Public Health Commons^™

Malaria Elimination, Gurleen Saini, Anusheh Khan, Priscilla Matthews

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Using A One Health Approach To Address The Challenges Posed By Rabies To Animals And People In Rural Areas In Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, Ryan Lapenna, Isaac Moyo, Jessica Dawson, Chris Foggin, Francisco Olea-Popelka

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

An Upstream Approach To Diarrheal Disease, Ayah Karra Aly, Adaku Ohuruogu, Georgia Leigh Raithby, Jasandeep Sehra

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Through The Lens Of Egocentric Design: Do Aya Males' Social Networks Influence Or Shape Their Srh Literacy And Information Behaviour?, Ebenezer Martin-Yeboah

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Promoting The Growth Of The Fiti Probiotic Initiative In Tanzania, Jasmine Wen, Gurleen Saini, Dora Parkinson

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Preeclampsia In Rural Uganda Through Community Health Workers Using The Minipiers Model, Amina Abib Osman, Josephine Mariz De Leon, Ayah Karra Aly

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Diversification Of Research Methodological Approach During Model Enhancements In Health Information System Research, Uche Ikenyei

Africa Western Collaborations Day 2020 Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Lincoln County Community Paramedicine Data Collection Initiative, Katie Rosingana Ba, Evelyn Ali Bs, Karen Pearson Mlis, Ma

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

No abstract provided.

Radiation Actions And Dimensions Of Radiation Safety Among U.S. Radiologic Technologists, Quentin T. Moore

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background: Radiation safety culture is a fundamental contributor to procedural justification, exam optimization, and dose-limiting practices in medical imaging. Multiple intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy factors could influence the outcomes of radiation safety culture.

Purpose and Aims: The purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of radiation safety culture among U.S. radiologic technologists. The specific aims were to: 1) develop a survey instrument tailored to radiation actions and dimensions of radiation safety with a sequential use of multiple techniques; 2) examine determinants of radiation safety culture employing McLeroy’s socioecological model; 3) examine relationship between the determinants of …

Covid-19 In Indigenous Communities: Five Protective Factors Of “Exercising” Sovereignty, Kelsey Leonard, Natalie Welch, Alisse Ali-Joseph

Faculty Publications

Indigenous Peoples have an inherent responsibility and right to “exercising” sovereignty - the practice of sport and physical activity in performance of our cultural, political, and spiritual citizenship (Ali-Joseph 2018). During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to and equity (inequity) in sport and physical activity has been felt (physically, spiritually, politically) within Indigenous communities. We implement an abundance-based Indigenous approach to understanding Indigenous Peoples’ responses to the coronavirus pandemic through sport and its far-reaching ramifications in Indian Country. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic we have seen Indigenous Peoples utilize social media such as Facebook and TikTok to reimagine Indigenous sport …

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #3: Hurricanes And Covid-19, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

Hurricane Evacuation & Sheltering During COVID-19

The 2020 Life in Hampton Roads (LIHR) survey includes several questions concerning how residents plan to prepare for and respond to hurricanes during the COVID19 pandemic.

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #8: Health And Covid-19, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

Life in Hampton Roads: COVID-19 and Health

The 2020 survey included several questions about health-related concerns and behaviors of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses provide insight into the experiences and concerns of Hampton Roads citizens around a variety of health-related topics.

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, about three-quarters of Hampton Roads residents felt that their health in general was good (19.6%) or excellent (55.8%). Only 2.7% rated their health as poor while one in five rated their health as fair (20.8%).

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #2: Policy And Local Response Covid-19, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

Life in Hampton Roads: Politics, Policy and COVID-19 Response

The survey included several questions that provide a window into the views of Hampton Roads citizens concerning policy choices and leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Overall and on most issues the public was quite divided, with divisions often falling along party lines, but President Trump and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) seemed to elicit the strongest negative and positive responses, respectively. A substantial majority approved of Governor Northam’s timing on the initial stay-at-home order, and respondents leaned toward the view that additional restrictions on public activity should …

Formative Work To Design A Digital Learning Self-Assessment And Feedback Tool To Prevent Weight Gain Among College Students, M.A Napolitano, S.B. Lynch, M.N. Mavredes, B.D. Shambon, L. Posey

Health Sciences Education Research

Objective: While colleges have implemented brief, tailored interventions for health-risk areas such as alcohol prevention, theoretically-guided digital learning offerings for weight gain prevention have lagged behind in programming and implementation. Thus, the objective was to design and usability test a weight gain prevention digital learning platform for college students with modules targeting key nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Methods: Development occurred in iterative phases: formative research, descriptive normative data collection, prototype development, and usability testing. Formative research consisted of background work and survey administration to incoming and current freshmen. Prototype development was guided by theories of behavior change and cognitive …

Tips To Lowering Calories On Dash Fact Sheet

United States Natonal Institutes of Health: Materials

Making simple substitutions can cut calories and add up to a big difference in your weight as you aim for your DASH goals.

Impact Of The First Covid-19 Shelter-In-Place Order In The United States On Emergency Department Utilization, Marin County, California, Brett R. Bayles, Michaela George, Haylea Hannah, Patti L. Culross, Rochelle Ereman, Dustin W. Ballard, Matthew Willis

Global Public Health | Faculty Scholarship

Background The first shelter-in-place (SIP) order in the United States was issued across six counties in the San Francisco Bay Area to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on critical care resources. We sought to assess the impact of this large-scale intervention on emergency departments (ED) in Marin County, California.

Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive and trend analysis of all ED visits in Marin County, California from January 1, 2018 to May 4, 2020 to quantify the temporal dynamics of ED utilization before and after the March 17, 2020 SIP order.

Results The average number of ED visits per day …

Challenging Aggressive Behaviors Experienced By Personal Support Workers In Comparison To Home Care Workers: Relationships Between Caregiver Experiences And Psychological Health, Kelsey N. Womack, Teala W. Alvord, Caitlyn F. Trullinger-Dwyer, Sean P.M. Rice, Ryan Olson

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Personal support workers (PSW) are caregivers for children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) or adults experiencing mental illness or other behavioral health conditions. The work can be very meaningful, but many PSWs must prepare for, monitor, and manage challenging behaviors, including aggression. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of aggression experienced by PSWs in Oregon, and compare it to a previous sample of Oregon home care workers (HCWs). This comparison included an analysis of relationships between exposures to aggression and psychological health factors. PSWs in Oregon (N = 240) were surveyed electronically at a single …

Social Stigma, Public Health, And Addiction In Albania, Ediola Malkouari

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Drug use is considered in many countries the plague of today's society. Researchers from medical, psychological and sociological fields, as well as lawmakers, are interested in finding more answers to this widespread phenomenon. All over the world there are known conflicts related to drug producing, transportation routes and distribution, that harm the economy and social standing of the involved communities or countries. Policies towards drug use vary from country to country, but this research focuses on how stigma affects the lives of individuals suffering from substance use disorder (SUD) in Albania. Substance use disorder is not often considered a disease, …

The Role Of Female Headed Households Caring For Children And No Spouse In Gentrification In Los Angeles, Jovita Murillo

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Gentrification is the “in-migration of a relatively well-off, middle- and upper-middle-class population” into historically marginalized communities (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Matsuoka et al. 2017). Literature has repeatedly shown that gentrification is placing cost and rent-burdened residents at risk of displacement due to the hike in housing prices and rents. Most cost and rent burdened households are female-headed households caring for children without a spouse (FHHCCNS) (Colburn and Allen, 2018). Given there is a lack of literature describing the role of gender in gentrification, this descriptive study aims to describe the gentrification profile in Los Angeles using multiple …

Recidivism Among Previously Incarcerated People Enrolled In Riverside County Whole Person Care, Ndifreke Emmanuel Etim

CGU Theses & Dissertations

The United States continues to policy shift towards reducing the number of incarcerated people; however, many people released from incarceration will be rearrested due to re-entry challenges. Several re-entry programs, such as the Whole Person Care pilot, have been developed to address these challenges and ensure that formerly incarcerated people successfully transition into the community. The primary aim of this project is to explore the determinants of recidivism among previously incarcerated people enrolled in the Whole Person Care pilot in Riverside County. This study suggests early linkage to services, such as mental health and substance use treatment services, will reduce …

Access To Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Dependence In The United States – Identifying Implications For Policy And Practice, Mofoluwake Adeniyi

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Americans make and use the most opioids in the world. Although comprising somewhat less than 5% of the world’s population, the United States (US) produces approximately 90% of the global supply of Hydrocodone and consumes an estimated 80% of the total international supply. It is not surprising, therefore, that the American opioid epidemic, particularly as it involves adults (those 18 years and older), is worsening—Indeed, President Trump declared it a national public health emergency. Many therefore anticipate that the US Congress will enact evidence-informed policies to address the opioid crisis. Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a pattern of opioid use …

Just Because (Most) Hospitals Are Publishing Charges Does Not Mean Prices Are More Transparent, Cody L. Mullens, J Andres Hernandez, Evan D. Anderson, Lindsay Allen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently mandated that all hospitals publish their charge description masters (CDMs) online, in a machine-readable format, by January 1, 2019. In addition, CMS recommended that CDM data be made available in a manner that was consumer friendly and accessible to patients.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) examine all hospitals across the state of Pennsylvania to understand policy compliance and (2) use established metrics to measure accessibility and consumer friendliness of posted CDM data.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to quantify hospital website compliance with the recent CMS policies requiring …

Tolerance Intervals For Time Series Models And Specifying Trimming/Winsorizing Cutoffs, Kedai Cheng

Theses and Dissertations--Statistics

Confidence intervals are used to capture a parameter of interest, usually a mean or a quantile, at a specified confidence level. Prediction intervals are another practical interval that aim at making sound predictions of future values with some confidence. Although these are useful inference tools, neither of them gives people a plausible range of the sampled population. Tolerance intervals are such an inference tool that captures a specified proportion of the sampled population at a predetermined confidence level. In this dissertation, tolerance intervals for an autoregressive process with order p are constructed. In addition, a method of utilizing tolerance interval …

Nutrition And Health Status Of Hemodialysis Patients In Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tanjina Rahman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Methods to identify patients at risk for End stage renal disease (ESRD) are a high priority in Bangladesh, where kidney transplants/dialysis options are limited and costly. Every year, 35,000 to 40,000 people reach ESRD in Bangladesh, but currently available facilities can hardly accommodate only 9000 to 10,000 new patients with twice weekly dialysis and the remaining 66% have no access to any kind of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the form of dialysis or transplantation. Nutrition is an important factor in maintaining good health of hemodialysis patients. However, data on nutritional status of Bangladeshi dialysis patients is limited and is …

An Occupational Hygiene And Safety Primer, Volume 2, Tim Ryan

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Intended to teach the basic tenets of occupational hygiene and safety to a wide variety of undergraduate college students with quite diverse backgrounds, the information in these volumes is open-sourced from a variety of experts on the subject.

An Occupational Hygiene And Safety Primer, Volume 1, Tim Ryan

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Intended to teach the basic tenets of occupational hygiene and safety to a wide variety of undergraduate college students with quite diverse backgrounds, the information in these volumes is open-sourced from a variety of experts on the subject.

A Descriptive Case Study On Patient Flow At A Medical Center In A Resource-Limited Setting, Salman Moti

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Medical centers operating in resource-limited settings face unique challenges associated with a scarcity of resources, expertise, and infrastructure. While inefficiencies can be identified in any organization, they can be particularly problematic for health care facilities that seek to expand the scope of their operations in resource-limited areas as resources that are already in short supply are utilized to fuel non-value-added activities. In this descriptive case study of a newly built medical center in Khorog, Tajikistan, we consider a medical center’s patient flow and the underlying systemic factors that contribute to the current state of affairs as well as interventions that …

Unintended Consequences Of Population Health In Medical Home Contracts With Mcos To Improve Quality Of Care, Mildred Scott

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Public policy efforts to improve population health are important. However, any public policy may have unintended consequences, and the risk of these side-effects may be substantial if they include payment incentives to providers or economic incentives for patients. A recent policy initiative The Population Health Medical Home Contracts with MCOs to Improve Quality of Care is the focus of this study. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented a quality initiative to improve the quality of healthcare and services for patients with Medicare and Medicaid benefits to improve Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Measures. As a …

Cost And Variations In Trauma Types For Pediatric Er Visits By South Carolina County, Cokeitha James Gaddist

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Children between the ages of 0 to 19 are treated in South Carolina emergency rooms (ER) and hospitals for unintentional injuries at an alarming rate which contributes to high medical cost and high mortality and morbidity rate. The objective of the study is to examine ER visits and hospital discharge data for pediatric patients in South Carolina by county to identify trauma types for unintentional injuries, cost, distribution by high-risk populations and by rural or urban classification to determine appropriate interventions. This is a quantitative study using retrospective analysis of archival data from ER visits and hospital discharge data for …

Mitigating The Risk Of Financial Distress And Closure In Rural Hospitals: A Multiple Case Study, Christopher Brian Wiggs

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Few studies have explored strategies rural hospitals have implemented to lower the risk of financial distress and closure. The objective of this doctoral project is to explore factors rural hospital stakeholders consider when determining the most appropriate business model for their organization. A multiple case study design was utilized to explore key factors considered in the decision-making processes at three rural hospitals in the southeastern Unites States with varying business models and characteristics. Nine rural hospital stakeholders including administrators, clinician, and community leaders participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive coding process. Seven themes …