Evaluation Of Safe Sleep Practices Of Cribs For Kids Class Attendees, Halimat Adeshola Olaoluwa

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a major cause of infant mortality, and sleep-related causes of SIDS are a focus of many strategies to combat infant mortality because they are largely preventable. One intervention that combines the distribution of a portable crib and safe sleep education to families that indicate a financial need is the Cribs for Kids program. The purpose of this study was to assess any changes in recommended safe sleep practices by Cribs for Kids attendees before and after the receipt of a portable crib and safe sleep education. Families who met eligibility criteria were enrolled in …

Comorbidities In A Sample Of Adults With Hiv In Puerto Rico: An Exploratory Study., Carlos E. Rodríguez-Díaz, Edda I Santiago-Rodríguez, Gerardo G Jovet-Toledo, Jorge Santana-Bagur, Yemile Ron-Suarez, Juan C Orengo, Felipe Arbelaez, Homero Monsanto

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: Puerto Rico is among the areas with the highest estimated rates of people living with HIV in the United States. Despite the epidemiologic data available, there is limited real-world information that can help understand the comorbidities of people with HIV. In this study, we describe common comorbidities among adults with HIV attending treatment clinics in Puerto Rico.

Methods: An exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at five HIV clinics in Puerto Rico. A random sample of medical records was reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics, morbidity, and clinical characteristics. Multivariate analyses were conducted to explore comorbidities …

News From The Graduate School - Allied Health, Otterbein Office Of Graduate Programs

Graduate School

Newsletter that provides updates from the Graduate School and the Allied Health Graduate Program.

Supporting Mental Wellness In The Public Service Professions, Reilly L. Mcqueston, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Journal of Health Ethics

The nature of the work of public service professionals – understood in the present context as including, but not limited to, police officers, firefighters, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, emergency dispatchers, and telecommunicators – exposes them to great amounts of suffering and trauma. Mental wellness is wavering for many in the field, and progressive, holistic support is needed. Public service professionals receive remarkable amounts of training to meet competencies within their role, but they are not provided with the same level of training to protect and serve themselves. Many factors contribute to decreased mental wellness in public service professionals, including the …

Malaria Care-Seeking Behaviour Among Hiv-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment In South-Eastern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study., Uchechukwu M Chukwuocha, Gregory N Iwuoha, Geoffrey C Nwakwuo, Peter K Egbe, Chidinma D. Ezeihekaibe, Christopher P Ekiyor, Ikechukwu N S Dozie, Sahai Burrowes

This study assesses malaria prevention and treatment behaviour among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. Although Nigeria bears one of the world's largest burdens of both malaria and HIV, there is almost no research studying how co-infected patients manage their care. We systematically sampled 398 PLWHA receiving care at Imo State Specialist Hospital and the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri to complete a structured, pre-tested questionnaire on malaria care-seeking behaviour. Descriptive statistics were reported and chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions were also used. The majority of HIV-infected patients (78.9%) reported having had an episode of …

Depression Among Epileptic Patients And Its Association With Drug Therapy In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Getenet Dessie, Henok Mulugeta, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Fasil Wagnew, Sahai Burrowes

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and the established relationship between depression and epilepsy, the extent of comorbid epilepsy and depression in the region is still poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to address this gap in the literature by determining the pooled prevalence of depression among epileptic patients in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: A systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) conducted from December 2, 2017 …

The Evidence Of Human Exposure To Glyphosate: A Review, C. Gillezeau, M. Van Gerwen, R. M. Shaffer, I. Rana, L. Zhang, L. Sheppard, E. Taioli

Journal Articles

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Despite the growing and widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide and desiccant, very few studies have evaluated the extent and amount of human exposure. Objective: We review documented levels of human exposure among workers in occupational settings and the general population. Methods: We conducted a review of scientific publications on glyphosate levels in humans; 19 studies were identified, of which five investigated occupational exposure to glyphosate, 11 documented the exposure in general populations, and three reported on both. Results: Eight studies reported urinary levels in 423 occupationally and para-occupationally exposed subjects; 14 studies reported …

Transfer Of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated-Rnas Induces Drug Resistance In Alk-Translocated Lung Adenocarcinoma, H. H. Kwok, Z. Ning, P. W. Chong, T. S. Wan, M. H. Ng, G. Y. Ho, M. S. Ip, D. C. Lam

Journal Articles

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is an actionable mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. Nonetheless tumour consists of heterogeneous cell subpopulations with diverse phenotypes and genotypes, and cancer cells can actively release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate the phenotype of other cells in the tumour microenvironment. We hypothesized that EVs derived from a drug-resistant subpopulation of cells could induce drug resistance in recipient cells. We have established ALK-translocated lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and subclones. The subclones have been characterized and the expression of EV-RNAs determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of …

The Perception Of School Food-Service Professionals On The Implementation Of The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act Of 2010: A Mixed-Methods Study, Zainab Rida, Elisha Hall, Saima Hasnin, Jessie Coffey, Dipti Dev

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Objective: To: (i) understand the nutrition attitudes, self-efficacy, knowledge and practices of school food-service personnel (SFP) in Nebraska and (ii) identify potential barriers that schools face in offering healthy school meals that meet the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrition standards.

Design: Convergent parallel mixed-methods study.

Setting: Kindergarten–12th grade schools in Nebraska, USA.

Participants: SFP (260 survey participants; fifteen focus group participants) working at schools that participate in the USDA National School Lunch Program.

Results: Mixed-methods themes identified include: (i) ‘Mixed attitudes towards healthy meals’, which captured a variety of conflicting positive and negative attitudes depending on the situation; (ii) …

Market Claims And Efficacy Information In Direct‐To‐Consumer Prescription Drug Print Advertisements, Kathryn J. Aikin Phd, Kevin R. Betts Phd, Aysha Keisler Phd, Kathryn Schaefer Ziemer Phd

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

This study examined the impact of “New” and “#1 Prescribed” market claims and quantitative efficacy information on perceptions of a hypothetical prescription drug in a direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) print advertisement. We examined two market claims (New and #1 Prescribed), two efficacy levels (higher and lower), and a control condition without this information. Participants with diabetes were randomized to review one ad version and asked their perceptions of the ad's message, the drug's benefits, side effects and risks, doctors' opinions about the drug, and behavioral intention to use the drug, as well as recall and recognition of drug benefits and risks. Results …

Youth Perception Of Harm And Addictiveness Of Tobacco Products: Findings From The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health Study (Wave 1), David R. Strong, Karen Messer, Martha White, Yuyan Shi, Madison Noble, David B. Portnoy, Alexander Persoskie, Annette R. Kaufman, Kelvin Choi, Charles Carusi, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Andrew Hyland, John Pierce

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Purpose: We provide a US national assessment of youth perceptions of the harm and addictiveness of six separate tobacco products, identifying a continuum of perceived harm associated with a range of products in relation to patterns of current use, former use, and susceptibility to use tobacco products.

Methods: We evaluated youth respondents (N=13,651) ages 12–17 from Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Analyses (2015–2016) focused on refining mea- sures of perceived harm for each product and delineating youth characteristics (demographic, tobacco use status) associated with beliefs about the harmfulness and addictiveness of tobacco …

Associations Of Risk Factors Of E-Cigarette And Cigarette Use And Susceptibility To Use Among Baseline Path Study Youth Participants (2013–2014), Michael D. Sawdey, Hannah R. Day, Blair Coleman, Lisa D. Gardner, Sarah E. Johnson, Jean Limpert, Hoda T. Hammad, Macieji L. Goniewicz, David B. Abrams, Cassandra A. Stanton, Jennifer L. Pearson, Annette R. Kaufman, Heather L. Kimmel, Cristine D. Delnevo, Wilson M. Compton, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Raymond S. Niaura, Andrew Hyland, Bridget K. Ambrose

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: Improved understanding of the distribution of traditional risk factors of cigarette smoking among youth who have ever used or are susceptible to e-cigarettes and cigarettes will inform future longitudinal studies examining transitions in use.

Methods: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from youth (ages 12–17 years) who had ever heard of e-cigarettes at baseline of the PATH Study (n = 12,460) to compare the distribution of risk factors for cigarette smoking among seven mutually exclusive groups based on ever cigarette/e-cigarette use and sus- ceptibility status.

Results: Compared to committed never users, youth susceptible to e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or …

Selection And Consumption Of Lunches By National School Lunch Program T Participants, Janet G. Peckham, Jaclyn D. Kropp, Thomas A. Mroz, Vivian Haley-Zitlin, Ellen M. Granberg

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 requires schools participating in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to offer a variety of healthy food options each day. Using digital photography data collected from two suburban elementary schools in the spring of 2013, we examine NSLP participant's selection and consumption of all five NSLP lunch components ((1) milk, (2) vegetable, (3) fruit, (4) meat/meat alternate (MA), and (5) grain). We use logit regressions to analyze the selection of the various lunch components by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and household income level. In addition, ordinary least squares regressions are used to analyze the …

Examining The Role Of Menthol Cigarettes In Progression To Established T Smoking Among Youth, James Nonnemaker, Shari P. Feirman, Anna Macmonegle, Bridget K. Ambrose, Kia J. Jackson, Megan J. Schroeder, Alexandria A. Smith, William Ridgeway, Olga Rass

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Background: Menthol, a flavoring compound added to cigarettes, makes cigarettes more appealing to youth and inexperienced smokers and increases cigarettes' abuse liability. However, limited studies are available on menthol's role in smoking progression.

Methods: To assess the association between menthol in cigarettes and progression to established smoking, we used five waves of data from the Evaluation of Public Education Campaign on Teen Tobacco Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. youth conducted as part of “The Real Cost” evaluation. We used discrete time survival analysis to model the occurrence of two event outcomes—progression to established, current smoking and …

Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, And Lipidomics Profiling In Rat Lung, Blood, And Serum For Assessment Of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks, Nancy Lan Guo, Tuang Yeow Poh, Sandra Pirela, Mariana T. Farcas, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Wai Kin Tham, Sunil S. Adav, Qing Ye, Yongyue Wei, Sipeng Shen, David C. Christiani, Kee Woei Ng, Treye Thomas, Yong Qian, Philip Demokritou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

settings Open AccessArticle

Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Profiling in Rat Lung, Blood, and Serum for Assessment of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks

by Nancy Lan Guo 1,*,Tuang Yeow Poh 2,Sandra Pirela 3,Mariana T. Farcas 4,Sanjay H. Chotirmall 2,Wai Kin Tham 5,Sunil S. Adav 5,Qing Ye 1,Yongyue Wei 6,Sipeng Shen 2,David C. Christiani 2,Kee Woei Ng 3,7,8,Treye Thomas 9,Yong Qian 4 andPhilip Demokritou 3 1 West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA 2 Lee Kong Chian …

Gender Differences In Harmful Use Of Alcohol Among Korean Adults, Eunok Park, Yeon Sook Kim

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objectives: Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with considerable social and economic damage to individuals and society. Because gender and ethnic background influence alcohol intake differently, examining gender specific factors influencing harmful drinking is necessary. This study investigated gender differences in alcohol consumption, harmful drinking, and the associated factors among Korean adults. Methods: We analyzed the data from the 2012–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from survey participants aged 20–64 years (N = 18,581) were included. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test was used for alcohol dependence, and pooled weights were used. Chisquared tests and multiple logistic regression …

Implementing The Summer Food Service Program Within The Healthcare Setting, Laura M. Plencner, Margo Quiriconi, Sarah Sentmore, Molly Krager

Posters

The Summer Food Service Program was established to ensure that children continue to receive adequate nutrition while school is out. This poster describes how the program was implemented in the Children's Mercy Kansas City healthcare system from 2016-2018.

Fake Medical News: The Ethics And Dangers Of Health Product Advertising Disguised As Real News, George A. Gellert

Journal of Health Ethics

Leading national newspapers in the US, challenged financially by the transition from paper to electronic media, are allowing drug and medical product advertisers to format their advertisements to appear like actual, authentic news articles. This news mimicry is intended to deceive consumers, and often makes claims of clinical efficacy and safety that are not evidence based and substantiated. An example of such an advertisement is presented and the clinical implications are considered, including recommendations to public health leadership organizations.

Hippocratic Values In An Era Of Nuclear Asymmetry: Should U.S. Public Health Prepare For Nuclear War With North Korea?, George A. Gellert

Journal of Health Ethics

Objectives: Advancements in North Korean nuclear weapons have heightened tensions and increased risk for nuclear war. U.S. public health agencies are investing resources in nuclear attack preparation. Analyses assess the impact and value of existing protective public health strategies for limited nuclear exchange.

Methods: Projections of fatality/injury from a North Korean nuclear strike within North Asia and explosive impact mapping are used to assess the potential impact of an attack on major U.S. urban centers.

Results: A nuclear strike on the 20 largest U.S. urban centers would place 38.1% of Americans at risk. With 1-3 missiles of 250 kiloton yield …

Reaching Key Populations With Community-Based Hiv Test And Start Services In Lagos And Benue States In Nigeria: Baseline Findings, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Key populations (KPs), such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), and people who inject drugs, remain disproportionately affected by HIV compared to the general population. In Nigeria, HIV prevalence declined among the general population from 2007–18. Among key populations from 2007–14, HIV also decreased among FSWs, but increased among MSM. Evidence-based strategies to sustain the decline among the general population and FSWs, and mitigate the increase among MSM, are needed. Nigeria has adopted the World Health Organization’s “test and start” (TnS) strategy, which recommends initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) by persons living with HIV as …

Meeting The Needs Of Orphans And Other Vulnerable Children: Learnings From Project Soar, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC), including those living with HIV, often have a range of unmet needs, such as education, food security, psychosocial support, and access to health care. Project SOAR is documenting the unique vulnerabilities of OVC and their caregivers, and examining strategies to mitigate the impacts of HIV on them. This brief presents a summary of the SOAR portfolio, including a prospective cohort study of young people living with HIV in Zambia, an evaluation of an HIV risk screening tool among OVC in Tanzania, and a systematic review of promising interventions to support engagement and treatment adherence …

Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice Have Altered Airway Inflammation To Agriculture Organic Dust, Kristi J. Warren, John D. Dickinson, Amy J. Nelson, Todd A. Wyatt, Debra J. Romberger, Jill A. Poole

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

Agriculture exposures are associated with reducing the risk of allergy and asthma in early life; yet, repeated exposures later in life are associated with chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonary diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the airway inflammatory response to organic dust extract (ODE) in mice with established ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental asthma. C57BL/6 mice were either OVA sensitized/aerosol-exposed or saline (Sal) sensitized/aerosol-challenged. Both groups were then subsequently challenged once with intranasal saline or swine confinement ODE to obtain 4 treatment groups of Sal-Sal, Sal-ODE, OVA-Sal, and OVA-ODE. Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine, bronchiolar lavage fluid, lung tissues, …

Consequences Of Pathogen Lists: Why Some Diseases May Continue To Plague Us, David Brett-Major, Trina Racine, Gary P. Kobinger

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The current strategy used by many funding agencies for determining how money is spent on research to help prevent infectious disease outbreaks is based on pathogen-specific priority lists. Listing disease threats provides focus for business and research planning conducive to specific goals of developing a drug, or a vaccine, or other particular product. But, this singular type of focus has consequences. This perspective explores the consequences of lists, and describes how parallel programming independent of disease lists that address what we need to do to prevent and mitigate emerging disease risks may provide benefits out of reach of a singular …

Effect Of Abo Blood Group On Asymptomatic, Uncomplicated And Placental Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Abraham Degarege, Merhawi T. Gebrezgi, Consuelo M. Beck-Sague, Mats Wahlgren, Luiz Carlos De Mattos, Purnima Madhivanan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Malaria clinical outcomes vary by erythrocyte characteristics, including ABO blood group, but the effect of ABO blood group on asymptomatic, uncomplicated and placental Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection remains unclear. We explored effects of ABO blood group on asymptomatic, uncomplicated and placental falciparum infection in the published literature.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Articles in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library published before February 04, 2017 were searched without restriction. Studies were included if they reported P. falciparum infection incidence or prevalence, …

The Impact Of Travel Time On Colorectal Cancer Stage At Diagnosis In A Privately Insured Population, Mesnad Alyabsi, Mary Charlton, Jane L. Meza, K. M. Monirul Islam, Amr Soliman, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Rural residents are less likely to receive screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) than urban residents. However, the mechanisms underlying this disparity, especially among people aged 50-64 years old with private health insurance, are not well understood. We examined the impact of travel time on stage at CRC diagnosis.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Nebraska. Members of this private insurance company aged 50-64 years, diagnosed with CRC during the period 2012-2016, and continuously enrolled in the insurance plan for at least 6 months prior to CRC diagnosis, were selected for …

Vaccination Coverage And Awareness Of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Students At A University In Cyprus, Zoe Roupa, Maria Noula, Evi A. Farazi, Antonis Stylianides, Christos Papaneophytou

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Introduction: The risk for healthcare students to get infected by transmitting infectious viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), in a hospital setting is extremely high through exposure to blood and/or body secretions.

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate both the vaccination history of healthcare students at a University in Cyprus and their serologic immunity against HBV. In addition, we assessed their knowledge and behaviors towards the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B (HB).

Results: Total amount of 168 students participated in this study and more than 50% of them provided complete documentation of vaccination history against HBV. …

Awareness Of Human Papilloma Virus And Cervical Cancer Prevention Among Cypriot Female Healthcare Workers, Andria Christodoulou, Jirayr Ajzajian, Dejun Su, Hongmei Wang, Zoe Roupa, Evi A. Farazi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Background: Cervical cancer incidence varies around the world with the highest rates in Eastern Africa and the lowest rates in Western Asia. In Cyprus, a small Mediterranean island, cervical cancer incidence was 6.4 per 100,000 in 2013. HPV is an established risk factor for cervical cancer with HPV-16 and HPV-18 being the most common carcinogenic strains. Cervical cancer is preventable through primary (HPV vaccination) and secondary (Pap and HPV tests) prevention. These prevention methods should be promoted, however, in order to design a cancer prevention programme and the awareness and characteristics of populations should be investigated so that prevention programmes …

Public Health And Personal Choice: The Ethics Of Vaccine Mandates And Parental Refusal In The United States, Rebecca Horan, Jonelle Depetro

2019 Awards for Excellence in Student Research and Creative Activity – Documents

In January 2019 The World Health Organization (WHO) released its list Ten threats to global health in 2019. For the first time ever, vaccine hesitancy, “the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccine services” is officially on the list.1 Although great progress has been made in reducing or eradicating various diseases such as polio, measles, and whooping cough (pertussis), the number of parents refusing vaccination for their children is growing rapidly in what is now often referred to as the “anti-vaccination movement” ( or “anti-vax movement”). This is causing a threat to public health as …

U.S. Adult Perceptions Of The Harmfulness Of Tobacco Products: Descriptive T Findings From The 2013–14 Baseline Wave 1 Of The Path Study, Geoffrey T. Fong, Tara Elton-Marshall, Pete Driezen, Annette R. Kaufman, K. Michael Cummings, Kelvin Choi, Jonathan Kwan, Amber Koblitz, Andrew Hyland, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Charles Carusi, Mary E. Thompson

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: This study is the first nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (18+) to examine perceptions of the relative harms of eight non-cigarette tobacco products.

Methods: Data are from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Adult Questionnaire, a nationally representative study of 32,320 adults in the United States conducted from September 2013 to December 2014.

Results: 40.7% of adults believed that electronic cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, and 17.8% of adults believed that hookah was less harmful than cigarettes. Those less knowledgeable about the health risks of smoking were more likely to believe …

Smoking Tobacco Prevalence Among College Students In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Saad A. Alotaibi, Mohammed A. Alsuliman, Praveen K. Durgampudi

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION:

During the last two decades, several studies have been published regarding the prevalence of tobacco smoking among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis is intended to determine and examine the smoking prevalence in Saudi college students from 2010-2018.

METHODS:

PubMed, Science Direct, APA PsycNET, Web of Science, and CINAHL were used to search for published articles reporting the smoking prevalence among Saudi college students. After eliminating irrelevant articles, investigators independently assessed the quality of each article, based on Russell & Gregory guidelines. MetaXL software was used to calculate the pooled prevalence …