Public Health Commons^™

Findings From Post-Intervention Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia In Cross River State, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku

Reproductive Health

Maternal and newborn deaths due to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) are preventable, yet in Nigeria this is the most significant direct cause of maternal mortality. Following a landscape analysis to better understand the enormity of this problem across seven states in Nigeria, a cross-cutting intervention was implemented in Cross River, Ebonyi, and Kogi states. Researchers worked with primary healthcare (PHC) providers, policymakers, women’s groups, and community members to increase uptake of underutilized interventions and commodities for the prevention and treatment of PE/E in rural Nigeria. This brief presents study findings from Cross River State on post-intervention landscape changes in: programmatic …

Findings From Post-Intervention Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia In Ebonyi State, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku

Reproductive Health

Maternal and newborn deaths due to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) are preventable, yet in Nigeria this is the most significant direct cause of maternal mortality. Following a landscape analysis to better understand the enormity of this problem across seven states in Nigeria, a cross-cutting intervention was implemented in Cross River, Ebonyi, and Kogi states. Researchers worked with primary healthcare (PHC) providers, policymakers, women’s groups, and community members to increase uptake of underutilized interventions and commodities for the prevention and treatment of PE/E in rural Nigeria. This brief presents study findings from Ebonyi State on post-intervention landscape changes in: programmatic and …

Findings From Post-Intervention Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia In Kogi State, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku

Reproductive Health

Maternal and newborn deaths due to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) are preventable, yet in Nigeria this is the most significant direct cause of maternal mortality. Following a landscape analysis to better understand the enormity of this problem across seven states in Nigeria, a cross-cutting intervention was implemented in Cross River, Ebonyi, and Kogi states. Researchers worked with primary healthcare (PHC) providers, policymakers, women’s groups, and community members to increase uptake of underutilized interventions and commodities for the prevention and treatment of PE/E in rural Nigeria. This brief presents study findings from Kogi state on post-intervention landscape changes in: programmatic and …

Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Sudan: Shift In Types And Providers, Nafisa Bedri, Huda Sherfi, Ghada Rudwan, Sara Elhadi, Wafa Elamin

Reproductive Health

This study by the Population Council and the Gender and Reproductive Health and Rights Resource and Advocacy Center aimed to inform the development of future interventions by generating evidence on the drivers of the shifts in the practice of female genital cutting/mutilation (FGM/C) in Sudan. Researchers conducted a community-based cross-sectional, comparative, mixed-methods study that examined shifts in the type of cut, its level and significance, as well as the supply and demand factors associated with medicalization. They also explored interventions and alternative approaches that may prevent medicalization and the sustenance of the practice of FGM/C, including re-infibulation. The study finds …

Reducing Barriers To Accessing Fistula Repair: Implementation Research In Ebonyi, Pooja Sripad, Emmanuel Nwala, Vandana Tripathi

Reproductive Health

Female genital fistula is preventable and surgically treatable, but women who lack access to quality health care often live with fistula for many years. For every 1,000 births, an estimated 2.11 women develop fistula in Nigeria and despite the establishment of internationally accredited national fistula centers across the country, the majority of women live with unrepaired fistula. The Population Council, in collaboration with EngenderHealth and the Fistula Care Plus project, conducted implementation research to understand whether a comprehensive information, screening, and referral intervention reduces transportation, communication, and financial barriers to accessing preventive care, detection, and treatment of fistula in Ebonyi …

Reducing Barriers To Accessing Fistula Repair: Implementation Research In Katsina, Pooja Sripad, Emmanuel Nwala, Vandana Tripathi

Reproductive Health

Female genital fistula is preventable and surgically treatable, but women who lack access to quality health care often live with fistula for many years. For every 1,000 births, an estimated 2.11 women develop fistula in Nigeria and despite the establishment of internationally accredited national fistula centers across the country, the majority of women live with unrepaired fistula. The Population Council, in collaboration with EngenderHealth and the Fistula Care Plus project, conducted implementation research to understand whether a comprehensive information, screening, and referral intervention reduces transportation, communication, and financial barriers to accessing preventive care, detection, and treatment of fistula in Katsina …

Shifts In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: Perspectives Of Families And Health Care Providers, Samuel Kimani, Caroline W. Kabiru

Reproductive Health

Despite compelling reasons and efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya, the practice has persisted, albeit with some changes. This study sought to understand the shifts in FGM/C among families and healthcare providers from selected Kenyan communities that practice FGM/C. Our findings highlight similarities and differences across three distinct Kenyan communities. FGM/C appears to persist through two models: first, shifts (changes) in the practice, notably cutting at a younger age, lesser cutting; and second, through stability and consistency with minimal change. The two diverse models appear to rely on and sustain social norms that support FGM/C in these …

Strengthening The Integration Of Family Planning And Hiv Services At The Community Level In Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Sara Chace Dwyer, Brian Mdawida, Charlotte E. Warren, Melsa Lutomia, Jane Koech, Elizabeth Washika, Aparna Jain

Reproductive Health

Study findings reveal that many Kenyan women living with HIV are comfortable receiving family planning (FP) services from community health volunteers and with proper training and support, community health volunteers have the potential to provide integrated FP/HIV services. Community-based integrated FP/HIV services could help connect women living with HIV who want to prevent or postpone a pregnancy to contraceptive services, which can reduce unintended pregnancies and in turn maternal mortality and vertical transmission of HIV. This implementation research study offers evidence of the feasibility, quality of care, and acceptability of using community health volunteers to integrate family planning into HIV/AIDS …

The Perspectives Of Men In Mexico City About Vasectomy, Isabel Vieitez Martínez, Adriana Ramos

Reproductive Health

As part of World Vasectomy Day, the Population Council Mexico conducted an exploratory study about the reasons and concerns that led men to seek a no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) during the 24-hour “Vasectomy-athon” in Mexico City in 2017. This study was intended as the first part of a longer cohort study that would follow up with the men, and their partners, to learn about their experiences with the procedure and its effects, if any, on their relationships. Based on the findings, the report recommends that the Mexican Ministry of Health (SSA) continue integrating NSV information, counseling, and services within the National …

The Perspectives Of Men In Mexico City About Vasectomy—Brief, Isabel Vieitez Martínez, Adriana Ramos

Reproductive Health

On November 17, 2017, Mexico City took part in the global World Vasectomy Day campaign promoting men’s participation in family planning, especially through no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). During the event the Population Council Mexico conducted an exploratory study to better understand the reasons men chose NSV, as well as their concerns before and after the procedure. The study found that the principal reason for seeking NSV among men surveyed was their achievement of a desired family size, for themselves and their partners. The study further reveals the need to disseminate information through mass media, social networks, and all levels of the …

The Rationale And Relevance Of Existing Cadres Of Frontline Health Workers And Potential For New Mid-Level Cadres, Oladimeji Oladepo, Ekechi Okereke, Akinwumi Akinola

Reproductive Health

Front-line health workers (FLHWs) are expected to perform necessary maternal, newborn, and child (MNCH) services appropriately and effectively; however, few studies have investigated the extent to which FLHWs perform requisite primary health care (PHC) services. This study seeks to better understand not only FLHWs’ knowledge and performance of MNCH services, but the factors promoting and inhibiting their services in selected rural local government areas of Nigeria’s Bauchi and Cross River states. It also investigates the potential for a new PHC worker cadre, soliciting stakeholders’ perceptions about its feasibility for addressing maternal and newborn disease burdens in rural communities. The study’s …

Tracing Change In Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Shifting Norms And Practices Among Communities In Narok And Kisii Counties, Kenya, Dennis Matanda, Chantalle Okondo, Caroline W. Kabiru, Bettina Shell-Duncan

Reproductive Health

In Kenya, there has been a steady and marked decline in the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) but there is great variance in the prevalence of FGM/C across the country, with prevalence remaining high among certain ethnic groups such as Somali, Samburu, Kisii, and the Maasai. The objectives of this study were: 1) to explore whether and how unprogrammed factors or programmed FGM/C interventions (alternative rites of passage, legal and policy measures, religious-oriented approaches, promotion of girls’ education, intergenerational dialogues, use of rescue centers, and other undocumented approaches) influence community values deliberation in Narok and Kisii counties; 2) to …

Trends In Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What Do The Data Reveal?, Bettina Shell-Duncan, Carolyne Njue, Zhuzhi Moore

Reproductive Health

Despite the emergence of international consensus that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a violation of human rights, a focus on medicalization remains salient because of concerns that FGM/C is increasingly being performed by healthcare professionals and may be impeding progress toward abandonment of FGM/C. To investigate these claims, this study draws on nationally representative survey data from 26 countries, and addresses the following three questions: 1) What are the major patterns and trends in medicalisation? 2) Is there an association between medicalization and rates of change in prevalence of FGM/C? and 3) Is there an association between medicalization and support …

Understanding Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Fgm/C): A Qualitative Study Of Parents And Health Workers In Nigeria, Otibho Obianwu, Adetayo Adetunji, Osasuyi Dirisu

Reproductive Health

This community-based, cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in four communities in Nigeria’s Delta, and was conceptualized to address gaps in our understanding of medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and to provide critical evidence needed to effectively design abandonment interventions. The study findings reveal that the social norms driving FGM/C practice remain entrenched despite a shift to medicalization. They also reflect the tendency of parents and health workers to view FGM/C, whether traditional or medicalized, as a minor procedure with few complications and significant benefits that would positively impact a daughter’s future status as a wife and mother. Findings reveal …

Understanding The Key Elements For Designing And Implementing Social Marketing Campaigns To Inform The Development Of Creative Approaches For Fgm/C Abandonment In Sudan, Widad Ali A/Rahman, Samia Al Nagar, Randa H. Gindeel, Arwa Salah

Reproductive Health

Social marketing campaigns (SMCs) have gained prominence in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) abandonment efforts, but there is a dearth of information on how these programs are designed and implemented, and their perceived impact. Understanding the implementation process and the effectiveness of these campaigns is critical for drawing lessons to improve existing programs and inform the design and scale up of SMCs in other regions/countries. This mixed-method study sought to address this gap by assessing the design and implementation of existing SMC programs in Sudan. While the study findings demonstrate several strengths of existing programs, including strong partnerships and extensive needs …

A Needs Assessment For Simulation-Based Training Of Emergency Medical Providers In Nebraska, Usa, Nizar K. Wehbi, Rajvi Wani, Yangyuna Yang, Fernando A. Wilson, Sharon J. Medcalf, Brian Monaghan, Jennifer Adams, Paul Paulman

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Background: Training emergency medical services (EMS) workforce is challenging in rural and remote settings. Moreover, critical access hospitals (CAHs) struggle to ensure continuing medical education for their emergency department (ED) staff. This project collected information from EMS and ED providers across Nebraska to identify gaps in their skills, knowledge, and abilities and thus inform curriculum development for the mobile simulation-based training program.

Methods: The needs assessment used a three-step process: (1) four facilitated focus group sessions were conducted in distinct geographical locations across Nebraska to identify participants' perceived training gaps; (2) based on the findings from the focus group, a …

Preventing Chemical Risks Of Pesticide Use Among Québec Apple Growers: Status Report And Measure To Improve Personal Protection, Ludovic Tuduri, Danièle Champoux, Caroline Jolly, Jonathan Côté, Michèle Bouchard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Au Québec, on dénombrait près de 29 000 exploitations qui procuraient 125 000 emplois à des travailleurs du secteur de la production agricole (2007). Alors que les pesticides ont pour fonction de lutter contre les parasites des cultures, ils peuvent avoir des effets, à court et long termes, sur la santé des producteurs qui y sont exposés, majoritairement par la peau. Leur utilisation est donc encadrée et des mesures de prévention du risque sont proposées, au nombre desquelles les équipements de protection individuelle (ÉPI) jouent un rôle essentiel. Dans un contexte de quasi-absence de données sur les maladies et lésions …

Motivators Impacting Employment After Disability Due To Injury Or Chronic Illness, Damion B. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Unemployment caused by the need to treat and recover from a disability due to injury or chronic illness is a common phenomenon. Research illustrates that absence from work damages organizational growth, employers, and employees. Employees often experience problems with their mental and physical health that affect their social identity and function. In the context of the recognized value of employment for human health and well being, policy-makers have implemented various programs and approaches to encourage re-employment of those unemployed due to required treatment and rehabilitation. Many of the approaches are driven by financial incentives to encourage individuals to rejoin the …

Speech Recognition Technology: Improving Speed And Accuracy Of Emergency Medical Services Documentation To Protect Patients, Tan T. Tran

Undergraduate Research Posters

Because hospital errors, such as mistakes in documentation, cause one sixth of the deaths each year in the United States, the accuracy of health records in the emergency medical services (EMS) must be improved. One possible solution is to incorporate speech recognition (SR) software into current tools used by EMS first responders. The purpose of this research was to determine if SR software could increase the efficiency and accuracy of EMS documentation to improve the safety for patients of EMS. An initial review of the literature on the performance of current SR software demonstrated that this software was not 99% …

Increasing Colorectal Cancer (Crc) Screening In Michigan, Sharde' Burton Mph

Michigan Journal of Public Health

These "Notes from the Field" serve as a report on the early detection priority of the Michigan Cancer Consortium (MCC). This article describes the colorectal cancer work-group's priorities and the results of collaborative efforts to address them.

Range Expansion Of Tick Disease Vectors In North America: Implications For Spread Of Tick-Borne Disease, Daniel E. Sonenshine

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Ticks are the major vectors of most disease-causing agents to humans, companion animals and wildlife. Moreover, ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic agents than any other blood-feeding arthropod. Ticks have been expanding their geographic ranges in recent decades largely due to climate change. Furthermore, tick populations in many areas of their past and even newly established localities have increased in abundance. These dynamic changes present new and increasing severe public health threats to humans, livestock and companion animals in areas where they were previously unknown or were considered to be of minor importance. Here in this review, the geographic …

Introduction Of Innovative Medical Practices In Mayo Clinic: Effect Of The Interventions On Patient Outcomes, Duaa I. Aljabri

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Assessment of health technologies in medical practice is an ongoing process to provide clinicians and policymakers with information on the value of those applications. This dissertation aims to add to the existing body of literature and fill the gaps in prior studies by assessing two health technologies in Mayo Clinic Florida (MCF). The first paper provides an assessment of patient portal adoption and activity during hospitalization among cancer patients, and determines whether a portal application is associated with selected indices of patient safety, utilization and satisfaction. The second paper provides an assessment of a new approach in pain …

How Do Health System Employees With Established Musculoskeletal Complaints Decide On Their Treatment Pathway? A Qualitative Approach, Noor Alshareef

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Non-pharmacologic treatment such as physical therapy (PT) are advocated for musculoskeletal pain for decreasing opioid use. Early access to PT has been shown to decrease costs and improve outcomes through direct access via self-referral. Although self-referral to PT is permitted in the majority of U.S states, health insurance coverage has been identified as a barrier preventing some patients with musculoskeletal complaints from using it. There are few studies examining patient factors related to early access to physical therapy via self-referral. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors outside of insurance that influence the choice to access …

Interpersonal Communication About Cigarette Warning Labels Among U.S. Smokers: Differences Between Latinos And Whites, Victoria Catherine Lambert

Theses and Dissertations

Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs are used worldwide to curb cigarette smoking, the leading preventable cause of death in the United States While individual-level mediators of HWLs’ effects on cessation have been thoroughly studied, interpersonal communication about HWLs has received less attention in HWL research. However, results from one study demonstrated the importance of interpersonal communication, finding that conversations about HWLs predicted quit attempts in Australia, Canada, and Mexico. That study also found that smokers in Mexico, where most smokers are Latino, reported more conversations than smokers in Australia and Canada, where most smokers are non-Latino White. …

The Effects Of Descending Resistance Sets Compared To Constant Resistance Sets On The Volume Completed During A High Intensity Free Weight Back Squat Exercise, Jason E. Meyer

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Improving anabolic hormone production is an important training adaptation in resistance training; however, no previous research has developed optimized descending resistance sets to increase training volume. The purpose of this research was to compare two different loading protocols of constant resistance sets (CRS) and descending resistance sets (DRS) on the free weight back squat. Eleven resistance trained male participants (mean ± SD, age = 22 ± 3 yr, and back squat 1RM ratio (1RM/body weight) = 1.65 ± 0.2) completed 4 experimental sessions over 2 weeks, during which 4 sets of the back squat were performed with 85% 1RM and …

Precision Of Provider Licensure Data For Mapping Member Accessibility To Medicaid Managed Care Provider Networks., Nathaniel Bell, Ana Lopez-De Fede, Rebecca C. Wilkerson, Kathy Mayfield-Smith

Publications

Background: In July 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) updated its Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) regulations that govern network and access standards for enrollees. There have been few published studies of whether there is accurate geographic information on primary care providers to monitor network adequacy. Methods: We analyzed a sample of nurse practitioner (NP) and physician address data registered in the state labor, licensing, and regulation (LLR) boards and the National Provider Index (NPI) using employment location data contained in the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) data file. Our main outcome measures were address discordance (%) at the …

Gender And Sexuality Portfolio Post One: An Introduction To The Special Interest Topic Of Motherhood, Valeria Denise Melo

Audre Lorde Prize

This short essay explores the intersection between the gender binary system that exists in our society and the social institution of motherhood. It offers a short reflection on how an unwarranted, yet internalized sense of binary gender ideals has played out in my life, followed by a brief summary of existing research examining the effects of the binary ideologies and cultural contradictions revolving motherhood. It is the first of a series of portfolio posts which aim to expose the nuances in the lived experience of idealized motherhood.

Farmers Market Education With Supplemental Voucher Improves Farmers Market Awareness In Elementary Children, Ali Papendick

All Master's Theses

Purpose:The purpose of this pilot intervention study was to provide farmers market (FM) education coupled with FM voucher to assess FM awareness, attendance, and voucher use. Methods:Kindergarten through 3^rdgrade students attending a summer school program participated in this three-week FM pilot intervention study. A pre/post intervention questionnaire was distributed to students to assess FM awareness and attendance. In addition, an $8 FM voucher was provided to children for purchases of fruit and vegetables at the local FM. The voucher was valid for two weeks and fruit and vegetable purchases were recorded each week. Results:This study …

An Ayurveda Approach In Treating Pilonidal Abscess - A Case Report, Shripathi Adiga Dr, Krishna Malagi Dr, Rohit Ajith Gokarn Dr, Kamath Madhusudana Dr

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Pilonidal disease is hair-filled abscess commonly seen in young age. Surgical management remains the best choice of treatment and the condition often reoccurs due to the failure in identifying and draining all the sinuses or residual hair. The current study subject reported to the department with pain and swelling in the lower back region for the past three months. The Ayurvedic management followed in current case was to drain all the sinuses and residual hair followed by Vranopachar (wound healing). Ayurvedic treatment of abscess drainage followed by wound cleaning with Triphala Kashaya and application of Jatyadi Ghruta with internal medication …

Retrospective Cohort Study: Clinical Presentation And Outcomes Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia At Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Alfred Osoti, Pooja Sripad, George Odwe, Omondi Ogutu, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

Pre-eclampsia has two distinct subtypes: early onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs before 34 weeks of gestation, and late onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs after 34 weeks. Few studies examine and compare early and late onset pre-eclampsia in a low- and middle-income country setting. This study’s goal was to establish a profile of patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, over a two-year period. At Kenya’s national referral hospital, clinical presentation at admission was examined, as was management of complications, along with maternal and newborn health outcomes in the hospital’s maternity unit, to ascertain any differences in health outcomes for …