Public Health Commons^™

A Literature Review Of Paid Sick Leave And Disparate Populations In The United States During The Covid Pandemic, Jessica Davies

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

The COVID pandemic is providing many public health and health policy learning opportunities to identify disparities among women, minorities, and underserved/distressed populations and inform subsequent policy-level strategies. It is recommended people stay home when they are sick; yet, not all people have access to paid sick leave. Individuals are left with the unfortunate decision to lose pay or go to work when they are ill. This is disconcerting in any given year with the annual flu illness and other communicable diseases; however, especially concerning during the COVID pandemic given the high virus transmissibility. Paid sick leave is not universally accessible …

Developing And Piloting An E-Learning Module On Respiratory Protection, Emily Girard

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Respiratory diseases are one of the most common causes of occupational illnesses in the United States. Many occupations use personal protective equipment (PPE) in the form of respirators to protect against respiratory hazards when other control methods are not effective. However, some workers may not have had adequate training on their use. An e-learning module was developed to provide information about respirators and their use in agriculture. The interactions of matching, sorting, and review questions require the user to be an active participant with the goal of reinforcing the information. It was hypothesized the average summative assessment score would increase …

Evaluating Nebraska Ems Providers' Ability And Willingness To Respond To Bioterrorism Emergencies, Ryan Houser

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Previous studies have found that public health systems within the United States are inadequately prepared for an act of biological terrorism. This study utilized an Internet-based survey to assess the level of preparedness and willingness to respond to a bioterrorism attack, and identify factors that predict preparedness and willingness among Nebraska Emergency Medical Service providers, who are key to resilience in the face of an attack. The survey was available for one month in 2021 during which 190 EMS providers responded to the survey. The subjects included Registered Nurses, doctors, EMTs, and paramedics. Only 10% of the respondents are both …

Gender Disparity In Obesity And Lifestyle Characteristics Among Adults In Mississippi, Jalysa M. Edwards

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Obesity is a primary public health concern and is associated with several chronic health diseases that can have dire consequences. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were about 1.9 billion overweight adults aged 18 years and above and at least 650 million adults were obese worldwide in 2016. Adults living in Mississippi are of particular concern, due to the high obesity rate which has continued to increase over the past 25 years. Mississippi’s obesity rate is 37.3%, which is one of the highest rates of adult obesity in the United. While obesity increases the risk of disease outcomes, …

Occupational Injuries Associated With Workplace Violence In An Academic Medical Center, Rebecca J. Bonacci

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Violence is a major source of workplace injury in the medical profession. Peer reviewed literature is lacking for workers that have injuries through violence from clients who have intellectual disabilities. Literature for hospital security is also lacking. In this study of workplace violence, we compared injuries among the occupational groups at an academic medical center from 2017-2020. We hypothesized that violence will be similar across the years. Occupational injury and illness data was obtained from an academic medical center. The number of violence cases was divided by the total number of injury cases and reported as a percentage. We found …

Factors Contributing To Trust Of Occupational Healthcare Services In Meatpacking Plants, Gabriella Ochoa

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Meatpacking refers to the slaughtering of livestock and processing and packaging it into meat and other byproducts. Meatpacking is a large industry employing thousands of workers from various racial and socioeconomic backgrounds in Nebraska. These workers have experienced disparities in accessing occupational health services such as language barriers, fear of job loss, or deportation due to immigration status if these services were used. The purpose of this study was to investigate how trust in occupational health services varied among employees at a meatpacking plant in Nebraska by demographic characteristics, particularly by ethnicity, gender, and English language proficiency.

Derivation And Validation Of A General Predictive Model For Long Term Risks For Mortality And Invasive Cardiovascular Interventions In Congenital Heart Disease, David A. Danford

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Introduction. Accurate assessment of prognosis is a key driver of clinical decision making in congenital heart disease (CHD), but is complicated because CHD represents such a diverse collection of conditions. The aim of this investigation is to derive, validate, and calibrate multivariable predictive models for time to surgical or catheter-mediated intervention (INT) in CHD and for time to death in CHD. Methods. 4108 unique subjects were prospectively and consecutively enrolled, and randomized to derivation and validation cohorts. Total follow up was 26,578 patient-years, with 102 deaths and 868 INTs. Accelerated failure time multivariable predictive models for the outcomes, based on …

Population-Level Prevalence Of Depression And Summary Statistics Of Women With At Least A Year Post-Final Menstruation With And Without Hysterectomy, Happiness Kingi

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Background: Depression is associated with estrogen hormonal changes. There are few comparisons studies on the population-level prevalence of depression in women at least a year post final menstruation with and without hysterectomy.

Objectives: 1) To determine the population-level prevalence of depression in women with at least a year post final menstruation with and without hysterectomy and 2) to calculate the summary statistics of women with at least a year post final menstruation with and without hysterectomy

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional design was used. Respondents were female participants of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) …

Addressing Production Gaps For Vaccines In African Countries, Anna Mia Ekström, Göran Tomson, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Catherine Kyobutungi, Agnes Binagwaho, Ole Petter Ottersen

Institute for Global Health and Development

No abstract provided.

'It Is A Disease Which Comes And Kills Directly': What Refugees Know About Covid-19 And Key Influences Of Compliance With Preventive Measures, Adelaide Lusambili, Michela Martini, Faiza Abdirahaman, Asante Abena, Joseph Guni, Sharon Ochieng, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Refugees are at increased risk for COVID-19 infection in part due to their living conditions, which make it harder to adopt and adhere to widely accepted preventive measures. Little empirical evidence exists about what refugees know about COVID-19 and what they do to prevent infection. This study explored what refugee women and their health care workers understand about COVID-19 prevention, the extent of their compliance to public health recommendations, and what influences the adoption of these measures.

Methods: In October 2020, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews with facility and community health care staff (n = 10) and refugee women …

Validity, Reliability, And Measurement Invariance Of An Adapted Short Version Of The Hiv Stigma Scale Among Perinatally Hiv Infected Adolescents At The Kenyan Coast, Stanley W. Wanjala, Derrick Ssewanyana, Patrick N. Mwangala, Carophine Nasambu, Esther Chongwo, Stanley Luchters, Charles R. J. C. Newton, Amina Abubakar

Population Health, East Africa

Background: There is a dearth of instruments that have been developed and validated for use with children living with HIV under the age of 17 years in the Kenyan context. We examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale administered to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 12-17 years between November 2017 and October 2018. A short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale (HSS-40) containing twelve items (HSS-12) covering the four dimensions of …

Defining The Epidemiology Of Safety Risks In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients Requiring Surgery, Daniel J France, Jason Slagle, Emma Schremp, Sarah Moroz, L Dupree Hatch, Peter Grubb, Timothy J Vogus, Matthew S Shotwell, Amanda Lorinc, Christoph U Lehmann, Jamie Robinson, Marlee Crankshaw, Maria Sullivan, Timothy A Newman, Tamara Wallace, Matthew B Weinger, Martin L Blakely

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, type, severity, preventability, and contributing factors of nonroutine events (NREs)-events perceived by care providers or skilled observers as a deviations from optimal care based on the clinical situation-in the perioperative (i.e., preoperative, operative, and postoperative) care of surgical neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit and operating room.

METHODS: A prospective observational study of noncardiac surgical neonates, who received preoperative and postoperative neonatal intensive care unit care, was conducted at an urban academic children's hospital between November 1, 2016, and March 31, 2018. One hundred twenty-nine surgical cases in …

Factors Influencing Us Residents' Willingness To Engage In Domestic Medical Tourism, Hananeh Derakhshan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Domestic medical tourism is a niche market in the medical tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of different attributes on U.S residents’ willingness to participate in domestic medical tourism. Based on the medical tourism index (MTI) components, a total of fourteen possible attributes that may impact US residents’ willingness to seek out-of-town care were created and participants were asked to rate the importance of each attribute on their willingness to seek out-of-town care on a 10-point Likert scale. Using principal component analysis, the attributes were grouped into three components: (1) quality-of-care, (2) destination attraction, …

Determination Of The Presence Of Sars-Cov-2 In Environmental Surface And Air Samples From Public Areas In Las Vegas, Kristina Mihajlovski

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Contaminated surfaces and airborne spread are found to be among the main ways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Studies conducted in the hospital setting have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is found on frequently touched surfaces, personal protective equipment, and in air samples of patient isolation rooms. However, few environmental sampling studies have been done in public areas. Taking in consideration that COVID-19 cases may be symptomatic, presymptomatic, and asymptomatic, environmental monitoring may be essential for prompt detection of the virus. The objective of this study was to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can be detected on environmental surfaces and from air samples …

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis With Various Doses Of Hydroxychloroquine Among Healthcare Personnel With High-Risk Exposure To Covid-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Fibhaa Syed, Muhammad Hassan, Mohammad Ali Arif, Sadia Batool, Rauf Niazi, Ume E Laila, Sadia Ashraf, Junaid Arshad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective This trial aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with various hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) doses against a placebo among healthcare personnel (HCP) with high-risk exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). Methods A phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted including 200 subjects with no active or past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (antibody testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were taken at the time of enrollment). Subjects of experimental groups one to three received HCQ in various doses and the control group received a placebo. The study outcomes in terms of …

Long-Term Impacts Faced By Patients And Families After Harmful Healthcare Events, Madelene J Ottosen, Emily W Sedlock, Aitebureme O Aigbe, Sigall K Bell, Thomas H Gallagher, Eric J Thomas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Patients and families report experiencing a multitude of harms from medical errors resulting in physical, emotional, and financial hardships. Little is known about the duration and nature of these harms and the type of support needed to promote patient and family healing after such events. We sought to describe the long-term impacts (LTIs) reported by patients and family members who experienced harmful medical events 5 or more years ago.

METHODS: We performed a content analysis on 32 interviews originally conducted with 72 patients or family members about their views of the factors contributing to their self-reported harmful event. Interviews …

Kajian Tingkat Keparahan Postur Janggal Yang Berkontribusi Kepada Gangguan Sistem Muskuloskeletal (Studi Pustaka Naratif), Ira Safhira, Chandra Satrya

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Background: Not all of awkward postures that exist in the industry should be eliminated. Due to the fact, awkward posture can not be separated from daily work activities. Any movement that makes the body angle away from the normal position, can be said to be an awkward posture. Misconceptions related to the concept of awkward posture are followed by the fact that the assessment’s concepts of the observation method that are often used to assess awkward postures (REBA, RULA, and OWAS) is not accordance with the theory it should be. That condition can reduce the effectiveness of controlling musculoskeletal system …

News Media Trust And Mistrust During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kaitlyn Seiter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With the uncertainty and growing information surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, news media consumption has increased drastically compared to pre-pandemic consumption. At the start of the pandemic, 94% of Americans reported closely following COVID-19 news, with more than half of Americans spending more than two hours consuming COVID-19 news everyday (SSRS, 2020). With the news media serving as a critical source of information through this public health crisis, the public’s reactions, behaviors, and attitudes to the pandemic stem from the level of trust they have in the news media to share COVID-19 information. Because of this, this study examines trust in …

Economic Impact Of Targeted Government Responses To Covid-19: Evidence From The Large-Scale Cluster In Seoul, Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Jinwook Shin

Research Collection School Of Economics

We estimate the economic impact of South Korea's targeted responses to the first large-scale COVID-19 cluster in Seoul. We find that foot traffic and retail sales decreased only within a 300 meter radius of the cluster and recovered to its pre-outbreak level after four weeks. The reductions appear to be driven by temporary business closures rather than the risk avoidance behavior of the citizens. Our results imply that less intense, but more targeted COVID-19 interventions, such as pin-pointed, temporary closures of businesses, can be a low-cost alternative after lifting strict social distancing measures.

The Pandemic As Political Opportunity: Jokowi’S Indonesia In The Time Of Covid-19, Charlotte Setijadi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In mid-2021, the Delta strain of the Covid-19 virus caused a second wave of transmissions and deaths in Indonesia at a scale much greater than what was seen in 2020. In this paper, I examine what the Indonesian government’s handling of the Covid crisis in 2021 reveals about the priorities of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), as well as his political agenda and attitude towards the country’s democracy, as he strives to cement his legacy. I argue that, while devastating, the Covid-19 pandemic has given Jokowi the opportunity to push through long-planned economic and political reforms. Furthermore, I contend that, under …

Influence Of Rapid Covid-19 Vaccine Development On Vaccine Hesitancy, Sonny Rosenthal, Christopher L. Cummings

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Introduction: In the race to deploy vaccines to prevent COVID-19, there is a need to understand factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Secondary risk theory is a useful framework to explain this, accounting for concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety. Methods: During the first week of July, 2020, participants (N = 216) evaluated one of three different hypothetical vaccine scenarios describing an FDA-approved vaccine becoming available “next week,” “in one year,” or “in two years.” Dependent variables were perceived vaccine efficacy, self-efficacy, perceived vaccine risk, and vaccination willingness. Covariates included vaccine conspiracy beliefs, science pessimism, media dependency, and perceived COVID-19 risk. Data …

Improving Maternal And Child Health In Pakistan: A Programme Evaluation Using A Difference In Difference Analysis, Muhammad Ashar Malik, Lara Riedige Rohm, Pieter Van Baal, Eddy Van Doorslaer Van Doorslaer

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Pakistan is a country with high maternal and infant mortality. Several large foreign funded projects were targeted at improving maternal, neonatal and child health. The Norway-Pakistan Partnership Initiative (NPPI) was one of these projects. This study aims to evaluate whether NPPI was successful in improving access and use of skilled maternal healthcare.
Methods: We used data from three rounds (2009-2010, 2011-2012 and 2013-2014) of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM). A difference-in-difference regression framework was used to estimate the effectiveness of NPPI and its different programme components with respect to maternal healthcare seeking behaviour of pregnant …

A Novel Simulation-Based Multidisciplinary Verbal De-Escalation Training., Gary Duncan, Megan Schabbing, Brad D Gable

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

Background Agitated or aggressive patients pose a high risk of emotional and physical harm to hospital staff. Healthcare associates have the highest rate of workplace violence among studied fields. Learning to effectively de-escalate a patient who is a danger to self or others is key to reducing these incidents. This course was designed to improve education and communication among staff on a hospital surgical floor when verbal de-escalation is needed. Methods A ninety-minute simulation-based multidisciplinary curriculum was developed. This included a 30-minute didactic discussion, 10-minute simulation, and 50-minute debrief. Learners included nurses, patient service associates, and protective services officers from …

Categorization And Frequency Of Indications For Packed Cell Transfusion In The Preterm Newborn During The Initial Hospital Stay At A Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study, Shirin Surani, Heeramani Lohana, Sheraz Ahmed, Rabia Hassan, Sapna Kewalani, Khalil Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Packed cell transfusion is a lifesaving procedure in premature babies as they have more complications as compared to babies who are born at term. Complications related to prematurity increase as gestational age decreases and anemia is one of the complications of prematurity which needs packed cell transfusions. To date, when to transfuse preterm babies and what would be the threshold for hemoglobin and hematocrit is still a point of argument as well as liberal versus restrictive transfusion protocols have been developed but what should be followed still needs more data. In our study, we have observed frequencies of different …

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Continuing Professional Development In The Pharmaceutical Workplace: A Cross-Sectional Study In Lebanon, Georges Hatem, Mathijs Goossens, Diana Ghanem, Roula Bou Assi

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Continuous Professional Development in the pharmaceutical workplace and the direct impact on the pharmacists’ personal and professional progression and to assess their perceptions toward various CPD methods and their incorporation into this recent learning pathway. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Lebanon within three months from July 2017 till September 2017 using a survey as a tool. Overall 142 participants were conveniently selected frequency matching national government estimates of pharmacists’ work location and gender . Results: Among the respondents, 38.7% reported that they have learnt through CD/DVD, …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 97), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Booster Update, November 30, 2021, University Of Northern Iowa

UNI Response to COVID-19

Provides an update on the CDC recommendation that individuals over the age of 18 get a booster shot of the COVID-19 vaccine for any of the vaccines available in the United States. Serves as a reminder that the Pfizer-BioNTech and Johnson and Johnson vaccines are available on campus through the Student Health Clinic.

2021-11-30_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Care) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, …

2021-11-30_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173-526911--,00.html.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

From Pandemic Response To Portable Population Health: A Formative Evaluation Of The Detroit Mobile Health Unit Program, Phillip Levy, Erin Mcglynn, Alex B. Hill, Liying Zhang, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Bethany Foster, Jasmine Criswell, Caitlin O'Brien, Katee Dawood, Lauren Baird, Charles J. Shanley

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This article describes our experience developing a novel mobile health unit (MHU) program in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area. Our main objectives were to improve healthcare accessibility, quality and equity in our community during the novel coronavirus pandemic. While initially focused on SARS-CoV-2 testing, our program quickly evolved to include preventive health services. The MHU program began as a location-based SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy coordinated with local and state public health agencies. Community needs motivated further program expansion to include additional preventive healthcare and social services. MHU deployment was targeted to disease “hotspots” based on publicly available SARS-CoV-2 testing data and …