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The development and validation of 30-day readmission risk prediction models, such as the LACE index, have been of interest to researchers and healthcare organizations, especially since the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began to impose monetary penalties on hospitals with higher than expected 30-day readmission rates. However, there is a lack of consensus concerning the efficacy of the LACE index in the heart failure population. The purpose of the study was to examine the discriminative accuracy of the LACE index to predict all-cause 30-day readmission for heart failure patients and to build a modified 30-day readmission risk prediction model …

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The Experiences Of Teenage Mothers About The Socioeconomic Aspects Of Teen Pregnancy In A Low-Income Community, Sunday Kerobo Jan 2022

The Experiences Of Teenage Mothers About The Socioeconomic Aspects Of Teen Pregnancy In A Low-Income Community, Sunday Kerobo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Teenage pregnancy has adverse social, economic, and health consequences for adolescents. Pregnancy in adolescence is linked to high school dropout, high unemployment, stigma, low income, financial hardships, anxiety, and depression.. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to understand the socioeconomic factors that impact young mothers aged 17 years and younger in low-income communities. Schlossberg's transition theory guided this study. Fifteen young women ages 18 and 24 who were either pregnant or had given birth before age 17 years and under were recruited through purposive sampling and interviewed using in-depth key informant interviews. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed, …

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Perceived Health/Safety Risks And Critical Thinking Skills In College Students Using Social Media Networking, Denise Mary Makri-Werzen Jan 2022

Perceived Health/Safety Risks And Critical Thinking Skills In College Students Using Social Media Networking, Denise Mary Makri-Werzen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe 21st century has brought about an increase in the popularity of social media networking usage on a global level, especially among college students. Social connectivity has become a vital part of the daily lives of college students, providing connections with their educational, personal, and social lives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the actual experiences and self-reported perceptions of health/safety risks in college students using social media networking sites and to assess whether critical thinking skills were employed. The sample size of the targeted population was 23 volunteer college students, recruited from the Walden University Participant …

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Association Between Opioid-Related Emergency Department Visits And Financial Liability Of Hospitals, Mary-Zitta Muabe Jan 2022

Association Between Opioid-Related Emergency Department Visits And Financial Liability Of Hospitals, Mary-Zitta Muabe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Emergency departments (EDs) are experiencing an influx of patients with opioid-related which result in increased opioid misuse, abuse, and overdoses. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opioid-related ED visits and financial liability of hospitals by evaluating if an increase in opioid-related ED visits leads to an increase in average ED visit costs. The framework used for this study was Reason’s theory of failures, which involves improving healthcare maturity in terms of risk management, achieved through enhanced efficiency. The analyzed research questions included analysis between the number of opioid-related ED visits and financial liability of hospitals …

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Stigma And Discrimination’S Effect On Hiv Testing Of Pregnant Women In Nigeria, Charles Echezona Nzelu Jan 2022

Stigma And Discrimination’S Effect On Hiv Testing Of Pregnant Women In Nigeria, Charles Echezona Nzelu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The utilization of HIV testing services among pregnant women in Nigeria has not been optimal. Although much is known about the determinants of HIV testing among pregnant women, there is a gap in knowledge on determinants for pregnant women infected with the virus, specifically whether stigma and discrimination are barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of stigmatizing attitudes and personal knowledge of discriminatory practices towards persons living with HIV/AIDS on the decision by pregnant Nigerian women aged 15-49 years to test for HIV during antenatal visits or childbirth. The health belief model served as the …

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Effective Management Of Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii In A Military Treatment Facility, Jozy Merizier Smarth Jan 2022

Effective Management Of Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii In A Military Treatment Facility, Jozy Merizier Smarth

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, 34 million people have diabetes and 79 million have prediabetes. Currently, one in nine Americans are diagnosed with diabetes and it is projected that one in five will have diabetes by 2025 and one in three by 2050. The practice-focused question answered by this project addressed the question if implementing a staff education program improved staff’s knowledge about self-management education and intent for providers and staff to promote a formal diabetes self-management education (DSME) program in an overseas military treatment facility. The site has 47% of empaneled beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus Type II with an elevated …

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Exploring Promotoras As Influencers Of Physical Activity And Diet Acceptability Among Latinas, Gladys Orock Tataw-Ayuketah Jan 2022

Exploring Promotoras As Influencers Of Physical Activity And Diet Acceptability Among Latinas, Gladys Orock Tataw-Ayuketah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Promotoras are frontline community health workers who help link Latino community members to health and social services. Latino women have high rates of attrition and lack of participation in weight loss programs due to various barriers, and the promotora model is vital to address these concerns. The approach incorporates strong family support and influence to address health and social issues through interdependent ties of promotoras and families who live and work within the community they serve. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how promotoras influenced the acceptability of and participation in physical activity and dietary modification programs …

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California’S Urban And Rural Asthma Healthcare Access And Asthma Management During Covid-19 Pandemic, Stacey R. Varga Jan 2022

California’S Urban And Rural Asthma Healthcare Access And Asthma Management During Covid-19 Pandemic, Stacey R. Varga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of adequate healthcare access can negatively affect asthma management. The purpose of this study was to understand whether there was an association between source of care and asthma management. This study provides important insights concerning the changing landscape of how individuals receive asthma treatment and manage their asthma during a pandemic. Asthma management and asthma care have been studied; however, results have been inconclusive in relation to the barriers to health that are experienced among various adult age groups. Identifying additional subgroup characteristics could provide insight into where health practitioners, practice management, and policymakers direct healthcare resources. The …

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Health Educators’ Perspectives On Black And Latin@ College Students’ Health Literacy, Desiree Williams Brown Jan 2022

Health Educators’ Perspectives On Black And Latin@ College Students’ Health Literacy, Desiree Williams Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractEmerging adulthood is a critical life stage when participation in higher education can facilitate the transition of young individuals into adulthood and independence. The barriers associated with low health literacy levels are higher among racial or ethnic groups facing health inequalities, including those enrolled in higher education institutions. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore how health educators promoted the health literacy of Black and Latino emerging adult college students. The theoretical framework was based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Eight health professionals who served to promote health literacy across diverse college campuses and different states in …

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Educating Nursing Staff On Clostridioides Difficle Infection Bundle Use, Amber Lee Winkis Jan 2022

Educating Nursing Staff On Clostridioides Difficle Infection Bundle Use, Amber Lee Winkis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a local, national, and global issue impacting patient outcomes and healthcare organizations. CDI is costly to treat, painful, and at times deadly. Given an increase in CDI over the past year at the project site, the current gap in practice is the nonadherence of nursing staff to using a CDI bundle. This project addresses that gap. The practice-focused question targeted at nursing staff (N = 18) on an adult medical-surgical unit in an acute care hospital and asks whether education on use of a CDI bundle would result in a knowledge gain about the importance …

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Let My People Go:Improving Nurses’ Knowledge To Decrease Physical Restraint Use, Trisha Marie Zehrung Jan 2022

Let My People Go:Improving Nurses’ Knowledge To Decrease Physical Restraint Use, Trisha Marie Zehrung

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite extensive research revealing the dangers of physical restraint use, it remains a common practice in critical care settings across the globe. Nurses stand at the forefront of clinical decision-making regarding the use of physical restraints but are doing so with a lack of education and evidence-based practices. The project addresses whether an evidence-based educational program regarding the use of physical restraints and alternative measures is an acceptable method for intensive care unit (ICU) nurse education according to six local subject matter experts (SMEs). The project’s purpose was to create an educational program outlining physical restraint evidence and alternative measures …

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Evaluating The 2012 Vaccination Reporting Mandate: Applications To Adventist Health Network, May Abdalla Jan 2022

Evaluating The 2012 Vaccination Reporting Mandate: Applications To Adventist Health Network, May Abdalla

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Influenza is a public health concern that claims up to 56,000 lives annually in the United States, though it is a vaccine-preventable disease. Influenza vaccination among health care personnel (HCP) is highly encouraged to prevent influenza transmission in health care settings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between mandatory reporting of HCP influenza vaccination rates (implemented in 2012) and HCP influenza vaccination intake in a health care network with 20 hospitals. The protection and motivation theory was used as the theoretical framework. Data collected from surveys of hospital administrators and archives of the Center for Medicare …

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Effects Of Perpetrator Types And Gender-Based Violence On Condom Use Among Tanzanian Female Sex Workers, Lashonda Hall Jan 2022

Effects Of Perpetrator Types And Gender-Based Violence On Condom Use Among Tanzanian Female Sex Workers, Lashonda Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

HIV status among female sex workers (FSWs) continues to be a significant public health concern. Condom use is associated with HIV cases among FSWs. Gender-based violence (GBV) plays a role in FSWs HIV status. While studies have investigated the relationship between GBV and condom use, little is known about the impact of factors such as perpetrator type and substance use. I aimed to examine whether perpetrator type and substance use affect the relationship between GBV and condom use among FSWs in Tanzania. Secondary data analysis was performed on 1,502 FSWs extracted from the 2020 Tanzanian, John Hopkins Program for International …

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Preconception Protective Factors Associated With Preterm Birth In Black/African American And Non-Hispanic White Women In Nyc, Joyce Yvonne Hall Jan 2022

Preconception Protective Factors Associated With Preterm Birth In Black/African American And Non-Hispanic White Women In Nyc, Joyce Yvonne Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial disparities in preterm birth have persisted during the past two decades. Though studies have delineated the medical, behavioral, and social risk factors explaining racial disparities in preterm birth, less is known about protective factors. This quantitative, correlational study was conducted to examine the prevalence, association, and risk of preconception health protective factors and sociodemographic covariates between Black/African American and non-Hispanic White women with preterm birth in New York City (NYC). The maternal and child health (MCH) life course approach was the theoretical foundation. The NYC Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016–2018 Phase 8 survey data, which included 2,161 women …

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Lifestyle Modifications To Reduce Hypertension In Obese Patients: A Clinical Practice Guideline, Tiffany Lynn Oates Jan 2022

Lifestyle Modifications To Reduce Hypertension In Obese Patients: A Clinical Practice Guideline, Tiffany Lynn Oates

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, obesity affects almost 50% of the population with estimates of 60–70% of hypertension in adults attributable to adiposity. The practice gap addressed in this project is a lack of standardized patient education on lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing hypertension in the obese patient, which is the recommended first line of treatment for these patients. The practice focused questions were answered when evidence from the literature supported the implementation of a clinical practice guideline developed from evidence-based literature focused on patient education about lifestyle modification as the initial treatment for the reduction of hypertension in the obese …

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Association Between Family Structure And Childhood Obesity In Essex County, Nj., Chima Tony Onyeagoro Jan 2022

Association Between Family Structure And Childhood Obesity In Essex County, Nj., Chima Tony Onyeagoro

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutritional disorders in children in the United States. There are many factors associated with childhood obesity, but there is limited information about the association between family structure and childhood obesity. This quantitative retrospective cross-sectional study, guided by the Social Ecological Model, was carried out to identify the effect of family structure on childhood obesity. For this study, the 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) of children 6-13 years old residing in the state of New Jersey was analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between family structure and obesity, …

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Assessing Cancer And Heart Disease Occurrence From Groundwater Contaminated With Volatile Organic Compounds, Courtnie S. Owens Jan 2022

Assessing Cancer And Heart Disease Occurrence From Groundwater Contaminated With Volatile Organic Compounds, Courtnie S. Owens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the effects of the toxic chemicals contained in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on cancer occurrence and heart disease through occupational and environmental exposure to groundwater sources. This study was important because it provided critical insight for the public health community on the association between variations of past and current levels of VOCs in water sources and cancers and heart disease. The key research questions examined what proportion of occupational and nonoccupational individuals in southeastern North Carolina were diagnosed with cancer or heart disease and whether VOCs were associated with the long-term effects of cancer or heart disease …

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Children's Body Mass Index Before And After Covid-19 Related Childcare Center Closures, Ericka L. Peterson Jan 2022

Children's Body Mass Index Before And After Covid-19 Related Childcare Center Closures, Ericka L. Peterson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prolonged childcare center closures due to COVID-19 restrictions have changed children’s health-related behaviors that may result in an increased risk in childhood obesity. Grounded in the social ecological model, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences in body mass index (BMI), physical activity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and screen time among preschool aged children enrolled in the Merced County Office of Education Head Start program before and after COVID-19 related Head Start center closures. A quantitative, longitudinal study design using secondary data from ChildPlus was used. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to …

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Treatment Outcomes And Associated Factors In Tb/Hiv-Coinfected Patients In Namibia, Esland Shilongo Jan 2022

Treatment Outcomes And Associated Factors In Tb/Hiv-Coinfected Patients In Namibia, Esland Shilongo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractHIV and TB have merged into a deadly co-epidemic in Namibia. Currently, though, TB and HIV data at the national, regional, and district level might be underreported and insufficient to understand the full burden and outcome rates of TB and HIV. Targeting the TB outcomes rate among TB/HIV-coinfected individuals is an effective strategy for decreasing future TB burden and furthering the gains in the control of both diseases. The objective of this study was: to assess the outcomes of patients registered for anti-TB treatment in //Karas Region which has the largests burden of TB in Namibia. A 5-year retrospective cohort …

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Faculty Perspectives On Quality Of Online Courses In Health Education And Promotion Programs, Dana Wawrzyniec Jan 2022

Faculty Perspectives On Quality Of Online Courses In Health Education And Promotion Programs, Dana Wawrzyniec

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The need to make quick transitions online due to COVID-19 challenged many Health Education and Promotion (HEP) faculty to identify how to create quality online HEP courses. A review of the literature identified the need for qualitative research on the quality of online courses from the faculty’s perspective. The purpose of this general qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of HEP faculty at multiple universities, in terms of the organization and facilitation of their online courses, communication between instructor and student, and assessment of students. The community of inquiry (COI) framework, which evaluates the teaching, social, and …

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Nursing Staff Education On The Use Of The American Diabetes Association Guidelines, Terrie Hattie Allen Jan 2022

Nursing Staff Education On The Use Of The American Diabetes Association Guidelines, Terrie Hattie Allen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a complex chronic condition that requires continuous care and management. Approximately 34 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes and around 90%–95% suffer from Type 2 diabetes. The problem identified in this project was the need to follow the American Diabetes Association guidelines in place at the study site clinic but are not adhered to by the staff. Framed within the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model of instructional design, the purpose of this project was to plan, implement, and evaluate a nursing staff education program on the use of the American Diabetes Association Guidelines for diabetes. …

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Prophylactic Antimalarial Intermittent Preventive Therapy In Pregnancy And Birth Weight In Togo, Epiphane Awokou Jan 2022

Prophylactic Antimalarial Intermittent Preventive Therapy In Pregnancy And Birth Weight In Togo, Epiphane Awokou

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Togo, prophylactic antimalarial intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) is provided to disrupt suboptimal pathways leading to the issue of low birth weight. However, there is a lack of nationally representative data on the determinants of this adverse birth outcome. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine pregnancy-related determinants of low birth weight through a nationally representative dataset. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model guided this study to explore potential associations between the covariates IPTp, utilization of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets, age of pregnant women, socioeconomic status of pregnant women, and gravidity type of pregnant women and the …

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