Public Health Commons^™

Quercetin And Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy For The Prevention And Treatment Of Sars-Cov-2 Related Disease (Covid-19), Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Max Berrill, John D. Catravas, Paul Ellis Marik

Bioelectrics Publications

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties …

Experiences And Satisfaction Of High-Risk Mothers Who Gave Birth In Select Facilities In Legazpi City, Philippines, Maria Stephanie Fay S. Cagayan, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Rita Mae Ang-Bon, Erlidia F. Llamas-Clark

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Among the interventions implemented to curb maternal mortality in the Philippines, service delivery networks (SDNs) have been one of the most important. However, due to their recent implementation, frameworks to assess the quality of care they provide have not yet been established. To address this need, we had formulated the Integrated Patient-Centered Health Service Framework and used it to explore the satisfaction of mothers who gave birth in select facilities Legazpi City Philippines. We conducted key-informant interviews with 14 mothers. We found out that they were satisfied with the quality of care during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and post-partum; however, the quality …

What’S For Lunch? Examining The Factors Associated With Food Choices And Food Insecurity Among Cuny College Students- A Mixed Methods Study, Rachel G. Taniey

Dissertations and Theses

Background: The growing rates of food insecurity in college students points to the need to examine food choices within the context of a socio-ecological framework with an emphasis on the contribution of financial constraints and limited food access on food-based decisions.

Methods: A mixed-methods study design using both primary and secondary data analysis was developed for this dissertation. Primary data examining undergraduate college students was collected on three CUNY campuses including: semi-structured in-depth interviews (N=33), computerized 24-hour dietary recalls using the ASA24 program (N=45), three focus groups (N=26) with students who utilize on-campus food assistance programs, and key informant interviews …

Nih Funding For Research Underlying New Cancer Therapies, Ekaterina Galkina Cleary, Fred D. Ledley

Natural & Applied Sciences Faculty Publications

Contemporary discovery and development of cancer drugs are based on the model that investments in basic biomedical science will provide insights that can be translated into new cures. In the USA, basic research is primarily funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH),1 which allocates half of its research budget to basic science,2 with smaller amounts contributed by philanthropy, academics, or industry.1 Basic science is formally defined as the “systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and observable facts without specific application towards processes or products in mind”.3 However, science is often useinspired,4 …

Correlates Of Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy In Coastal Kenya, Moses K. Nyongesa, Paul Mwangi, Stanley Wanjala, Agnes M. Mutua, Hans M. Koot, Pim Cuijpers, Charles R. J. C. Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important metric of perceived wellbeing in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, research on HRQoL among PLWHA in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. This study investigates factors associated with HRQoL among PLWHA in Kilifi, coast of Kenya.

Methods: Between February and April 2018, 450 adults living with HIV and on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) between 18 to 60 years were sequentially recruited from an HIV-specialized clinic. The Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) questionnaire, previously adapted for assessing HRQoL in this setting, was slightly modified and administered to participants alongside other …

Medical-Legal Collaboration And Community Partnerships: Prioritizing Prevention Of Human Trafficking In Federally Qualified Health Centers, Kimberly S.G. Chang Md, Mph, Hamida Yusufzai, Anna Marjavi

Georgia State University Law Review

Human trafficking (HT) is increasingly recognized as a public health issue, and its severe consequences affect some of society’s most vulnerable members. Prioritizing prevention is a critical component of a public health framework when addressing HT, and the health care delivery system plays a crucial role in operationalizing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention interventions. As a significant part of the primary care system in the U.S., Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are uniquely positioned to be the first point of contact with the health care system for people at risk for and affected by HT. FQHCs provide many preventive services, …

Understanding Risk And Prevention In Midwestern Antitrafficking Efforts: Service Providers' Perspectives, Hannah E. Britton Ph.D.

Georgia State University Law Review

Since the 2000 passage of both the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and the U.N.’s Palermo Protocols, human trafficking has gained a notable global presence as a human rights concern. Community organizations, nonprofits, scholars, policymakers, and service providers have developed programs to identify and address human trafficking. Despite these efforts, finding reliable methods to document and quantify the instances of human trafficking continues to challenge researchers. Moreover, many believe trafficking is a problem primarily located in urban areas or along national borders.

Drawing from seven years of interviews with service providers who work in this sector, combined with survey results …

Gender Integration In Social And Behavior Change: What Does It Take?, University Research Co., Breakthrough Research

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This document pulls from a recent review of social and behavior change (SBC)-focused literature and highlights eight promising practices regarding how to integrate gender considerations in health and non-health SBC interventions. The practices are operationalized at different levels of the Socio-Ecological Model for Change and are mutually reinforcing. The purpose of this document is to share these promising practices with SBC partners to strengthen gender integration and mainstreaming efforts in SBC programming.

Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance Survey In Nigeria: Baseline Technical Report, Emily White Johansson, Paul Hutchinson, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Akanni Akinyemi, Andrea Smith, J. Clint Welty, Udochisom Anaba, Dominique Meekers, Alejandra Leyton, Dele Abegunde, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This technical report presents results of the baseline Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance survey by Breakthrough RESEARCH in Nigeria in September and October 2019. From 2019 to 2021, baseline, midline, and endline surveys will assess the effectiveness of Breakthrough ACTION integrated social and behavior change activities for malaria, family planning, and maternal, newborn and child health plus nutrition in Kebbi and Sokoto in comparison to Breakthrough ACTION's exclusively malaria activities in Zamfara state. Malaria activities were initiated in Zamfara in October 2019. This technical report presents detailed baseline results, including comparisons of results for the Breakthrough ACTION integrated and malaria-exclusive program areas. …

Costs Of Maternity Leave To Support Breastfeeding; Brazil, Ghana And Mexico, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Graciela M. Teruel, Diana Flores-Peregrina, Grace J. Carroll, Gabriela S. Buccini, Rafael Perez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective To develop a method to assess the cost of extending the duration of maternity leave for formally-employed women at the national level and apply it in Brazil, Ghana and Mexico. Methods We adapted a World Bank costing method into a five-step method to estimate the costs of extending the length of maternity leave mandates. Our method used the unit cost of maternity leave based on working women’s weekly wages; the number of additional weeks of maternity leave to be analysed for a given year; and the weighted population of women of reproductive and legal working age in a given …

Grains, Grasses, And Tubers: Staple Carbohydrates In The Diets Of Middle School Children Of Southern Zambia And Ethiopia, Brianna Juma

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

Purpose: Survey staple carbohydrate availability in local markets, complete anthropometric assessment, and interview primary school children about carbohydrate consumption in Southern Zambia and Ethiopia

Methods: Market inventories, anthropometric assessments, and interviews of 6th and 7th grade students

Results: Ethiopians have a greater diversity of available carbohydrates, have better overall anthropometric values compared to Zambian children, and consume more nutritious and varied carbohydrate types.

Conclusions: Diversity in carbohydrate availability and consumption, as well as more nutritious options, are associated with healthier growth rates among primary school children in Southern regions of Zambia and Ethiopia.

Covid-19 And Latinos In Massachusetts, Lorna Rivera, Phillip Granberry, Lorena Estrada-Martínez, Miren Uriarte, Eduardo Siqueira, Ana Rosa Linde-Arias, Gonzalo Bacigalupe

Gastón Institute Publications

This report focuses on the Latino population of Massachusetts and uses 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) demographic data to explore both Latinos’ vulnerability to COVID-19 infection and the key predictive factors. We explore what is known about the social determinants of health previously identified as critical to understanding the spread and differential infection rates of COVID-19 across populations—for example, opportunities for infection due to employment and housing conditions—and how these apply to the Latino population in Massachusetts. We also briefly explore those factors that lead to COVID-19 severe illness and possibly death from the disease, including the age of the …

Provision Of Mental Health Services By Critical Access Hospital-Based Rural Health Clinics, John A. Gale Ms, Zachariah T. Croll Mph, Nathan First Lcsw, Msw, Ma, Sara Kahn-Troster Mph

Rural Health Clinics

Residents of rural communities face longstanding access barriers to mental health (MH) services due to chronic shortages of specialty MH providers, long travel distances to services, increased likelihood of being uninsured or under-insured, limited choice of providers, and high rates of stigma. As a result, rural residents rely more heavily on primary care providers and local acute care hospitals to meet their MH needs than do urban residents. This reality highlights the importance of integrating primary care and MH services to improve access to needed care in rural communities. Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) are ideally positioned to help meet rural …

The Reproductive Health And Academic Impact Of The New York City School-Based Health Center Reproductive Health Project For Adolescents, Michelle Silverio

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Gaining an understanding of how school reproductive health policies impact adolescent sexual health and academic outcomes is a public health priority in the United States (U.S.) since it has the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among developed nations. Adolescence is a critical developmental period and influences in this period affect reproductive health and social well-being over a person’s entire lifespan. Almost all adolescents spend the majority of their time in school settings; therefore local school reproductive health policies may have substantial lifetime impacts. Policies such as providing comprehensive sexual health education and contraceptive access in …

Development Of A Hospital Readmission Reduction Program For Patients Discharged To Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Application Of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Techniques, Anna Stachel

Dissertations and Theses

Background

Hospital readmissions within 30 days after discharge have drawn national policy attention as they are a reflection of suboptimal patient care. Readmissions are costly, accounting for more than $17 billion in potentially avoidable Medicare expenditures - nearly 78% of readmissions may be avoidable. Rich electronic data from medical records, growing computing capacities, and open source machine learning algorithms offer new opportunities to predict patients at high risk for readmission and prevent readmission through focused interventions. Prediction models might also serve to provide a more nuanced context of patient characteristics that lead to variations in readmission rates. Furthermore, transitional care …

Mindfulness For Stress Reduction: Qualitative Analysis Of Perceptions From College Students And Mindfulness Instructors, Beth Marie Merlo

Master's Theses

Although mindfulness interventions with college students have yield positive results, many students are not continuing to engage after the interventions. This may be because very little research has been done to investigate the health behavior beliefs of college students in regard to mindfulness for stress reduction. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the most influential components of the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) that potentially assist with predicting college student participation in mindfulness activities for stress reduction. Interviews, informed by the IBM, were conducted with 20 current college students and 5 current mindfulness instructors working with college students. The …

When Crises Happen: Coronavirus And What We Expect For Global Growth, Waqas Adenwala

Asian Management Insights

An unflinching take on the negative effects on growth from both demand and supply channels.

Commencement Program 2020 (School Of Public Health), Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

2 | Message from the President

4 | Message from the Dean

4 | University History Highlights

6 | Candidates for Degrees

Shadow Standards And The Logic Of Costs: Care, Stewardship, And Data In U.S. Community Health, Margarite J. Whitten

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the delegation of responsibility for providing health care to particular categories of marginalized populations in the United States in the absence of a uniform and universal health care system. It explores how the U.S. federal government governs patient populations at a distance by mandating that healthcare providers collect, produce, and report on patient data. Drawing from eighteen months of ethnographic research in Massachusetts clinics for the homeless and the frail elderly between 2014-2015, I argue that when marginalized patients are unable to satisfy the neoliberal ideal of self-governance to maintain their health in cost-effective ways, providers are …

Factors Predicting Sustainability: A Correlational Study Of One Multi-Site Program, Meredith L. King Jensen

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Healthcare organizations invest significant economic, physical, and human resources to implement changes and expect sustained benefits for their investments in the long term. Yet, few studies have examined long-term sustainability and factors contributingto sustainability. The primary aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of sustainability and five factors (champions, leadership support, policy, resources, and training and education) that might predict long-term sustainability within the context of one Safe Patient Handling and Mobility (SPHM) program implemented in a large, nationwide system more than 7 years ago. The secondary aim was to examine the number of nursing staff injuries, …

Covid-19 Vulnerability Among People Who Use Drugs: Recommendations For Global Public Health Programmes And Policies, Ian W. Holloway, Anne C. Spaulding, Ayako Miyashita Ochoa, Laura A. Randall, Adrian R. King, The Hbou Study Team, Paula M. Frew

School of Public Health Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Health And Dental Care Expenditures In The United States From 1996 To 2016, Man Hung, Martin S. Lipsky, Ryan Moffat, Evelyn Lauren, Eric S. Hon, Jungweon Park, Gagandeep Gill, Julie Xu, Lourdes Peralta, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: As total health and dental care expenditures in the United States continue to rise, healthcare disparities for low to middle-income Americans creates an imperative to analyze existing expenditures. This study examined health and dental care expenditures in the United States from 1996 to 2016 and explored trends in spending across various population subgroups.

Methods: Using data collected by the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this study examined health and dental care expenditures in the United States from 1996 to 2016. Trends in spending were displayed graphically and spending across subgroups examined. All expenditures were adjusted for inflation or …

Do Household Asset Wealth Measurements Depend On Who Is Surveyed? Asset Reporting Concordance Within Multi-Adult Households In Rural Uganda., Meghan L. Smith, Bernard Kakuhikire, Charles Baguma, Justin D. Rasmussen, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: In resource-limited settings, the Filmer & Pritchett asset index is frequently used to measure household economic status. Little is known about how its validity is affected by differential reporting or recall within households.

Methods: As part of a whole-population survey in a rural region of southwestern Uganda, we elicited household asset information from married dyads (404 men and 404 matched women) residing within the same households. We assessed the extent to which the asset index yielded differing measures of relative household wealth, depending on whether the husband’s or wife’s survey data were used in its calculation. To …

Renal And Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With Cannabis Use In Veterans With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Transitioning To Dialysis, Praveen Kumar Potukuchi

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Background: Legalization of cannabis and its constituents may lead to increased exposure of a higher number of consumers to cannabis use, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We expect increase in cannabis use, especially, in patients with compromised kidney function. However, there is sparse literature on the effects of cannabis use on cardiorenal and mortality outcomes among patients with advanced CKD. Objectives: The main goal of the current study was to examine the effect of cannabis use on renal and cerebrovascular outcomes as well as mortality in patients with advanced CKD. Using a nationwide cohort of US veterans with …

Differential Relationships Between Waist Circumference And Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among People With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Andrew Ortaglia, Samantha M. Mcdonald, Christina Supino, Michael D. Wirth, Xuem Sui, Matteo Bottai

Faculty Publications

Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus tend to exhibit an increased level of central adiposity, augmenting their risk of further non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Importantly, consistent evidence demonstrates a significant, negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and waist circumference (WC). However, no previous studies have investigated differences in these CRF-related reductions in WC between adults with and without diabetes.

This study used data from the Aerobic Center for Longitudinal Studies, conducted between 1970 and 2006 among predominately Non-Hispanic White, middle-to-upper class adults in Texas. Quantile regression models were used to estimate CRF-related differences in WC between persons with and without diabetes. …

A Systematic Review Of Epidemiological Patterns And Proposed Interventions To Address Pediatric Burns In Nigeria, Srikanta Banerjee, Constance Shumba

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Unintentional injuries from burns comprise a significant proportion of public health morbidity in Nigeria. In order to understand the type and impact of burns on youth in Low-and-Middle-Income countries, the epidemiology of burns must be adequately assessed.

Methods: This review describes the epidemiological patterns of burn occurrences in the pediatric populations and pro- poses interventions using the Haddon Matrix to address injuries in specific populations in Nigeria. A literature search was conducted using the Proquest, CINAHL, and PubMed databases at the Johns Hopkins University library (January 1, 1990 to August 14, 2018), on burns or thermal injury …

Status Of Women In Nevada: Health Snapshot (Part 1), Ana Rosas, Aika Dietz, Caryll Batt Dziedziak, Jean Munson

Research Briefs

A breakthrough for women's health and racial health inequity is the passing of Public Health Service Act section 492B and National Institute of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-43) and the implementation by NIH to support full or partially funded clinical research by establishing guidelines to include sex and race of the participant in these studies.

Patient Delay In Breast Cancer Diagnosis In Two Hospitals In Karachi, Pakistan: Preventive And Life-Saving Measures Needed, Uzma Shamsi, Shaista Khan, Syed Iqbal Azam, Shaheryar Usman, Amir Maqbool, Tiffany Gill, Romaina Iqbal, David Callen

Department of Surgery Docs

Purpose: Patients with breast cancer in Pakistan commonly present with advanced disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency and length of delays in seeking medical consultation and to assess the factors associated with them.
Methods: Four hundred ninety-nine patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were enrolled and interviewed over the period from February 2015 to August 2017. Information on sociodemographic factors, delay to medical consultation, stage of breast cancer at presentation, and tumor characteristics of the breast cancer were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical file review.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of patients with …

Biography Of Leann L Birch, Phd, 25 June 1946 – 26 May 2019, Stephani Anzman-Frasca, Kirsten K. Davison, Jennifer O. Fisher, Lori A. Francis, Susan L. Johnson, Justin A. Lavner, Ian M. Paul, Alison K. Ventura, Jennifer S. Savage

Kinesiology and Public Health

On 26 May, 2019, the nutrition community lost a visionary ambassador, trusted advisor, and cherished mentor. Leann Birch was a pioneer in bringing a developmental psychology perspective to the study of children's nutrition as a means to respond to real-world questions raised by parents. Leann Elsie Traub was born in Owosso, Michigan 25 June, 1946. She grew up primarily in Southern California and received a bachelor's degree in psychology from California State University, Long Beach, in 1971. She completed her graduate studies at the University of Michigan where she received a master's degree in 1973 and a doctorate in 1975, …

La Determinación Social De La Enfermedad Renal Crónica De Causas No Tradicionales (Ercnt) En Guatemala / The Social Determination Of Chronic Kidney Disease Of Non-Traditional Causes (Ckdnt) In Guatemala, Alejandro Cerón

Anthropology: Faculty Scholarship

La Enfermedad Renal Crónica de Causas no Tradicionales (ERCnT) ha aumentado en los últimos 20 años, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública importante que se observa principalmente en países de Centroamérica y Asia, afectando especialmente a trabajadores agrícolas jóvenes. La presencia de factores de riesgo relacionados con toxinas, medio ambiente y condiciones laborales sugiere una causa multifactorial, la cual puede que involucre la exposición a agroquímicos, contaminantes ambientales, y episodios repetidos de deshidratación. La comprensión de las condiciones sociales que unen estos factores en grupos específicos de población es fundamental para el desarrollo de programas de salud pública tendientes …