Public Health Commons^™

Behavioural Charactertics Of Patients Vulnerable For Repeated Hospitalisation, Amresh Srivastava, Coralee Berlmont, Miky Kaushal, Avinash Desouza, Robbie Campbell, Larry Stitt

Data and Test Instruments

Background Re-hospitalization which takes place in about 30 to 50% postdischarge patienst, leads to poor outcome, increased rate of mortality and consumes more than 2/3 of budgetary allocations. Inability to identify vulnerable candidates for repeated admissions limits our options for strategic treatment. Methods In this prospective study conducted at Regional Mental Health Care ( Presently Parkwood Institute) 101 patienst ( 51 feamles, mean age 43 years), were examined using standard psychometric tools on parameters of clinical, psychopathological, suicide behaviour and resiliency for their risk and preventive characerstics. Results We assessed 101 subjects (51 females) with mean age of 42 years. …

A Protocol For Developing An Evaluation Framework For An Academic And Private-Sector Partnership To Assess The Impact Of Major Food And Beverage Companies’ Investments In Community Health In The United States, Terry T-K Huang, Emily Ferris, Rachel Crossley, Michelle Guillermin, Sergio Costa, John Cawley

Publications and Research

Public health leaders increasingly recognize the importance of multi-sector partnerships and systems approaches to address obesity. Public-private partnerships (PPP), which are joint ventures between government agencies and private sector entities, may help facilitate this process, but need to be delivered through comprehensive, transparent frameworks to maximize potential benefits and minimize potential risks for all partners. The City University of New York (CUNY) School of Public Health and the Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation (HWCF) propose to engage in a unique academic-private-sector research partnership to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the food and beverage industry’s investment in obesity and hunger prevention …

A Machine Learning Approach To Post-Market Surveillance Of Medical Devices, Jonathan Bates, Shu-Xia Li, Craig Parzynski, Ronald Coifman, Harlan Krumholz, Joseph Ross

Yale Day of Data

Post-market surveillance is a collection of processes and activities used by product manufacturers and regulators, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to monitor the safety and effectiveness of medical devices once they are available for use “on the market”. These activities are designed to generate information to identify poorly performing devices and other safety problems, accurately characterize real-world device performance and clinical outcomes, and facilitate the development of new devices, or new uses for existing devices. Typically, a device is monitored by comparing adverse events in the exposed population to a matched unexposed population. This research considers …

Who Is Making Lifestyle Changes Due To Preventive Health Care Information? A 10 Year Comparison Study, Joseph D. Cangelosi Jr., David Kim, Edward Ranelli

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

This paper sought to describe from a set of 6 demographic and 13 lifestyle change variables the person who is significantly and positively impacted by preventive health care information (PHCI). Based on past research, six hypotheses were developed. Three of the six hypotheses were accepted. In addition, there were significant relationships for each of the six demographic variables with at least one of the lifestyle change variables. Those who are seeking and are positively impacted by PHCI are better educated, female, and (depending upon the lifestyle change variable in question) fall into a definite age category. There is partial support …

Background Literature On Violence Against Children In South Africa: Foundation For A Phased Communications For Development (C4d) Strategy, Mark Edberg, Hina Shaikh, Shaneka Thurman, Rajiv N. Rimal

Center for Social Well-Being and Development

No abstract provided.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Examines Variation in Public Health Governance
• Georgia Southern Examined Rural-Urban differences in Perceptions of Child Overweight

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examined Rural-Urban Differences in Perceptions of Child Overweight

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Variation in Public Health Governance
• Georgia Southern Examined Rural-Urban Differences in Perceptions of Child Overweight

Parenting Around Child Snacking: Development Of A Theoretically-Guided, Empirically Informed Conceptual Model, Kirsten K. Davison, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Rachel E. Blaine, Nicholas A. Younginer, Alexandria Orloski, Heather A. Hamtil, Claudia Ganter, Yasmeen P. Bruton, Amber E. Vaughn, Jennifer O. Fisher

Faculty Publications

Background: Snacking contributes to excessive energy intakes in children. Yet factors shaping child snacking are virtually unstudied. This study examines food parenting practices specific to child snacking among low-income caregivers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English or Spanish with 60 low-income caregivers of preschool-aged children (18 non-Hispanic white, 22 African American/Black, 20 Hispanic; 92% mothers). A structured interview guide was used to solicit caregivers' definitions of snacking and strategies they use to decide what, when and how much snack their child eats. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an iterative theory-based and grounded approach. A conceptual model …

Rising Gasoline Prices Increase New Motorcycle Sales And Fatalities, He Zhu, Fernando A. Wilson, Jim P. Stimpson, Peter E. Hilsenrath

Publications and Research

Background: We examined whether sales of new motorcycles was a mechanism to explain the relationship between motorcycle fatalities and gasoline prices.

Methods: The data came from the Motorcycle Industry Council, Energy Information Administration and Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1984–2009. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regressions estimated the effect of inflation-adjusted gasoline price on motorcycle sales and logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) between new and old motorcycle fatalities when gasoline prices increase.

Results: New motorcycle sales were positively correlated with gasoline prices (r = 0.78) and new motorcycle fatalities (r = 0.92). ARIMA analysis estimated that a US$1 increase …

Assessing The Occupational Nosie Exposure Of Bartenders, Adrianna J. Woltman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration estimates that each year, approximately 30 million people are occupationally exposed to hazardous noise. While many are aware of the noise exposure associated with industrial occupations, there has been little research conducted on bartenders who often work in environments that have high levels of noise. The majority of current published research on occupational noise exposure of bartenders has only evaluated noise levels on one night of business. Bartenders often work multiple days per week, which vary in the amount of patrons and entertainment provided, this variation in business leads to variation in the amount …

Evaluation Of Soil As A Risk Indicator For Human Leptospirosis In Coastal, Rural Ecuador, Chad Allen Weddell

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochete bacteria (family Leptospiraceae, genus Leptospira), is endemic in developing tropical regions of the world. It occurs in epidemics and is endemic in Ecuador where environmental conditions are ideal for maintenance. The role of soil as a long term reservoir has been previously been documented. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technology was used in our study to further explore the role of soil as an environmental reservoir and its potential use as a static risk indicator for disease. Red, Green, Blue (RGB) spectral band data from known leptospire …

A Socio-Ecological Model Of Affordable Care Act Acceptance, Pratiksha Vaghela

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: Since 1965, there have not been any major revisions of the healthcare laws in the United States, until the recent implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). However, ACA is not well understood and is often controversial. The purpose of this study is to: (1) evaluate the relationship between the employers’ and the employees’ perceptions regarding the ACA mandates for small businesses, (2) evaluate the relationship between the self-reported and the tested knowledge of individuals regarding the ACA mandates for small businesses, and (3) determine if socio-demographic factors influence individual’s perception of the law. Based on the gathered information, …

A Community Of Isolation: An Ethnographic Examination Of Mothering In Poverty And Its Impact On Food Security In Pinellas County, Florida, Amanda M. Terry

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation is to document the lived experience of mothering in poverty and the unique challenges the role of mother presents to maintaining food security. Millions of households in the United States are struggling to put food on the table, a problem made worse by the current economic recession and high food prices. Among them, households with children and specifically, single mothers, report the highest prevalence of food insecurity. While Federal food assistance programs are available to help alleviate this issue, the continued problem of hunger is a very real and pervasive concern for millions of American …

Health Infor[M-Ed]: Black College Females Discuss A Virtual Reality (Vr) Platform For Sexual Health Education And Training, Henry Arnett Ross

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: College settings are likely environments for Black women to contract STIs (including HIV) or experience unintentional/unwanted pregnancies. Effective prevention strategies for this population include dialogue and activities that focus on gender, maturity, cultural barriers, personal strength, and information needs. However, technological advancements (including virtual reality) and innovation are limited in prevention efforts.

Methods: Four 90-minute focus group sessions were conducted in a convenience sample of Black college females (ages 18 years or older) and a research-intensive public institution in the southeast. A series of surveys were distributed during each audio-recorded focus group session. A mixed-method approach to data analysis …

Effect Of Timely Treatment On Malaria Gametocytemia In Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Miguel Reina-Ortiz

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Malaria is a disease that causes great burden in public health worldwide. It was estimated that in 2011 there were 3.3 billion people at risk of acquiring malaria. According to data from the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, malaria incidence has shown a 99.9% steady decrease since year 2000. This study evaluated the effect of timely treatment on circulating gametocyte and malaria incidence rates. All cases reported in the province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador from July 2012 to March 2015 and to the national headquarters between February 2012 and December 2014 were studied. The effect of early treatment on: 1) …

Assessment Of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection (Sthi) In School Children, Risk Factors, Interactions And Environmental Control In El Salvador., Sharad Suryakant Malavade

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background:

Soil transmitted helminth infections (STHI) are important Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). The three main STHI are infections with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms. STHI have a significant effect on the growth and development of children. A national survey for STHI in El Salvador by Pan American Health Organization and Ministry of Health in 2012 in school children aged 8years to 10 years. The survey collected data on age, gender, behavioral habits, and source of drinking water, type of toilet facility used and ecological zone of residence.

A) We did an analyses of the data with an aim to …

Energy Production And Effluent Quality In Tubular Digesters Treating Livestock Waste In Rural Costa Rica, Maureen Njoki Kinyua

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Use of tubular anaerobic digesters to treat livestock waste in developing countries has energy, agricultural, health, social and environmental benefits. However, careful use of digester effluent as a soil amendment is required due to the potential presence of protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. This research investigated the performance of four tubular digesters in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica. High (>75%) volatile solids and BOD5 removal efficiencies were observed, which was attributed to the formation of a biologically active floccular sludge layer. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and bioprocess models were developed to evaluate the transport and transformation …

Factors Associated With Early Growth In Egyptian Infants: Implications For Addressing The Dual Burden Of Malnutrition., Justine A Kavle, Valerie L Flax, Ali Abdelmegeid, Farouk Salah, Seham Hafez, Magda Ramzy, Doaa Hamed, Gulsen Saleh, Rae Galloway

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Optimal nutrition is critical to the attainment of healthy growth, human capital and sustainable development. In Egypt, infants and young children face overlapping forms of malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, stunting and overweight. Yet, in this setting, little is known about the factors associated with growth during the first year of life. A rise in stunting in Lower Egypt from 2005 to 2008 prompted this implementation research study, which followed a longitudinal cohort of infants from birth to 1 year of age within the context of a USAID-funded maternal and child health integrated programme. We sought to determine if growth patterns …

‘They Can’T Report Abuse, They Can’T Move Out. They Are At The Mercy Of These Men’: Exploring Connections Between Intimate Partner Violence, Gender And Hiv In South African Clinical Settings, Courtenay Sprague

Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance Faculty Publication Series

This qualitative study captured South African female health provider perspectives of intimate partner violence in female patients, gender norms and consequences for patients’ health. Findings indicated female patients’ health behaviours were predicated on sociocultural norms of submission to men’s authority and economic dependence on their partners. Respondents described how men’s preferences and health decision-making in clinics affected their patients’ health. Adverse gender norms and gender inequalities affected women’s opportunities to be healthy, contributing to HIV risk and undermining effective HIV management in this context. Some providers, seeking to deliver a standard of quality healthcare to their female patients, demonstrated a …

Social Norms About A Health Issue In Work Group Networks, Lauren B. Frank

Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this study is to advance theorizing about how small groups understand health issues through the use of social network analysis. To achieve this goal, an adapted cognitive social structure examines group social norms around a specific health issue, H1N1 flu prevention. As predicted, individual’s attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived social norms were each positively associated with behavioral intentions for at least one of the H1N1 health behaviors studied. Moreover, collective norms of the whole group were also associated with behavioral intentions, even after controlling for how individual group members perceive those norms. For members of work groups in …

Étude Sur La Sécurité Des Machines Lors Des Interventions En Mode De Vitesse Ou D’Efforts Réduits, Yuvin Chinniah, Barthélemy Aucourt, Réal Bourbonnière

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les risques liés aux éléments mobiles de machines industrielles sont connus pour être à l’origine d’accidents graves et mortels. L’article 186 du Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail (RSST) vise à encadrer des interventions, notamment de maintenance, de réparation et de réglage en complément de l’article 182 qui, lui, régit les interventions de production en interdisant l’accès aux zones dangereuses et en assurant l’arrêt des éléments mobiles en cas de présence de travailleurs dans ces zones dangereuses. Cette activité de recherche vise à étudier l’application de l’article 186 du RSST. Elle …

A Comparison Of A Multistate Inpatient Ehr Database To The Hcup Nationwide Inpatient Sample., Jonathan P Deshazo, Mark A Hoffman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The growing availability of electronic health records (EHRs) in the US could provide researchers with a more detailed and clinically relevant alternative to using claims-based data.

METHODS: In this study we compared a very large EHR database (Health Facts©) to a well-established population estimate (Nationwide Inpatient Sample). Weighted comparisons were made using t-value and relative difference over diagnoses and procedures for the year 2010.

RESULTS: The two databases have a similar distribution pattern across all data elements, with 24 of 50 data elements being statistically similar between the two data sources. In general, differences that were found are consistent …

A Multiscale Mapping Assessment Of Lake Champlain Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Nathan Torbick, Megan Corbiere, Yu-Pin Lin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Lake Champlain has bays undergoing chronic cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms that pose a public health threat. Monitoring and assessment tools need to be developed to support risk decision making and to gain a thorough understanding of bloom scales and intensities. In this research application, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Rapid Eye, and Proba Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) images were obtained while a corresponding field campaign collected in situ measurements of water quality. Models including empirical band ratio regressions were applied to map chlorophylla and phycocyanin concentrations; all sensors performed well with R² and root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranging …

Ebola Virus Infection: Overview And Update On Prevention And Treatment, Miguel J. Martínez, Abdulbaset M. Salim, Juan C. Hurtado, Paul E. Kilgore

Department of Pharmacy Practice

In 2014 and 2015, the largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in history affected large populations across West Africa. The goal of this report is to provide an update on the epidemic and review current progress in the development, evaluation and deployment of prevention and treatment strategies for EVD. Relevant information was identified through a comprehensive literature search using Medline, PubMed and CINAHL Complete and using the search terms Ebola, Ebola virus disease, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, West Africa outbreak, Ebola transmission, Ebola symptoms and signs, Ebola diagnosis, Ebola treatment, vaccines for Ebola and clinical trials on Ebola. Through 22 July …

Presence Of Athletic Trainers In Michigan High Schools, Monica Lininger, Gayle Thompson

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Each year an estimated 1.4 million sports related injuries occur annually to student-athletes at the high school level. It has been over 20 years since a systematic investigation into the presence of athletic trainers to treat these injuries in the state of Michigan has been conducted. Within the past 5 years in Michigan, licensure as well as several laws and regulations have been enacted for athletic trainers.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of athletic trainers in secondary schools in Michigan.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Questionnaires were given to all 400 athletic directors in attendance of the Michigan Interscholastic Athletic …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Alumni as ASPPH/CDC Allan Rosenfield Fellow
• Karl E. Peace Award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the betterment of Society
• Georgia Southern Compares Quality Improvement Efforts
• Georgia Southern Reviews Gender Disparities in Water, Sanitation, and Global Health
• Georgia Southern Examines Implementation of Electronic Disease Reporting Systems
• Georgia Southern Examines the Impact of Laws on Healthcare-associated Infection Reduction
• Georgia Southern Examines Social Media Reactions

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Social Media Reactions
• Georgia Southern Alumni as ASPPH/CDC Allan Rosenfield Fellow

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Implementation of Electronic Disease Reporting Systems
• Georgia Southern Compares Quality Improvement Efforts
• Georgia Southern Examines the Impact of Laws on Healthcareassociated Infection Reduction

Utilizing Performance Management To Harness The Power Of Quality Improvement In Public Health, Leslie M. Beitsch, Valerie A. Yeager, John W. Moran

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Widespread adoption of quality improvement activities in public health trails other U.S. sectors. Launching the national public health accreditation program of the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) has propelled health department momentum around quality improvement uptake. Domain 9 of the PHAB standards focuses on evaluation and improvement of performance, and is acting as a strong driver for quality improvement and performance management implementation within health departments. Several performance management models have received broad acceptance, including among government and nonprofits, and have direct public health application. Turning Point is a model designed specifically for public health users. All models in current …