Public Health Commons^™

Gender-Based Violence In Pakistan And Public Health Measures: A Call To Action, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Muzna Sarfraz, Zul Qarnain

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review For Healthcare Professionals, Boghuma K Titanji, Bryan Tegomoh, Saman Nematollahi, Michael Konomos, Prathit A Kulkarni

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease that for decades has been viewed as an infectious disease with significant epidemic potential because of the increasing occurrence of human outbreaks in recent years. As public health entities work to contain the current outbreak, healthcare professionals globally are aiming to become familiar with the various clinical presentations and management of this infection. We present in this review an updated overview of monkeypox for healthcare professionals in the context of the ongoing outbreaks around the world.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment During The Covid-19 Pandemic In A Nationwide, Insured Population, Jennifer L Caswell-Jin, Maryam N Shafaee, Lan Xiao, Mina Liu, Esther M John, Melissa L Bondy, Allison W Kurian

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced cancer screenings and delayed cancer surgeries. We used insurance claims data to understand how breast cancer incidence and treatment after diagnosis changed nationwide over the course of the pandemic.

Methods: Using the Optum Research Database from January 2017 to March 2021, including approximately 19 million US adults with commercial health insurance, we identified new breast cancer diagnoses and first treatment after diagnosis. We compared breast cancer incidence and proportion of newly diagnosed patients receiving pre-operative systemic therapy pre-COVID, in the first 2 months of the COVID pandemic and in …

Impact Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Restrictions On Retinal Detachment: A Multicenter Experience, Jesse J Jung, Jonathan S Chang, Patrick R Oellers, Mohsin H Ali, Brian K Do, Joseph J Tseng, Roberto Roizenblatt, Rajeev H Muni, Christina Y Weng, Zackery B Oakey, Sean W Tsao, Soraya Rofagha, Xavier Chan, Quan V Hoang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this retrospective, multicenter study of 261 eyes (259 patients), patients who underwent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) post-lockdown period experienced an additional 22-day delay, leading to significantly more epiretinal membrane and proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lower single-surgery anatomic success rates. During lockdown, perfluoropropane gas was used more commonly, and pneumatic retinopexy was used more commonly in COVID-19-positive patients.

Pilot Phase Results Of A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Of Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy In Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients, Frank H Lau, Catherine E Powell, Giacomo Adonecchi, Denise M Danos, Andrew R Dinardo, Robert J Chugden, Peter Wolf, Carmen F Castilla

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are driven by poor immune regulation. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is standard of care in a number of immune-dysregulated diseases. To assess the efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy for improving COVID-19 outcomes in high-risk, hospitalized, we developed the Adaptive Photo-Protection Trial. This is a multi-center, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The pilot phase results are reported here. Consecutive patients admitted with a positive COVID-19 PCR were screened for eligibility. Enrolled subjects were computer randomized 1:1 to NB-UVB or placebo phototherapy. Subjects were treated daily with escalating doses on 27% of their body surface area for up …

Innovation And Missed Opportunities In Internal Medicine Undergraduate Education During Covid-19: Results From A National Survey, Irene Alexandraki, Katherine J Walsh, Temple Ratcliffe, Chavon Onumah, Karen Szauter, Camilla Curren, Nora Osman, Cindy J Lai, Deborah Dewaay, Nicholas S Duca, Amy Weinstein, Nadia Ismail, Jackcy Jacob, Michael Kisielewski, Amber T Pincavage

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 disrupted undergraduate clinical education when medical schools removed students from clinical rotations following AAMC recommendations. Clerkship directors (CDs) had to adapt rapidly and modify clerkship curricula. However, the scope and effects of these modifications are unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of the initial phase of COVID-19 on the internal medicine (IM) undergraduate clinical education.

DESIGN: A nationally representative web survey.

PARTICIPANTS: IM CDs from 137 LCME-accredited US medical schools in 2020.

MAIN MEASURES: Items (80) assessed clerkship structure and curriculum, assessment in clerkships, post-clerkship IM clinical experiences, and CD roles and support. The framework of Understanding Crisis …

Detection Accuracy Of The Cobas Hpv Assay For High-Risk Hpv In Head And Neck Fna Biopsy Specimens, Ming Guo, Abha Khanna, Agata A Tinnirello, Jessica Hwang, Ping Zhang, Li Xu, Guojun Li, Kristina R Dahlstrom, Erich M Sturgis, John Stewart

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the detection accuracy of the Cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) assay for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and HPV-16 in head and neck fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODS: Head and neck FNA biopsy specimens from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. Cobas HPV testing was performed on 90 FNA specimens with valid Cervista HPV testing results. Results of Cobas HPV and Cervista HPV assays were compared. A Linear Array or SPF10-LiPA25 HPV genotyping assay resolved cases with discrepant results. The κ value and accuracy of Cobas HPV testing were calculated. The accuracy of the …

Translating Electronic Health Record-Based Patient Safety Algorithms From Research To Clinical Practice At Multiple Sites, Andrew J Zimolzak, Hardeep Singh, Daniel R Murphy, Li Wei, Sahar A Memon, Divvy K Upadhyay, Saritha Korukonda, Lisa Zubkoff, Dean F Sittig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Researchers are increasingly developing algorithms that impact patient care, but algorithms must also be implemented in practice to improve quality and safety.

OBJECTIVE: We worked with clinical operations personnel at two US health systems to implement algorithms to proactively identify patients without timely follow-up of abnormal test results that warrant diagnostic evaluation for colorectal or lung cancer. We summarise the steps involved and lessons learned.

METHODS: Twelve sites were involved across two health systems. Implementation involved extensive software documentation, frequent communication with sites and local validation of results. Additionally, we used automated edits of existing code to adapt it …

Analysis Of An Antibiotic Stewardship Program For Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In The Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Larissa Grigoryan, Aanand D Naik, Paola Lichtenberger, Christopher J Graber, Payal K Patel, Dimitri M Drekonja, Timothy P Gauthier, Bhavarth Shukla, Anne E Sales, Sarah L Krein, John N Van, Laura M Dillon, Sylvia J Hysong, Jennifer R Kramer, Annette Walder, David Ramsey, Barbara W Trautner

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Antibiotic stewardship for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is an important quality improvement target. Understanding how to implement successful antibiotic stewardship interventions is limited.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement stewardship intervention on reducing unnecessary urine cultures and antibiotic use in patients with ASB.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This interrupted time series quality improvement study was performed at the acute inpatient medical and long-term care units of 4 intervention sites and 4 comparison sites in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system from October 1, 2017, through April 30, 2020. Participants included the clinicians who order or collect …

Universities In And Beyond A Pandemic, Lily Kong, Sovan Patra

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The impact of the COVID pandemic, and concomitant public health interventions, on university operations and finances is unprecedented in its scope and scale. This chapter provides, firstly, a panorama of the challenges of tertiary teaching and learning in a socially distanced world as well as of the fiscal impact of the pandemic on universities. Secondly, it is an experience-informed personal reflection on the lessons that university instructors, researchers, and leaders can learn from the events of the past year to be more effective in sub-optimal environments, both as individuals and as members of the larger society. Finally, it presents an …

Emicizumab-Kxwh: A Critical Review, Kiera O'Leary

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

The first descriptions of haemophilia A were reported in the second century AD, with the first modern description by John Conrad Otto in 1803. Historically, the natural history of haemophilia A was associated with very high rates morbidity and mortality, often following trivial accidents. Although treatment options for haemophilia A have been revolutionised in recent decades, haemophilia A remains a hereditary disease of concern and factor replacement products remain the mainstay of treatment.

As such, patients with haemophilia can carry huge burdens, particularly when a complication such as a FVIII inhibitor is present. A recently approved novel therapeutic, Emicizumab-kxwh, has …

Covid: Health Inequities Exposed And How We Can Do Better, Timothy Mcnamara, Kara Mann, Josephin Mathai

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

If a fair and just healthcare system is the goal, then the COVID-19 pandemic proves America still has a long way to go in its effort to achieve health equity for all. Inequalities in the healthcare landscape have been amassing for decades. Lack of access to quality care, underfunded public health programs, and the rising cost of treatment are just a few of the proposed origins of systemic inequity—all of which were apparent long before COVID-19’s arrival. Will observing these deep-seated issues under the lens of an ongoing pandemic shine a brighter light on these enduring disparities? More importantly, what …

Unearthing Historical Trauma To Advance Health Equity For Survivors Of Human Trafficking, Sandy Woo-Cater

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

In the last decade, the public health field has grown a strong interest in responding to issues related to human trafficking. This specific concentration in healthcare has made efforts to ensure this work includes culturally appropriate tools to serve patients. While curricula to guide health professionals in areas such as cultural competency, cultural responsiveness, or cultural humility exist, historical trauma is not often integrated in the understanding of health outcomes for patients experiencing human trafficking. This paper asserts that advancing health equity for these patients necessitates a deeper historical perspective.

Care Alert Program In Chronic Recurrent Ed Utilizing Patients, Kaitlyn Phelps, Jonathan Bryan, Jonathan Leggett, Erica Gibbons, Brian Griggs

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The Care Alert program is designed to help navigate encounters with patient populations that are high utilizers of emergency department (ED) resources. These populations often have chronic medical conditions, have a poor understanding of their conditions, are unfamiliar with the EDs’ role in the management of these conditions, and commonly lack outpatient resources. The Care Alert program intends to address the needs of this challenging patient population by designing individualized care plans that are approved through a multidisciplinary committee. Data from this study showed a 37% decrease in ED visits and a 47% decrease in hospitalizations during the initial 8 …

The Impact Of Covid-19 In The Latinx Community, Laura Pedraza, Ricardo Villela, Vikki Kamatgi, Kaitlyn Cocuzzo, Ricardo Correa, Miriam Zylberglait Lisigurski

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the existing health and social disparities that affect minority groups in the United States (US), including the Latinx community. This situation has been reflected in many aspects of health, including increased morbi-mortality and reduced adherence to medical and scientific recommendations. Limited access to health care, financial challenges, migrant status, and health literacy, or lack thereof, have all hampered the Latinx community's ability to seek aid quickly and to be tested or treated effectively for this disease. This pandemic has shown that the Latinx community's socioeconomic status correlates with greater mortality rates when compared to other …

Is There A Bias Toward Unvaccinated Covid-19 Patients?, Abbas B. Jama, Anwar Khedr, Hisham Mushtaq, Nitesh K. Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Syed Anjum Khan

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

With more than 22% of the United States still not vaccinated for COVID-19, we are trying to shed some light on whether there is any bias when treating unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. We highlight several reports where some individuals or organizations displayed possible bias, whether implicit or explicit. We examine the legal and ethical implications of these biases and offer a general overview of how to tackle them.

Health Equity In Medicine, Tracy Macintosh, Barbara L. Gracious, Jeremy R. Brooks, Graig Donini

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Healthcare disparities exist when, due to racial, ethnic, or gender identity differences linked to social, economic or environmental factors, certain populations lack equitable access to quality healthcare and insurance coverage. Such disparities across history carry profound future implications that we have only begun to contemplate as a profession. This special issue of the HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine examines the critical issue of health equity in medicine and how the medical community can advance health equity through inclusive behavior and interactions in clinical and educational settings, and our communities.

Knowledge And Awareness Of Vitamin D Among Pregnant Or Lactating Iraqi Refugee Women: A Call For Different Approaches In Health Education And Outreach, Someireh Amirfaiz, Ed.D.

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and lactation has negative impacts on maternal, fetal, and infant health. Low health literacy and other social determinants of health may increase the risk of deficiency among refugee women. This qualitative study used a survey and in-depth individual interviews to examine knowledge of vitamin D among ten pregnant or breastfeeding Iraqi refugee women in the United States, and sought participants’ recommendations on culture-centered and participatory health promotion strategies. All participants reported having insufficient information and understanding of vitamin D, its health benefits, and the risks of deficiency. The four primary themes that emerged from the …

2022-06-30_Michiganoverview_Misc, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 MIS-C Data

The MIS-C Data page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/mis-c-reporting.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by health care providers and local health departments. Data is updated on the first and third Thursdays of the month.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a condition in children and adolescents under 21 years of age where multiple organ systems become inflamed or dysfunctional which occurs in association with illness. Children with MIS-C may have a fever and various symptoms, including abdominal (gut) pain, vomiting, diarrhea, neck pain, rash, …

A Qualitative Inquiry On Smokers’ Perceptions Of Smoking Cessation During Covid-19, Sajid Iqbal, Rubina Barolia, Kiran Iftikhar, Pammla Petrucka, Jeniefer Anastasi, Faris Farooq Saeed Khan, Naheed Feroz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: This qualitative exploratory study explores smokers’ perspectives regarding smoking cessation processes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Purposive sampling was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with cigarette smokers visiting cardiac and pulmonary clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes from the participants’ responses.
Results: Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis. These were smoking cessation facilitators, smoking cessation barriers, and COVID-19 impacts on smoking cessation. Awareness and education, threat of acquiring health problems, religious beliefs and family or support system behave as smoking cessation facilitators. While, role modeling, associating smoking to …

Assessing Covid-19 Booster Hesitancy And Its Correlates: An Early Evidence From India, Geetanjali C. Achrekar, Kavita Batra, Yashashri Urankar, Ravi Batra, Naved Iqbal, Sabiha A. Choudhury, Deepti Hooda, Roohi Khan, Suraj Arora, Aditi Singh, Francesco Chirico, Manoj Sharma

School of Medicine Faculty Research

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutants, waning immunity, and breakthrough infections prompted the use of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to fight against the pandemic. India started booster doses in January 2022 and it is critical to determine the intention of booster dose uptake and its correlates. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate booster dose acceptability and associated predictors among the Indian population. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to recruit a sample of 687 Indian residents. A 55-item psychometric validated survey tool was used to assess booster dose acceptability, vaccine literacy and vaccine confidence. Univariate, bivariate, and …

Stres Dan Strategi Coping Remaja Pengguna Narkoba Yang Menjalani Program Pasca Rehabilitasi Di Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Jawa Timur, Tisnalia Merdya Andyastanti, Oedojo Soedirham, Rika Subarniati

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Drug abuse is a problem that must be taken seriously. Coping strategies are ways to deal with situations that are felt to be pressing and burden a person beyond their capabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the coping strategies possessed by adolescent drug users who are currently undergoing a post-rehabilitation program at the National Narcotics Board (BNN) of East Java. The research method uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The sampling technique is similar to the purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted with five adolescent informants who underwent post-rehabilitation programs at BNN East Java. …

Determinan Perilaku Merokok Pengunjung Kafe Di Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam, Sintia Safitri, Putra Apriadi Siregar

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Smoking is a habit that is widely practiced today by various groups. A total of 225,700 people died from smoking and other diseases caused by smoking in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the factors that most influence the smoking behavior of kafe visitors in Lubuk Pakam District. This research uses a combination research method (Mixed Method Research) with a Cross Sectional design. The data analysis technique used in this research is bivariate analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are 30 respondents (31.3 percent) who have smoking behavior and 66 respondents (68.8 percent) who do not have …

Determination Of Factors That Contribute To The Prevalence Of Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years Of Age In Association With The Status Of Drinking Water Sources At Bububu, Zanzibar, Wahida M. Ali, Emmanuel S. Kigadye

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed to determine the contributing factors for diarrhoea prevalence among children under-five years at Bububu, Zanzibar. The study applied a cross-sectional research design that used quantitative methods. Data were collected from 97 mothers/caregivers of the children. Structured questionnaires were used for assessing socio-economic factors contributing to diarrhoea. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the quality of drinking water sources. Most Probable Number (MPN) count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water sources. Multivariate logistic analysis was computed to assess independent factors of childhood diarrhoea. The prevalence of diarrhoea was significantly associated with; the caregiver’s level of …

Identification And Larvicidal Efficacy Of Mosquito-Repelling Plants Used In Malaria Vector Control In South-East Benin, Camille O Tante, Armel Djenontin, Saïd Chitou, Wilfried Sewade, Pierre Agbani, Martin Akogbeto, Daniel C Chougourou

Tanzania Journal of Science

After identifying issues posed by some synthetic insecticides, the scientific community is now looking for other natural products with insecticidal and/or insect repellent characteristics. This study aimed to identify the plants of the Beninese flora known for their insecticidal and/or insect repellent effects and the indigenous techniques of their use and to evaluate the combined efficacy of extracts of a few on mosquito larvae for the control of malaria vectors in the South-East of Benin. A survey was conducted and the insecticidal effects of three combinations made from Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon nardus and Hyptis suaveolens oils on Anopheles gambiae larvae …

Fitpack Kit Detektor Keputihan Abnormal Secara Praktis Dan Nyaman, Siti Suci Wahyuni, Fara Zhiniya Amalia, Made Radikia Prasanta, Nadya Erawati, Erti Hamimi

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Based on WHO data, vaginal infections every year affect women worldwide, around 10-15 percent of 100 million women. Pathological vaginal infections caused by Bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis. Abnormal vaginal discharge is an indication of a reproductive tract infection. Therefore, it is very important for women to make early detection of vaginal discharge that they suffer from. However, many women underestimate the presence of vaginal discharge, this is because women have a sense of shame to carry out their genital examinations at doctors, especially by male doctors. In addition, most women do not like the examination using medical procedures …

Analisis Status Depresi Sebagai Faktor Penyebab Hipertensi Berbasis Gender Di Indonesia (Studi Indonesian Family Life Survey 5), Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi, Itsna Faizah Ulfa, Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi, Rochmad Ardiansyah Pratama, Arini Banowati Azalia Adnin, Fiko Aninun Nur Aisyiyah, Septa Katmawanti

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Depression and hypertension are common and dangerous conditions among the Indonesian population. Measurement of blood pressure and detection of depression need to be done regularly to minimize the impact that occurs in the future. This study aims to determine whether depression is the cause of the incidence of hypertension by gender in Indonesia. The research design used in this study was analytic observation. This study used a cross sectional design, survey with stratified random sampling technique. The data in this study used secondary data based on the results of the Indonesian Family Life Survey Five (IFLS Five) research. Data analysis …

Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Kota Cilegon Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi Dan Tsunami, Lisa Maulida, Robbi Ocktadinata, Baety Adhayanti

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Disaster preparedness is an important matter, especially for people living in disaster-prone areas. Cilegon City has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of community preparedness in the city of Cilegon in facing the earthquake and tsunami disasters. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling in the Kelurahan so that five Kelurahan were selected. One hundred respondents from five Kelurahan were taken consecutively. The data collection technique uses the LIPI-Unesco 2006 questionnaire, which consists of 38 statement items of …

Faktor Pada Perawat Yang Berhubungan Dengan Persepsi Melaporkan Kejadian Tidak Diharapkan (Ktd) Di Rumah Sakit Prima Medika Denpasar Tahun 2020, I Putu Wirama, Adik Wibowo

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Hospital is complex and full of risk medical facility. Adverse events reporting is one part of the patient safety system that has an important roles to improve the hospital’s quality. Nurses have the longest contact's time with patients so they become the most important component in reporting the Adverse Event Reporting. This study aims to determine the factors that affects perception in adverse event reporting at Prima Medika Hospital Denpasar 2020. Prima MedikaHospitalis a type C private hospital.This studies quantitative study using a cross- sectional design with 140 nurses as samples and conducted in June 2020. The nurses’s perception who …

Analisis Produk Katering Sehat Di Rumah Sakit Izza Menggunakan St (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning) Dan 4p (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), Helmi Agustian

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

The food industry (culinary business) is an industry that is always in demand by the public. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, public awareness of adopting a healthy lifestyle is increasing. Choosing a healthier diet is one way. Izza Hospital is one of the private hospitals in the Cikampek area, which has its Nutrition Installation Unit. As a hospital where most patients are BPJS, there has never been any development of new service products related to patient nutrition. The research conducted is descriptive. The primary data is collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 patients receiving treatment at outpatient care. The results …