Public Health Commons^™

South Africa: Combatting The Rise Of Hiv In Adolescents, Ryan Northrup

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience in South Africa in 2017, focused on educating teenagers in schools about sexual health and AIDS prevention.

Assessment Of The Use Of Overdose Education And Naloxone Distribution By Maine Buprenorphine/Naloxone Prescribers, Stephen Kirsch

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

Background: Overdose deaths, specifically related to opioids, have been identified as a public health problem both nationally and in the state of Maine. Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) is an innovative model of patient education that has been shown to be effective in increasing knowledge of overdose risk and has the potential to help reduce opiate related overdose deaths.

Methods: A 28-item web-based survey examining clinician attitudes, OEND practices and characteristics was distributed to 196 Maine based physicians with a Drug Enforcement Agency waiver to prescribe burprenorphine/naloxone. Facilitators and barriers to the provision of OEND were also assessed. Surveys …

Development Of Health Education Materials To Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections Among University Of Southern Maine Students, Lily Parenteau

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The purpose of this project was to develop health education materials that can be used to educate college students about the risks, symptoms, and prevention measures associated with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections, as well as provide information about current disease information in the state of Maine.

Urine Cotinine In Children And Parental Behavior Modification: A Pilot Study, Teresa Lachance

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

“Urine Cotinine in Children and Parental Behavior Modification” was designed by Dr. Deirdre Burns, a pediatrician at the Barbara Bush Children’s Hospital (BBCH). It was implemented as a pilot study to determine whether urine cotinine testing in children who are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness and tracking parental smoking behaviors over time was feasible. Parents were given a brief survey to assess their current smoking behaviors and to understand their readiness to quit smoking. They received smoking cessation materials provided by the Breathe Easy Coalition of Maine. These materials outline information about second-hand and third-hand smoke, and encourage …

A Secondary Analysis In Support Of The Community Health Needs Assessment For Oasis Free Clinics, Jillian Wheeler

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

Oasis Free Clinics offer free medical and dental services to uninsured, low income adults living in Sagadahoc County, Maine (with the exception of the town of Richmond) and the towns of Brunswick, Freeport, and Harpswell in Cumberland County and Durham in Androscoggin County. Oasis has filled a critical need in providing affordable health care to the working poor with the absence of Medicaid expansion in the state of Maine. The clinic offers wellness checks, women's wellness, prenatal care, chronic disease management, limited mental health counseling, a prescription assistance program and dental care.

Oasis Free Clinics will conduct a Community Health …

Factors Associated Hypertension Among Pregnant Women In Dili Municipality Timor Leste, Estela Laot Perpetua Ana Mery

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Purpose: Hypertension in pregnancy is one main cause of maternal morbidity among pregnant women worldwide and is also a significant public health concern. This study aimed to find factors associated with hypertension among pregnant women in Dili municipality of Timor Leste. Design/Methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 pregnant women at the Five Community Health Centre in Dili municipality, Timor Leste between April and May 2018. Face to face interview was conducted. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis logistic regression were performed by SPSS version 22.0 were used to analyze the data. Findings: The prevalence of hypertension among …

Prevalence Of Salmonella Spp. Contamination In Hen Egg And Relationship Among Sociodemographic Knowledge And Behavior Of The Egg Consumer In Bangkok Thailand, Pollawat Sriruengsuk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Hen egg is the main of protien source in food ingredient and frequently contaminated by Salmonella spp. This research was aimed to study about the prevalence of Salmonella in egg sold in Sukhumvit area and the relationship between socio-demographic knowledge and behavior of the egg consumer in Bangkok, Thailand. This study was collected the egg samples of each grade such as Ordinary, Salmonella free and Chemical free grades that being sold in fresh market or supermarket in Sukhumvit area. Then all samples were isolated to detect Salmonella spp. according ISO6579 method. For the second part to find the relationship between …

Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Regarding Malaria Prevention Towards Internal Migrant Population In Kawthoung Township, Kawthoung District, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar: A Cross Sectional Study, Sa Aung Hein

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Since malaria is preventable disease, early diagnosis and effective treatment of malaria is necessary for optimal outcome. For people living in high transmission of malaria areas such as in Kawthoung Township, it is crucial for them to have good knowledge, attitude and practice toward malaria prevention. This study was aimed to assess and describe the socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria prevention in internal migrant people, Kawthoung Township, Kawthoung District, Myanmar. Research design was cross-sectional study which Three hundred and sixteen respondents who age range from 18 to 65 years old were interviewed face to face with structure …

Disparities In Breast Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: Importance Of Race, Poverty, And Age, Faustine Williams, Emmanuel Thompson

ETSU Faculty Works

This study investigated the association of race, age, and census tract area poverty level on breast cancer stage at diagnosis. The study was limited to women residing in Missouri, aged 18 years and older, diagnosed with breast cancer, and whose cases were reported to the Cancer Registry between 2003 and 2008. The risk, relative risk, and increased risk of late-stage at diagnosis by race, age, and census tract area poverty level were computed. We found that the odds of late-stage breast cancer among African-American women were higher when compared with their white counterpart (OR 1.433; 95% CI, 1.316, 1.560). In …

Ethnic Differences In Risk Factors For Obesity Among Adults In California, The United States, Liang Wang, Jodi L. Southerland, Kesheng Wang, Beth A. Bailey, Arsham Alamian, Marc A. Stevens, Youfa Want

ETSU Faculty Works

Little attention has been given to differences in obesity risk factors by racial/ethnic groups. Using data from the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey, we examined differences in risk factors for obesity among Whites, Latinos, Asians, and African Americans among 42,935 adults (24.8% obese). Estimates were weighted to ensure an unbiased representation of the Californian population. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the differences in risk factors for obesity. Large ethnic disparities were found in obesity prevalence: Whites (22.0%), Latinos (33.6%), African Americans (36.1%), and Asians (9.8%). Differences in risk factors for obesity were also observed: Whites …

Real-Time Diesel Particulate Matter Monitoring In Underground Mine Atmospheres, Association With The Standard Method And Related Challenges, Muhammad Usman Khan

Doctoral Dissertations

"Diesel-powered equipment is a significant component of underground mining operations. Miners' exposure to diesel exhaust is harmful. The standard Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) monitoring method (NIOSH 5040 method) has limitations that preclude rapid DPM estimation and detailed understanding of DPM variations over time. However, real-time DPM monitors do not inherit these limitations. Biodiesel is often used as a substitute for regular petroleum-diesel because of its ability to emit less DPM. However, accuracy of available real-time DPM monitors has not been determined in mines using 70% to 99% (high-percent) biodiesel. The present research addresses this need by rigorous testing of a …

Editorial: Depression, Burnout, And Other Mood Disorders: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Eric Laurent, Bianchi Renzo, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Pierre Vandel

Publications and Research

Various perspectives on mood disorders and psychopathology are brought into perspective. The paper underlines (i) an interdisciplinary perspective and a complexity-oriented approach and (ii) an interest in both basic problems in science and potential far-reaching consequences of research applications.

Predictors Of Modern Contraceptive Usage Among Women In Rural Pakistan: Physical Access To Services Stills A Major Barrier, Sumera Aziz Ali, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Background: The predictors of contraceptive use may vary in urban and rural areas. Studies have largely focused on the factors predicting contraceptive usage in urban areas. We studied the predictors of contraceptives in one of the rural districts of Pakistan.
Methods: A nested case-control design was used on The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) in district Thatta Pakistan between June 2011 to July 2012. Pregnant women before their index pregnancy, who did not use (n = 200 cases) and those used any modern contraceptive method (n = 600 controls), were compared. Logistic regression was used to as certain …

Barriers Or Gaps In Implementation Of Misoprostol Use For Post-Abortion Care And Post-Partum Hemorrhage Prevention In Developing Countries: A Systematic Review, Amirali Samnani, Narjis Rizvi, Tazeen Ali, Farina Abrejo

Community Health Sciences

Background: Around 303,000 maternal deaths occur every year; most of these are preventable (World Health Organization), ICD-10: International classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Volume 2: Instruction manual, 2010). Ninety-nine percent of these maternal deaths occur in developing countries. PPH contributed 35 % (35%) of total maternal. Several interventions being done to reduce the number of maternal deaths. It has been noted that a simple low cost intervention of providing misoprostol timely could prevent these deaths.
Objectives: The objectives of this systematic review was to identify barriers/gaps in the implementation of misoprostol use for prevention of …

Preparing For Florida’S Older Adult Population Growth With User-Friendly Demographic Maps, Kathryn Hyer, George Macdonald, Kathy Black, Adrian N.S. Badana, Scott Patrick Murphy, William E. Haley

Florida Public Health Review

The older adult population of the United States is growing rapidly. For 40 years Florida has remained the state with the highest percentage of older adults and has experienced robust growth. It may be a model for other states that will witness an increase in their own older adult populations. This article provides links to publicly available, free interactive Web-based maps developed by the University of South Florida displaying colorful maps depicting projected older adult population growth in Florida from 2010 to 2040 at the county level, stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity, and with options for focusing on 65+ …

Medical Residency And Mph Program All In One: The Challenge Of Being A Student And Having A Life Outside Of School, Odilichi U. Ezenwanne

Florida Public Health Review

This essay presents a cautious but optimistic view of finding life balance while enmeshed in the challenging role of being a medical resident, a graduate student in a Master of Public Health program, and having a productive family and social life. His reflection reveals strategies for successful adjustment to new life dimensions.

The Emerging Role Of Hiv Peer Navigators As Associate Medical Case Managers In Northeast Florida, Graham F. Watts Sr

Florida Public Health Review

What is the role of policy in improving the system of care for people living with HIV/AIDS, (PLWHAs)? This policy brief describes an innovation in medical case management within the Jacksonville Transitional Grant Area. Emphases center on how the innovation originated, why the innovation matters, the participants’ involved, outcomes, and the potential impact of the innovation on jurisdictional HIV health services.

Co-Constructing Food Access Issues: Older Adults In A Rural Food Environment In West Virginia Develop A Photonarrative, Lauri Andress, Sunah Hallie

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This photovoice study examined the hypothesis that photos and narratives produced by older adults would facilitate the co-construction of a shared narrative about the food access issues in a rural county in West Virginia. For older adults, living in rural areas, several factors decrease access to healthy, nutritious food relative to the general population of older adults. Methods: Qualitative data from interviews, written narratives, dialogues, and photos from older adults living in a rural county of West Virginia. Was collected. Using directed content analysis, transcripts of written data were broken down into meaningful quote segments. All written data and …

Forgetting Health Disparities: A One Size Fits All Narrative, Lauri Andress

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This qualitative synthesis explores a public health narrative and events in the US that may have contributed to the prominence of a one-size-fits all communications frame and public health tool that excludes the significance of social status. An analysis of past events is used to carry out a textual analysis of two communications framing studies. One central narrative is found to be more effective than other potential themes on equality, social conditions, and health inequities. The potential impacts of this narrative on disadvantaged, older communities are explored. Consequently, the current claim that the built-environment narrative is “good for everyone” is …

Exercise And Cancer-Related Fatigue In Adults: A Systematic Review Of Previous Systematic Reviews With Meta-Analyses, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Conduct a systematic review of previous systematic reviews with meta-analysis to determine the effects of exercise (aerobic, strength or both) on cancer-related-fatigue (CRF) in adults with any type of cancer.

Methods

Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of previous randomized controlled trials published through July of 2016 were included by searching six electronic databases and cross-referencing. Dual-selection and data abstraction were conducted. Methodological quality was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) instrument. Standardized mean differences (SMD) that were pooled using random-effects models were included as the effect size. In addition, 95% prediction intervals (PI), number needed-to-treat (NNT) and …

Instilling Positive Beliefs About Organ Donation: An Information Processing Approach, Gerardo Jose Moreira

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The number of those seeking a kidney donation in the United States continues to increase while the number of donors is not growing at the same rate (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services USDHHS, 2010). The lack of donations is more prevalent in low health literate communities which suffer from misinformation and ultimately negative beliefs toward organ donation. Thus, it is important to understand how marketing efforts can effectively change individuals' beliefs about organ donation.

Drawing on the Self-Determination Theory and Schema Theory, I proposed that the effectiveness of health education programs, which is to motivate individuals to be …

Risk Register And Risk Intelligence: The Challenge Of Operational Risks In The Energy Sector, Maria Chiara Leva, B. Mcaleer, M. Rocke, D. Brogan

Conference papers

This paper presents the needs and the challenges encountered in developing a company-wide risk register in the energy sector. The study presented comes from an electricity generation company and it was useful to indicate areas where the concept of risk registers could be extended to make better use of existing data and to support continuous improvement of risk management. Six key areas are discussed 1) aggregation of risks across the business, 2) supporting controls over mitigation measures, 3) improved estimation of event likelihood, 4) integrating with critical asset registers, 5) improving risk communication, and 6) linking with day-to-day operational practice. …

Educational Intervention For Engaging Adolescents And Their Parents In Hpv Vaccination, Alvin Mena Cantero

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, 79 million people are currently infected with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and it is estimated that an additional 14 to 20 million people will be infected with HPV every year. Infection with HPV increased to 52.7 % of preventable infections within the United States in 2012, and 39.6% of the infected population are adolescents engaged in sexual activities. The practice-focused question that this project addressed was: To what extent can an educational program influence the HPV vaccination rate in a small family practice clinic located in Texas? The main purpose of this project was to increase …

The Impact Of Stigma On Hiv/Aids Testing Among Kenyan Diaspora Women, Phyllis Catherine Nyotta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Researchers have considered HIV/AIDS in Kenya as the largest HIV pandemic in the world, with about 6.3 million individuals living with the disease as of 2013. About 25% of new HIV patients are adult women, aged 15 to 24 years old. Guided by the health belief model (HBM), the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional survey research study was to explore the influence of various dimensions of HIV/AIDS stigma (public, self, enacted, and structural) on the uptake of HIV testing among Kenyan Diaspora women in United States. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test if there was a correlation between …

The Influence Of Culture On Hiv Disclosure Among Gay Asian Males, David C. Doan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

HIV-positive, Asian Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM) experience triple minority stigma including HIV, sexual orientation, and minority ethnicity. To date, there is no research that examines the influence of cultural factors, level of acculturation, social determinants of health, and other confounding variables (e.g., age, education, level of income, and length of time since diagnosis) on HIV-positive disclosure behaviors, attitudes, and intentions to casual sexual partners for API MSM. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Hofstede's original cultural values and Triandis's cultural dimensions. In this 2-phase, mixed methods, sequential explanatory study, 24 API …

Socioeconomic Challenges In The Household And The Prevalence Of Comorbidity Among Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Randy Lee Perrin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed childhood neurobehavioral disorder, is increasing annually at about 5% per year. ADHD has been diagnosed in approximately 6.4 billion children in the U.S., and it is estimated that 66% of those afflicted have 1 or more comorbid conditions. Children with ADHD are often from socioeconomically challenged households. What is unclear from the literature is the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), defined as education, employment, and income and the reporting of comorbidities with ADHD. The problem is that children with ADHD from low SES households may be reporting a higher prevalence of comorbid …

Secondary Data Analysis: A Non-Pharmacology Treatment For Individuals Living With Hiv/Aids, Joseph Jean, Carolee Dodge-Francis Ed.D

McNair Poster Presentations

At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS world wide (WHO, 2017). Living with this disease puts individuals at increased risk for mental and physical health complications. Opportunistic infections and increased serious mental health conductions are common (NIH, 2016). Advances in antiretroviral therapies have been made to increase life expectancy but often times can adversely affect the individuals quality of life. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one way to help improve quality of life. One form of CAM, massage therapy may offer benefits to PLWHA in terms of ability to cope with stress.

Swaziland: A Journey Into Culture And Health Care, Claire Hickey

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience with Baylor International Pediatrics AIDS Initiative in Swaziland in 2017.

Sanibonani! A Global Health View Of The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Swaziland, Angie Schmidt

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience with the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative in Swaziland.

Salient Beliefs And Social Influence On Intentions To Misuse Prescription Opioid Pain Relieving Drugs For Recreational Purposes: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Robert Eugene Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of the proposed study was to evaluate the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting intentions to use prescription opioid pain relieving drugs for recreational purposes among a sample of college students, while identifying salient beliefs that underlie recreational use in order to inform future intervention efforts among this population. Methodology: A cross-sectional electronic survey design was used to evaluate the direct measures of TPB constructs, salient beliefs, substance use, and individual characteristics of a random sample of university students. Results: Among our sample (N=776) more than 20% reported lifetime use of prescription opioids …