Public Health Commons^™

Dietary Assessments And Their Association With Psychological Factors, Inflammation, And Cardiovascular Health Outcomes, Junghee Kang

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, are the leading cause of death worldwide, causing one-third of deaths each year. Diet is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for CVD. The effects of behavioral risk factors, such as diet, may lead to increased blood pressure, increased blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. Inflammation contributes to the development of CVD and can be influenced by diet. Dietary assessment indices can measure diet quality from an individual's dietary intake by scoring food and nutrient intakes. However, the mediation effects of diet …

Assessment Of Perceived Levels Of Stress And Coping Mechanism Use Among Elementary School Teachers, Lauren Larson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The teaching profession is known to be highly stressful. Teacher stress is a real concern as there is a well-established link between job stress, burnout, and teacher attrition. Teacher attrition rates are currently at concerning levels in the United States and around the world. A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used to assess the relationship between perceived levels of stress and coping mechanism use among elementary school teachers. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of 420 public elementary school teachers in Minnesota. A 48-item survey which included the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief COPE was used to measure perceived levels …

Thinking Ethically About Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Retention In Care And Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing In A Southeastern United States Local Health Department In The Time Of Covid-19, Ellie Purdy

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Local Health Departments (LHDs) are critical providers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention efforts. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evolving public health initiative and practitioners should consider PrEP interventions in context of ethical decision-making and a broad STI prevention strategy as global incidence of bacterial STIs remains high and those at-risk for HIV are generally at-risk for other STIs. An evaluation of the Thinking Ethically framework and LHD PrEP services was performed to fill a gap in the literature and support program decision-making. A retrospective review of PrEP user medical records from a LHD …

Identifying Strategies To Increase The Recruitment And Retention Of Minority Males In The Public Health Workforce: A Two-State Comparative Case Study Approach, Melicent R. Miller

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Non-White males have higher rates of morbidity and mortality from chronic health conditions as compared to Whites. An essential element for achieving success in eliminating health disparities is to increase the presence of racial/ethnic minorities (i.e., people of color) within public health careers. One of the most important competencies for a public health professional is the ability to work in culturally and racially diverse populations. Yet, individuals are significantly more likely to receive their care and experience greater satisfaction from providers that are of the same racial or ethnic background. The racial/ethnic composition of the health professions workforce continues to …

An Exploration Of Depression In African American Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms, Coping Strategies And The Potential Benefits Of Religiosity, Delores P. Quasie-Woode

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Depressive symptoms in adults with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) often go unrecognized and untreated. SCD is one of the most common inherited hemoglobin disorders in the United States, affecting 1 in 365 African Americans. Individuals with SCD and co-morbid Depression lead to high hospitalization rates and healthcare utilization. The objective of this study is to explore depressive symptoms and preferred coping strategies among African American Adults with SCD. Furthermore, the aim is to explore the acceptability of religiosity among those who self-identify as religious.

Interviews were conducted with 30 African American adults, recruited during their hematology appointment at the Center …

United States Nursing Homes And Health Equity During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Carla Cooper

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected older populations, with nursing homes impacted early on by the disease. The contribution of race/ethnicity of nursing home residents and facility characteristics on COVID-19 were unknown. The Donabedian model framework was used to study the relationship between the racial/ethnic characteristics of nursing home residents and COVID-19 outcomes and to examine if this relationship was moderated by the racial/ethnic composition of the county of nursing home location.

Method: Cross-sectional research design merging data from five publicly available sources. Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared by the racial composition of the county and nursing …

The Effectiveness Of Tibetan Yoga To Reduce Climacteric Symptoms And Enhancing Quality Of Life In Perimenopausal Women: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial, Natsupa Archong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: The climacteric symptoms has been the problems of most perimenopause women so far. This research examined the effect of using Tibetan Yoga in reducing climacteric symptoms and enhance quality of life of the perimenopause women. Objectives: To study the effect of Tibetan Yoga in reducing climacteric symptoms and increasing the quality of life in perimenopausal women. Method: This research is an experimental research. The research participants were sixty-four Thai perimenopausal women who lived in Moo 9, Lahan community, Bangbuatong District of Nonthaburi. Thirty-two of them were randomly selected to join the experimental group, the rest were in the controlled …

Peer-Taught Virtual Research Workshops For Surgical Residents: Protocol For A Novel And Sustainable Solution To Improving Surgical Research In Pakistan, Russell S. Martins, Ronika Devi Ukrani, Mohummad Hassan Raza Raja, Maria Khan, Haissan Iftikhar, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Saulat Fatimi

Medical College Documents

Objective: To generate a protocol describing the methodology for a study assessing the effectiveness of a comprehensive series of peer-taught online research workshops for surgical residents across Pakistan in terms of improving research-related knowledge and skills, and long-term research involvement and output.
Methods: The quasi-experimental study will consist of a series of six online research workshops conducted over Zoom for surgical residents across Pakistan. An online sign-up form will be circulated on social media to current surgical residents throughout Pakistan. Curricular content covered in the workshops will be developed in collaboration with experienced research faculty at the Departments of Surgery …

Targeted Teacher Education To Improve Primary Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge And Understanding Of Uv And Effective Sun Protection Measures For Children, Joseph J. Scott, Robyn S. Johnston, Natasha Bear, Sonia Gregory, Sally Blane, Mark Strickland, Jill Darby, Elin S. Gray

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Teachers are responsible for children at school during peak ultraviolet (UV) times of the day. It is paramount that teachers have knowledge and understanding of UV to effectively protect themselves and their students. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a short intervention on preservice teachers’ sun protective behaviours, knowledge and perceived skill to teach sun safety. Participants (n =161; median age=20 years) attended a 45-minute preservice teacher sun safety intervention and completed pre- and post-test surveys. Post-intervention, most participants indicated they felt: i) more informed about the dangers of UV and risks of developing …

Development And Validation Of A Psychometric Scale To Assess Attitude Towards Safe Abortions In Pakistan, Xaher Gul, Junaid-Ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Miraal Mavalvala, Waqas Hameed, Muhammad Ishaque

Community Health Sciences

Despite severe health and economic consequences that women face because of the negative attitude of healthcare providers towards safe abortion and post-abortion care (SA/PAC), no psychometric tool has yet been validated for assessing the attitude towards SA/PAC. Only a handful of studies have attempted to assess healthcare providers' attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a psychometric scale to assess attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. The study collected data from 106 workers of an NGO that provides SA/PAC through an online and anonymous survey using the organisation's network. The study used factor …

The Influence Of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) On Parkinson’S Disease: An Updated Systematic Review, Vikash Jaiswal, Danah Alquraish, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Shavy Nagpal, Prakriti Singh Shrestha, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Prathima Guntipalli, Diana F. Sánchez Velazco, Arushee Bhatnagar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: COVID-19 has affected global communities with multiple neurological complications in addition to other critical medical issues. COVID-19 binds to the host's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are expressed in the neurons and glial cells, acting as an entry port to the central nervous system (CNS). ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed on dopamine neurons, which may worsen the prognosis of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). SARS-CoV-2 may lead to an indirect response via immune-mediated cytokine storms and propagate through the CNS leading to damage. In this systematic review, we aim to provide thorough analyses of associations between COVID-19 …

Leveraging Adaptive Implementation Strategies To Achieve Universal Coverage Of Antiretroviral Therapy In Senegal, Gnilane Turpin, Carrie E. Lyons, Sidy Mokhtar Ndiaye, Nuria Gallego Marquez, Nika Elmi, Nguissali Turpin, Penda Dieng, Daouda Diouf, Stefan Baral

HIV and AIDS

This report summarizes findings from a study Project SOAR conducted to develop and assess the feasibility, fidelity, and cost-effectiveness of a universal coverage of antiretroviral treatment intervention among people living with HIV who are not virally suppressed in Dakar and Ziguinchor, Senegal.

Housing Is Healthcare Measuring The Cross-Sector Impact Of A Major Housing Initiative In Portland, Oregon, Keri B Vartanian, Aisha K Gilmore, Kyle Jones

View All

No abstract provided.

"Who's The Man?" Examining The Relationships Between Black Masculinity, Perceived Social Support, And Sexual Behavior In Black Male College Students, James Thomas

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Sexual health disparities in college-aged Black men remains a critical public health issue. Black men are likely to have an earlier sexual debut, acquire sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV at higher rates, and enter fatherhood at earlier ages than their White counterparts. Previous research has identified masculinity and perceived social support as predictors of sexual risk behavior for men in the U.S. However, when exploring masculinity’s influence on sexual behavior, studies that are culturally sensitive to Black men’s experiences and perspectives on manhood are few. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Black masculinity, …

Protecting Life And Lung: Protected Areas Affect Fine Particulate Matter And Respiratory Hospitalizations In The Brazilian Amazon Biome., Derek Michael Sheehan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

I assessed the impacts of upwind protected area coverage on local respiratory health within the Brazilian Amazon. A hypothesized mechanism is the legal prohibition of human ignited fires within protected areas, reducing particulate matter pollution, impacting respiratory health downwind. The connection between fires and respiratory diseases in the Amazon is well established (Smith et al. 2014; Rangel and Vogl 2019; Rocha and Sant’anna 2020). What is not well understood is the potential that government policies aimed at preventing ecosystem loss may also promote health and wellbeing, combining the UN sustainable development goals 3 and 15. Protected areas currently dominate government …

Increasing Physical Activity In Older Australians To Reduce Falls: A Program Evaluation, Kristy Robson, Nazmul Ahasan, Carly Barnes, Kylie Murphy, Rodney Pope

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: As people age, they are at greater risk of injurious falls. Falling has a significant impact not only on the individual but also the wider community. Undertaking physical activity is effective in reducing the rate of falls in this population. Therefore, providing targeted education during group-based falls prevention programs may increase the awareness and amount of physical activity older people undertake to assist in reducing their risk of falling. Methods: A longitudinal cohort design involving a pre-post intervention survey was conducted over an eight-month period with community-dwelling older adults who participated in a fall-prevention program. Participants were N = …

Early Response To Covid-19 In The Philippines, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Manuel M. Dayrit

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with weak health systems are especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe the challenges and early response of the Philippine Government, focusing on travel restrictions, community interventions, risk communication and testing, from 30 January 2020 when the first case was reported, to 21 March 2020. Our narrative provides a better understanding of the specific limitations of the Philippines and other LMICs, which could serve as basis for future action to improve national strategies for current and future public health outbreaks and emergencies.

Multilevel Factors Associated With Length Of Stay For Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome In Florida’S Nicus: 2010–2015, Chinyere N. Reid, Tara R. Foti, Alfred K. Mbah, Mark L. Hudak, Maya Balakrishnan, Russell S. Kirby, Roneé E. Wilson, William M. Sappenfield

College of Public Health Faculty Publications

To investigate potential factors influencing initial length of hospital stay (LOS) for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Florida. The study population included 2984 term, singleton live births in 33 Florida hospitals. We used hierarchical linear modeling to evaluate the association of community, hospital, and individual factors with LOS. The average LOS of infants diagnosed with NAS varied significantly across hospitals. Individual-level factors associated with increased LOS for NAS included event year (P <  0.001), gestational age at birth (P <  0.001), maternal age (P = 0.002), maternal race and ethnicity (P <  0.001), maternal education (P = 0.032), and prenatal care adequacy (P <  0.001). Average annual hospital NAS volume (P = 0.022) was a significant hospital factor. NAS varies widely across hospitals in Florida. In addition to focusing on treatment regimens, to reduce LOS, public health and quality improvement initiatives should identify and adopt strategies that can minimize the prevalence and impact of these contributing factors.

Analysis Of Contraceptive Use Among Immigrant Women Following Expansion Of Medicaid Coverage For Postpartum Care, Maria I. Rodriguez, Megan Skye, Stephan Lindner, Aaron B. Caughey, Ana Lopez-Defede

Publications

Importance: Access to postpartum care is restricted for low-income women who are recent or undocumented immigrants enrolled in Emergency Medicaid. Objective: To examine the association of a policy extending postpartum coverage to Emergency Medicaid recipients with attendance at postpartum visits and use of postpartum contraception. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study linked Medicaid claims and birth certificate data from 2010 to 2019 to examine changes in postpartum care coverage on postpartum care and contraception use. A difference-in-difference design was used to compare the rollout of postpartum coverage in Oregon with a comparison state, South Carolina, which did not cover …

The Effects Of Combined Transcranial Brain Stimulation And A 4-Week Visuomotor Stepping Training On Voluntary Step Initiation In Persons With Chronic Stroke-A Pilot Study, Ira H Gewolb, Babatunde T Sobowale, Frank L Vice, Abhijit Patwardhan, Nino Solomonia, Eric W Reynolds

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Suck-swallow rhythmicity and the integration of breathing into infant feeding are developmentally regulated. Neurological injury and breathing abnormalities can both impact feeding in preterm infants.

Objective: To determine the effects of neurologic injury independent of effects of disordered breathing on feeding biorhythms in premature infants.

Methods: Low-risk preterm infants (LRP), infants with Grade 3–4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH), those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and those with both BPD and IVH (BPD+IVH) were identified. Forty-seven infants, 32–42 weeks Postmenstrual Age (PMA) were evaluated on one or more occasions (131 studies). Of these, 39 infants (81 studies) were performed at >35 weeks …

Why Do You Wear A Mask? Children’S Conceptualizations Of Covid-19 And Contagion Avoidance Behaviors, Emily Hillman

Scripps Senior Theses

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a need has emerged for psychological research on children’s understanding of infectious disease transmission. However, little existing research examines the link between children’s cognitive reasoning about illness and their subsequent behaviors regarding its transmissibility. This study will examine children’s conceptualizations of contagious illnesses such as COVID-19 and their subsequent contagion avoidance. A mixed methods approach will be used to establish the content of children’s conceptualizations of contagion and level of causal reasoning related to illness transmission. Dyads will be constructed comprising 4-12-year-old children and their parents. It is expected that parental contagion avoidance …

Comunidad Y Contagio: La Narrativa Del Brote De Covid-19 En España, Samantha Lee

Honors Theses

La pandemia global de COVID-19 inició inesperadamente el enero del año 2020. Mientras que el nuevo coronavirus impactó a personas de todo el mundo, hay una narrativa particular del brote que se ha ocurrido en España. Las consecuencias corpóreas del virus han tenido mayores impactos en el tejido social, económico, político y cultural de España. Por resultado, hay una narrativa del brote que es específica a los valores, experiencias, suposiciones y creencias de personas en España. Esta historia de la pandémica se ha escrito a través de las redes sociales, así como los funcionarios de salud pública, profesionales medicales, autoridades …

Classification Des Sols Et Sélection Des Systèmes D’Étançonnement Pour L’Excavation Des Tranchées : Résultats Des Essais Réalisés Au Laboratoire De Géotechnique De L’Université Laval – Annexe, Bertrand Galy, Denis Lebœuf, Omar Chaallal, André Lan

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans le cadre du projet « Classification des sols et sélection des systèmes d’étançonnement pour l’excavation des tranchées », des tranchées et des excavations de pleine grandeur ont été réalisées dans une argile sensible typique du Québec, à Louiseville. Ces aménagements ont permis d’évaluer et de valider la résistance et le comportement de systèmes d’étançonnement, grâce aux essais suivants :

• Une excavation non soutenue de 5 m de profondeur à paroi verticale;
• Une excavation non soutenue de 4,2 m de profondeur, à paroi talutée (pente de 1,6:1);
• Une tranchée de 6 m de profondeur soutenue avec une boîte de tranchée …

Évaluation Des Méthodes D’Essai Pour Déterminer La Résistance Au Glissement Des Chaussures Sur Des Surfaces Glacées : Document Synthèse, Chantal Gauvin, Atena Roshan Fekr, Yue Li, Gordon Wong, Wayne Cheng, David Pearsall, Tilak Dutta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

En saison hivernale, glisser sur la glace est l’un des principaux risques inhérents aux activités professionnelles exercées à l’extérieur. Alors que de nombreux travailleurs comptent sur leurs chaussures de travail pour les empêcher de glisser, ces derniers se retrouvent souvent devant un choix difficile quand vient le temps de sélectionner les meilleures bottes antidérapantes pour l’hiver. Des méthodes d’essai normalisées existent déjà pour évaluer le coefficient de friction (CdF) des chaussures sur des surfaces autres que la glace. Bien que l’appareil utilisé pour ces tests puisse être utilisé en tandem avec une machine qui permet de fabriquer des surfaces glacées …

Evaluation Of Test Methods For Determining Footwear Slip Resistance On Ice Surfaces, Chantal Gauvin, Atena Roshan Fekr, Yue Li, Gordon Wong, Wayne Cheng, David Pearsall, Tilak Dutta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Slipping on ice is one of the main risks of outdoor occupational activities during winter. Ice and freezing rain were involved in 14% of slip, trip and fall (STF) accidents from 2014 to 2016 in Quebec. Many workers who perform outdoor activities rely on their boots to prevent them from slipping. However, choosing the best slip resistant footwear is challenging. Currently, there is no standard test method for evaluating slip resistance of footwear on ice surfaces. The SATRA STM 603 whole shoe tester is used in standard test methods (ASTM International, 2019b, F2913-19; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2019, 13287:2019) …

Transferts Interorganisationnels De Connaissances Issues D’Enquêtes D’Accident Du Travail, Cheikh Faye

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST) est chargée de la gestion du régime québécois de la santé et sécurité du travail (SST). Elle a pour fonctions, notamment l’élaboration, la proposition et la mise en œuvre des politiques dans le domaine de la SST en vue de protéger les travailleurs et d’assurer une meilleure qualité des milieux de travail. À ce titre, la CNESST diligente systématiquement une enquête lorsque survient un accident du travail mortel ou grave à l’exception des accidents de la route et ceux concernant les travailleurs des entreprises …

Improving The Accuracy Of Occupational Hygiene Models Used To Estimate Worker Exposure To Solvent Vapours, Spéro Abattan, Stéphane Hallé, Daniel Drolet, Ali Bahloul, Patrick Eddy Ryan, Wejden Chouchene, Carlos Castro Ruiz, Jérôme Lavoué, Maximilien Debia

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Chaque année, des travailleurs québécois subissent des effets sur leur santé après avoir été exposés à des substances chimiques, notamment à des solvants. La modélisation des expositions professionnelles occupe une place importante dans la prévention des risques. Cette recherche vise à étudier différents aspects de la modélisation pour estimer des expositions professionnelles à des vapeurs de solvants dans le but d’en améliorer la justesse de prédiction. Le travail de recherche a été effectué en deux volets. Grâce à la mise en œuvre de tests à petite échelle (volet I) et à échelle humaine (volet II), les travaux présentés dans cette …

Les Lésions Professionnelles De La Coiffe Des Rotateurs De L'Épaule : Optimiser La Prise En Charge Des Travailleurs Et Favoriser Le Retour Au Travail, François Desmeules, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Joseph-Omer Dyer, Pierre Frémont, Clermont Dionne, Joy C. Macdermid, Michel Tousignant, Annie Rochette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les atteintes musculosquelettiques de l’épaule sont fréquentes chez les travailleurs. En plus d’affecter leur qualité de vie, elles entraînent une augmentation de l’absentéisme et une diminution de la productivité, et peuvent conduire à une retraite anticipée. Pour l’année 2017, la province de Québec a enregistré 2,1 milliards de dollars en prestations en lien avec des lésions professionnelles. Environ 8 % de ces réclamations étaient dues à une lésion touchant l’articulation de l’épaule (CNESST, 2018).

Les lésions de la coiffe des rotateurs (CR) sont les affections les plus rencontrées chez les travailleurs présentant une atteinte à l’épaule. Présentement, les cliniciens ne …

Les Lésions Professionnelles De La Coiffe Des Rotateurs De L'Épaule : Optimiser La Prise En Charge Des Travailleurs Et Favoriser Le Retour Au Travail : Matériel Supplémentaire, François Desmeules, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Joseph-Omer Dyer, Pierre Frémont, Clermont Dionne, Joy C. Macdermid, Michel Tousignant, Annie Rochette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Voir également :

• Les lésions professionnelles de la coiffe des rotateurs de l'épaule : optimiser la prise en charge et en favoriser le retour au travail, RA-1119-fr

• Les lésions professionnelles de la coiffe des rotateurs de l’épaule : optimiser la prise charge et en favoriser le retour au travail : guide de pratique clinique, RG-1119-fr

Développement, Validation Et Application D’Une Méthode Quantitative Pour Évaluer Les Déplacements Des Pieds Des Manutentionnaires, André Plamondon, Antoine Muller, Xavier Robert-Lachaîne, Jasmin Vallée-Marcotte, Denys Denis, Christian Larue, Hakim Mecheri, Philippe Corbeil

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les troubles musculosquelettiques lors d’activités de manutention manuelle (MM) sont encore très présents dans nos milieux de travail. Les facteurs de risque biomécanique les plus souvent associés aux douleurs au dos incluent la manutention manuelle, les répétitions excessives, les torsions du tronc et les levers de charges lourdes. Plusieurs déterminants d’une tâche de MM ont été étudiés pour déterminer leur importance sur l'exposition physique des travailleurs. Par exemple, la hauteur de la charge, la distance initiale de la charge par rapport au corps, la masse soulevée et la vitesse du soulèvement sont tous des déterminants liés à la …