Public Health Commons^™

Clinical Public Health Integration In Medical School Curriculum: Transitioning Medical Student Training From Medical Problems To Health Solutions, Ashtin Jeney, Bridget C. Huysman, Jamie Majdi, Kent Aje, Madeline Taskier, David K. Popiel, Lawrence R. Deyton, Karla Bartholomew

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

The current chronic disease burden, growing health disparities, and evolution of our healthcare system require that medical students be equipped with basic public health education to effectively manage patients, navigate the healthcare system, and advocate for health(1,2,3,4,5,6). The Institute of Medicine and the AAMC emphasize the need for physicians to be trained in public health(1,8). The inaugural year of the revised curriculum at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (GW SMHS) represented a first step at the institution to integrate clinical public health into medical education. As part of this process, the Clinical Public Health (CLiPH) …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Partners In Quitting, A Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Program, Rachael Schoenbrun

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

This presentation will discuss the implementation of Partners in Quitting, a new text message-based smoking cessation program. It will also provide preliminary data on client engagement rates, program effectiveness, and program challenges. Partners in Quitting is an outreach program that has been implemented at Bread for the City, a large DC hub for free health and social services. Partners in Quitting provides an evidence-based, easily accessible, and comprehensive smoking cessation program to the clients of Bread for the City.

Progression Of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities In Type 1 Diabetes During 16 Years Of Follow‐Up: The Epidemiology Of Diabetes Interventions And Complications (Edic) Study, Elsayed Soliman, Jye-Yu Backlund, Ionut Bebu, Yabing Li, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Patricia A. Cleary, John M. Lachin

GW Biostatistics Center

Background The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an objective tool for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment.

Methods and Results We evaluated distribution of ECG abnormalities and risk factors for developing new abnormalities in 1314 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. Annual ECGs were centrally read. ECG abnormalities were classified as major and minor according to the Minnesota ECG Classification. At EDIC year 1 (baseline), 356 (27.1%) of the participants had at least 1 ECG abnormality (major or minor) whereas 26 (2%) had at least one major abnormality. During 16 years of follow‐up, …

Dietary Fat Intake And Reproductive Hormone Concentrations And Ovulation In Regularly Menstruating Women, Sunni L. Mumford, Jorge E. Chavarro, Cuilin Zhang, Neil J. Perkins, Lindsey A. Sjaarda, Anna Z. Pollack, Karen C. Schliep, Kara A. Michels, Shvetha M. Zarek, Torie C. Plowden, Rose G. Radin, Lynne C. Messer, Robyn A. Frankel, Jean Wactawski-Wende

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Emerging evidence suggests potential links between some dietary fatty acids and improved fertility, because specific fatty acids may affect prostaglandin synthesis and steroidogenesis.

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate associations between total and specific types of dietary fat intake and 1) hormone concentrations and 2) the risk of sporadic anovulation in a cohort of 259 regularly menstruating women in the BioCycle Study.

Design: Endogenous reproductive hormones were measured up to 8 times/cycle for up to 2 cycles, with visits scheduled with the use of fertility monitors. Dietary intake was assessed with up to …

Measuring Comprehensive Public Health Delivery Systems And Their Contributions To Population Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Delivery and financing systems for public health services vary widely across U.S. communities, raising questions about the comparative effectiveness and efficiency of alternative structures. We summarize recent approaches for measuring alternative system configurations and estimating their health and economic effects.

Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Predict Sustained Quality Of Life Deficits In Hiv-Positive Ugandan Adults Despite Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study., Amara E. Ezeamama, Makhabele N. Woolfork, David Guwatudde, Danstan Bagenda, Yukari C. Manabe, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Mary C. Smith Fawzi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The impact of psychosocial status at onset of antiretroviral therapy on changes in quality of life (QOL) and subjectively rated health (SRH) among adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluate the association between stigma, anxiety, depression, and social support and change in QOL and SRH in HIV-infected Ugandan adults during an 18-month period.Psychosocial indicators were assessed at enrollment using structured questionnaires. QOL and SRH measures were assessed at months 0, 6, 12, and 18 using the Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV. Linear mixed models determined risk estimated differences in QOL and SRH in …

Using Information Technology To Model Hand-Washing Behavior And To Improve Policies Impacting Elementary School Absenteeism Due To Influenza, Galina V. Miller

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation revealed several problems on the analysis of in?uenza propagation by indicating how agent-based modeling can be employed to measure the e?ectiveness of control measures and assist in improving health policy to decrease absenteeism among elementary students. The primary question posed was as following: “What is the e?ect of hand hygiene on the possible incidence rates among school children?” After creating an agent-based model representing the in?uenza transmission dynamic, the incidence rates were calculated based on the hand-washing success rates. The statistical results from the simulation model were displayed in graphical format.

Finally, the author addressed the issue of …

An Investigation Into The Dietary And Health Behaviours Of Pregnant Women In Ireland, Laura Mullaney

Doctoral

Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic complications in pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Effective weight management following childbirth may reduce long-term metabolic risks among women of child bearing age. The aim of this study was to investigate the diet and health behaviours of pregnant and postpartum women in Ireland. Accurate dietary assessment in pregnancy is often difficult to achieve. We have shown that dietary under-reporting is more likely among pregnant women who are younger, materially deprived, obese and who have increased adiposity. These findings suggest that dietary underreporting represents a source of potential bias in obstetric obesity …

Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Predict Sustained Quality Of Life Deficits In Hiv-Positive Ugandan Adults Despite Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study., Amara E. Ezeamama, Makhabele N. Woolfork, David Guwatudde, Danstan Bagenda, Yukari C. Manabe, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Mary C. Smith Fawzi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The impact of psychosocial status at onset of antiretroviral therapy on changes in quality of life (QOL) and subjectively rated health (SRH) among adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluate the association between stigma, anxiety, depression, and social support and change in QOL and SRH in HIV-infected Ugandan adults during an 18-month period.Psychosocial indicators were assessed at enrollment using structured questionnaires. QOL and SRH measures were assessed at months 0, 6, 12, and 18 using the Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV. Linear mixed models determined risk estimated differences in QOL and SRH in …

What's At Stake For Women Of Color In Zubik V. Burwell, Public Rights/Private Conscience Project

Center for Gender & Sexuality Law

In March 2016, the Law, Rights, and Religion Project issued a memorandum analyzing the potential outcomes of the Supreme Court case, Zubik v. Burwell. Per the Law, Rights, and Religion Project's analysis, if the plaintiffs in Zubik v. Burwell win, thousands of women of color who work at religious non-profits could be stripped of their right to no-cost insurance coverage for contraception. That’s what at stake in the latest Supreme Court case challenging the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) contraceptive mandate. This fact sheet explores what women of color have at stake in this round of litigation over the ACA.

Clinical Presentation Of Ovarian Tumors, Qamarunissa Muhabat, Fakharunissa Waheed, Waqar Unissa, Nigar Jabeen

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Ovarian malignancy is a serious disease affecting women of all ages, more so above 50 years, and they are still difficult to treat, partly because no truly effective therapy has yet been developed although presentation is often vague and non-specific, the symptoms are definitely present. It is important to recognize the symptoms so far, there is no test yet available, which is truly specific and suitable for screening and early detection of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. So, it is concluded that for prognosis and patient survival, early detection and treatment is mandatory.

Trait Hope And Preparation For Future Care Needs Among Older Adult Primary Care Patients, Jodi L. Southerland, Deborah L. Slawson, Robert Pack, Silvia Sörensen, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Jameson K. Hirsch

ETSU Faculty Works

We examined associations between trait hope and preparation for future care needs (PFCN) among 66 older adult primary care patients in western New York. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing PFCN (awareness, information gathering, decision-making, concrete planning, and avoidance), and the Adult Trait Hope Scale. In multivariate regressions, lower hope, particularly less agency, was associated with more awareness of needing care, whereas higher hopefulness, particularly pathways thinking, was associated with increased decision-making and concrete planning. Greater hopefulness appears to be linked to goal-directed planning behaviors, although those with lower hope may actually be more aware of the need for planning. Evidence-based …

Walking Mediates Associations Between Neighborhood Activity Supportiveness And Bmi In The Women's Health Initiative San Diego Cohort., Jordan A. Carlson, Rosemay A. Remigio-Baker, Cheryl A M Anderson, Marc A. Adams, Gregory J. Norman, Jacqueline Kerr, Michael H. Criqui, Matthew Allison

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether walking mediates neighborhood built environment associations with weight status in middle- and older-aged women.

METHODS: Participants (N=5085; mean age=64 ± 7.7; 75.4% White non-Hispanic) were from the Women's Health Initiative San Diego cohort baseline visits. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured objectively. Walking was assessed via survey. The geographic information system (GIS)-based home neighborhood activity supportiveness index included residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, and number of parks.

RESULTS: BMI was 0.22 units higher and the odds ratio for being obese (vs. normal or overweight) was 8% higher for every standard deviation …

Monitoring Intra-Abdominal Pressure : Should It Be A Routine For Critically Ill?, Madiha Hashmi

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Liver And Other Gastrointestinal Cancers Are Frequent In Mexican Americans, Ariana L. Garza, Kristina Vatcheva, Jen-Jung Pan, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Michael Fallon, Joseph B. Mccormick, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Disease patterns in Mexican-American health-disparity populations differ from larger United States populations.

Aims

Determine frequency of gastrointestinal cancers in Mexican Americans.

Methods

We analyzed self-reported data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort where we find high rates of risk factors for cancer: obesity (48.5%), diabetes (30.7%). Participants provided cancer histories about themselves and first and second degree relatives. Logistic regression models assessed risk factors. Frequencies of cancer sites were ranked and validated using concurrent age local cancer registry data.

Results

Among 9,249 individuals (participants and their relatives) there were 1,184 individuals with reports of cancer. Among cohort participants under …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Examines Racial Disparities in Emotional Distress among Cancer Survivors
• Georgia Southern Reviwes 101+Careers in Public Health

Community Health News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Racial Disparities in Emotional Distress among Cancer Survivors

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Racial Disparities in Emotional Distress among Cancer Survivors
• Georgia Southern Reviews 101+ Careers in Public Health

The Role Of Micro Health Insurance In Providing Financial Risk Protection In Developing Countries- A Systematic Review., Shifa Salman Habib, Shagufta Perveen, Hussain Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Out of pocket payments are the predominant method of financing healthcare in many developing countries, which can result in impoverishment and financial catastrophe for those affected. In 2010, WHO estimated that approximately 100 million people are pushed below the poverty line each year by payments for healthcare. Micro health insurance (MHI) has been used in some countries as means of risk pooling and reducing out of pocket health expenditure. A systematic review was conducted to assess the extent to which MHI has contributed to providing financial risk protection to low-income households in developing countries, and suggest how the findings …

Safety Netting Through The Prevention And Detection Of Child Abuse In Low And Middle Income Countries: Lessons From Pakistan, Kanwal Nayani, Muhammad Akbar Baig, Nick Brown, Asad Mian

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Unintended Pregnancies In Brazil - A Challenge For The Recommendation To Delay Pregnancy Due To Zika, Cynthia Schuck-Paim, Daniel Lopez, Lone Simonsen, Wladimir Alonso

Global Health Faculty Publications

Because of the potential link between the ongoing Zika virus outbreak and a surge in the number of cases of congenital microcephaly, officials in Latin America have recommended that women postpone pregnancy until this association is firmly established or the outbreak subsides. However, in all these countries a large proportion of babies are still born out of unplanned pregnancies. Teenage girls are particularly at high risk, as they often lack access to preventive contraception methods, or the knowledge to use them appropriately. To gauge the magnitude of the barriers preventing the implementation of such a recommendation in Brazil, the country …

Caste-Ethnic Disparity In Vaccine Use Among 0- To 5-Year-Old Children In Nepal: A Decomposition Analysis, Satis Devkota, Christopher Butler

Economics & Management Publications

Objectives To examine what factors, if any, could account for caste/ethnic disparities in vaccine utilization between upper caste and indigenous, and upper caste and low caste (Dalit) groups in Nepal.

Methods Using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) approach to calculate disparity, we estimate the disparity between upper caste and indigenous, and between upper caste and Dalit 0- to 5-year-old children in Nepal. Then we use Fairlie’s non-linear regression-based decomposition technique to account for those disparities in immunization.

Results Using nationally representative data (the Nepal Living Standard Survey II and III), we construct a pooled cross-sectional series and calculate the disparity …

Alumni Collegiate Student-Athletes’ Wellness After Sport, Shane Warehime, Danae M. Dinkel, Abby Bjornson, Ashley J. Blount

Research Presentations

College student-athletes (may be more likely to experience difficulty transitioning from college than non-athletes, which could lead to decreased levels of overall wellness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the wellness of alumni SA who recently transitioned from college.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with former SA (n=12) were administered at a university in the Midwest. Interview questions were based on the Indivisible Self Model’s five factors of wellness (coping, social, physical, creative, and essential). Data were analyzed using the process of immersion/crystallization.

Results: Results indicate that subjects generally experienced negative feelings at the end of their athletic career, …

Knowledge And Behavior Change Of People Living With Hiv Through Nutrition Education And Counseling, Fitri Hudayani, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

HIV, AIDS, dan gizi saling berhubungan. Pada Unit Pelayanan Terpadu HIV Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, layanan edukasi dan konseling gizi disediakan secara kolaboratif untuk orang yang hidup dengan HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan dan konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku orang yang hidup dengan HIV. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain kuasi eksperimental menggunakan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 25 sampel dan 29 sampel untuk kelompok kontrol, dilakukan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Sampel berusia dewasa antara 18 – 50 tahun dipilih dengan menerapkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel uji-t berpasangan digunakan …

Influence Of Household Environment And Maternal Behaviors To Upper Respiratory Infection Among Toddlers, Reny Fahdiyani, Ardini S. Raksanagara, Hadyana Sukandar

Kesmas

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut atas (ISPA atas) di negara berkembang menyebabkan morbiditas tinggi pada anak bawah usia lima tahun (balita). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia melaporkan bahwa ISPAnonpneumonia meningkat 2,6% dari tahun 2007 ke 2011. Faktor risiko yang dapat berkontribusi termasuk lingkungan dan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor perilaku dan lingkungan dengan ISPA atas pada balita. Studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan dari Februari-April 2015 pada balita di Tamansari yang merupakan daerah kumuh di Kota Bandung. Kasus adalah 55 ibu dengan balita menderita ISPA atas yang datang ke puskesmas, sedangkan kontrol dua kali lebih besar dari kasus dipilih dari lingkungan …

Predisposing Factors With Complementary Feeding Practices Among 9-11 Month-Old Infants In Jakarta Urban Slum Area, Septriana Septriana, Gita Ardelia Suhartono

Kesmas

Penyebab utama kekurangan gizi selain dari penyakit infeksi adalah pola asuh yang tidak sesuai dan pemberian makan yang optimal menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengatasi konsekuensi jangka panjang dari kekurangan zat gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor pendukung praktik pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MPASI) pada bayi usia 9 - 11 bulan di daerah kumuh perkotaan Jakarta. Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 50 orang pengasuh bayi usia 9 – 11 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia pengasuh dengan praktik pemberian makan (nilai p = 0,645). Demikian juga dengan …

Residential Density, Parents’ Sexual Activity And Teenage Sexual Behavior In Yogyakarta, Luluk Rosida, Evi Martha, Besral Besral

Kesmas

Pada daerah kumuh dan padat, orangtua sering terpaksa harus berbagi ruang tidur dengan anak-anaknya sehingga anak-anaknya sudah terpapar dengan aktivitas seksual sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kepadatan hunian, aktivitas seksual orangtua, dan efeknya terhadap perilaku seksual remaja di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mewawancarai 268 keluarga yang memiliki anak remaja yang dipilih secara acak di daerah kumuh perkotaan dan daerah pedesaan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2015. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan regresi-cox multivariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orangtua yang tinggal di hunian padat memiliki risiko dua kali lebih besar untuk melakukan …

Effects Of Mothers’ Attitude As Breeders And Distance Of Stockyard Toward Diarrhea Incidence Among Toddlers, Yarmaliza Yarmaliza, Sugito Sugito, Teuku Reza Ferasyi, Nurliana Nurliana, Razali Razali

Kesmas

Diare merupakan penyakit dengan perubahan bentuk dan konsentrasi tinja yang melembek sampai mencair, dan bertambahnya frekuensi buang air besar lebih dari biasanya (tiga kali atau lebih dalam sehari). Di Provinsi Aceh, terdapat kasus diare sebanyak 48/1.000 kelahiran hidup pada 2013. Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat, pada tahun 2014 terdapat 1.071 kasus, sedangkan di Kecamatan Meureubo terdapat sebanyak 70 kasus pada anak bawah lima tahun (balita). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap ibu sebagai peternak dan jarak kandang ternak terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Meureubo. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara potong lintang pada bulan Juli – September …

Les Conditions Pour Une Intégration Sécuritaire Au Métier : Un Regard Sur Le Secteur Minier Québécois, Élise Ledoux, Sylvie Beaugrand, Caroline Jolly, Sylvie Ouellet, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les questions de recrutement et d’intégration d’une nouvelle main-d’oeuvre sont au coeur des préoccupations des entreprises minières qui font face au départ à la retraite de la génération des bébé-boumeurs, à la mobilité de la main-d’oeuvre et à des périodes de croissances liées à l’effervescence du marché dans le secteur. C’est dans ce contexte qu’une demande a été formulée par l’Association paritaire pour la santé et la sécurité du travail du secteur minier (APSM) à un groupe de chercheurs pour documenter les conditions favorisant une intégration sécuritaire et compétente des nouveaux mineurs notamment celles aidant à la transmission des …

Cadmium Contamination In Farmland Soil And Water Near Zinc Mining Site, Kanitta Jiraungkoorskul, Sara Arphorn, Mathuros Tipayamongholgul, Wattasit Siriwong

Kesmas

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Phatadpaeng, Kota Mae Sod, Provinsi Tak, Thailand. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi kadmium pada air dan tanah pertanian serta pada pemukiman petani dan rumah tangga. Konsentrasi kadmium pada 48 sampel tanah dan air pemukiman petani, 12 sampel rumah tangga, enam sampel tanah pertanian, dan delapan sampel air pertanian ditelusuri menggunakan Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Uji Mann-Whitney U digunakan untuk analisis perbedaan konsentrasi kadmium antara tanah pertanian dan tanah pemukiman, air pertanian dan air pemukiman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik pada seluruh matriks, namun air dan …