Public Health Commons^™

Genetic Predictors Of Metabolic Side Effects Of Diuretic Therapy, Jorge L. Del Aguila

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Thiazide diuretics are a recommended first-line monotherapy for hypertension (i.e.SBP>140 mmHg or DBP>90 mmHg). Even so, diuretics are associated with adverse metabolic side effects, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia which increase the risk of developing type II diabetes. This thesis used three analytical strategies to identify and quantify genetic factors that contribute to the development of adverse metabolic effects due to thiazide diuretic treatment. I performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analysis of the change in fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides in response to HCTZ from two different clinical trials: the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses …

Biomechanics And Ergonomics In Women Material Handlers, André Plamondon, Denys Denis, Christian Larivière, Alain Delisle, Denis Gagnon, Marie St-Vincent, Iuliana Nastasia

Rapports de recherche scientifique

De nombreuses femmes exercent le métier de manutentionnaire. À tort, on a négligé de s’intéresser à cette population parce que le métier de manutentionnaire est largement pratiqué par des hommes. Il existe des études qui ont observé des différences significatives entre les hommes et les femmes dans leurs façons d’effectuer les tâches de manutention, mais leur nombre est limité. Quoique le nombre de manutentionnaires féminins soit beaucoup moins élevé dans certains types d’activité comme le transport et la machinerie, dans d’autres secteurs comme l’alimentation et les services, les femmes constituent souvent près de la moitié de la main-d'œuvre qui, de …

Gestational Headaches: Characteristics And Influencing Factors In South-Western Nigeria, Philip Adebayo, Aramide Mikhail Tijani, Olukayode Abayom, Adeseye Abiodun Akintunde

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: factor s Headache is one of the common neurological diseases in pregnancy but its pattern and influencing are yet to be determined in our environment in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics, as well as the modifying factors for gestational headaches in Ogbomoşo, Nigeria.

Methods: This study was a biinsti pregnant women attending the antetutional crosssectional descriptive study. Three hundred and eight (308) eligible natal care of the Ladoke Akintola University of T local government hospitals in Ogbomoso were recruited consecu 2013. Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, sociodemographic, obstetrics and headache related …

Assessing Health Department Readiness For Public Health Accreditation Through Quality Improvement, Christian L. Williams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Engaging in quality improvement (QI) activities can help local and state health departments improve current processes, develop more effective new processes, increase leadership capacity, and prepare for public health accreditation. Public health organizations that have implemented QI processes have seen improvements in health outcome indicators, delivery of the 10 essential services, patient satisfaction, and performance management.

Quality improvement is the foundation of the Public Health Accreditation Board‟s (PHAB) program and further pushes health departments, at both the local and state level, to adopt QI activities within their organizations. There are numerous potential benefits associated with accreditation in public health, one …

Sleep Environment Risks For Younger And Older Infants., Jeffrey D. Colvin, Vicki Collie-Akers, Christy Schunn, Rachel Y. Moon

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related causes of infant mortality have several known risk factors. Less is known about the association of those risk factors at different times during infancy. Our objective was to determine any associations between risk factors for sleep-related deaths at different ages.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of sleep-related infant deaths from 24 states during 2004-2012 contained in the National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths Case Reporting System, a database of death reports from state child death review teams. The main exposure was age, divided into younger (0-3 months) and older …

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Newly Implemented, Proactive Approach To Legionellosis Investigations Conducted By The Southern Nevada Health District, Devin Charlotte Raman

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This project is an evaluation of a new, more proactive approach to legionellosis investigations conducted by the Southern Nevada Health District. The new protocol was conceived, written and adopted in April of 2012 with the goal of preventing outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease that can have a significant impact on public health and the resort industry of Las Vegas. The objectives of this project were to determine if the remediation methods were successful at eliminating the target organism from water systems and maintaining a negative status throughout the monitoring period, to conduct a cost/benefit analysis, and to compare this protocol with …

A Qualitative Study Of The Perceived Health Care Needs Of Undocumented Latino Day Laborers Living In Las Vegas, Nevada, Siboney Zelaya

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Undocumented (unauthorized, illegal) immigrants seek employment on the street corners near home improvement stores offering their services and selling their labor to the employers who arrive in their cars or trucks to pick them up for a few hours of hard work. The number of undocumented immigrants in the United States continues to increase. By percentage of overall population, Nevada has one of the largest shares of undocumented immigrants in the United States, and the bulk of that percentage is Latino.

The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative research study is to gain knowledge about undocumented Latino day laborers' perceived health …

Psychosocial Food-Related Behavior And Food Intake Of Adult Main Meal Preparers Of Food For 9-10 Year-Old Children Participating In Icook, A Five-State Childhood Obesity Pilot Prevention Study, Ashley A. Miller

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Understanding adult outcomes of programs aimed at childhood obesity prevention is necessary because parents/caregivers are the most important influence on a child’s physical activity and eating habits. Based on the principles of the social cognitive theory, the iCook 4-H pilot study taught dyads consisting of 9-10 year-old children and their primary meal preparers cooking skills, healthy shopping and meal habits, and easy ways to incorporate physical activity as a family. The program took place in five states, Maine, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia. In each state, adult-youth dyads (n = 54) were recruited by 4-H programs and nutrition …

Demonstrating The Use Of High-Volume Electronic Medical Claims Data To Monitor Local And Regional Influenza Activity In The Us, Cecile G. Viboud, Vivek Charu, Donald R. Olson, Sebastien Ballesteros, Julia R. Gog, Farid Khan, Bryan T. Grenfell, Lone Simonsen

Global Health Faculty Publications

Introduction

Fine-grained influenza surveillance data are lacking in the US, hampering our ability to monitor disease spread at a local scale. Here we evaluate the performances of high-volume electronic medical claims data to assess local and regional influenza activity.

Material and Methods

We used electronic medical claims data compiled by IMS Health in 480 US locations to create weekly regional influenza-like-illness (ILI) time series during 2003–2010. IMS Health captured 62% of US outpatient visits in 2009. We studied the performances of IMS-ILI indicators against reference influenza surveillance datasets, including CDC-ILI outpatient and laboratory-confirmed influenza data. We estimated correlation in weekly …

Association Between District-Level Perceived Safety And Self-Rated Health: A Multilevel Study In Seoul, South Korea, Seung-Sup Kim, Jaesung Choi, Kisoo Park, Yeongseung Chung, Sangjo Park, Jongho Heo

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Objectives Several studies have reported the relationship between residents’ perceived neighbourhood safety and their health outcomes. However, those studies suffered from unreliability of neighbourhood safety measure and potential residual confounding related to crime rates. In this study, using multilevel analysis to account for the hierarchical structure of the data, we examined associations between district-level perceived safety and self-rated health after adjusting for potential confounders including the district-level crime rate.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting We used the first wave of Seoul Welfare Panel Study, which has 7761 individuals from 3665 households in 25 administrative districts in Seoul, South Korea. District-level perceived …

Policy Impact Assessment: The “Reasonable Break Time” Provision Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act, Merritt Juliano

21st Century Social Justice

Breastfeeding continues to be the most optimal source of nutrition for infants under 6 months of age, and has been associated with a wide variety of infant and maternal health benefits, including protection against certain illnesses and diseases. Most health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months post-birth. Despite these recommendations, breastfeeding women, especially those in lower socioeconomic groups face many challenges in our society. Moreover, maternal employment stands as a significant barrier to successful breastfeeding durations. To counter these problems, Section 4207 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [ACA] was enacted to offer …

Lineage-Specific Interface Proteins Match Up The Cell Cycle And Differentiation In Embryo Stem Cells, Angela Re, Christopher T. Workman, Levi Waldron, Alessandro Quattrone, Søren Brunak

Publications and Research

The shortage of molecular information on cell cycle changes along embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation prompts an in silico approach, which may provide a novel way to identify candidate genes or mechanisms acting in coordinating the two programs. We analyzed germ layer specific gene expression changes during the cell cycle and ESC differentiation by combining four human cell cycle transcriptome profiles with thirteen in vitro human ESC differentiation studies. To detect cross-talk mechanisms we then integrated the transcriptome data that displayed differential regulation with protein interaction data. A new class of non-transcriptionally regulated genes was identified, encoding proteins which interact …

The Semen Microbiome And Its Relationship With Local Immunology And Viral Load In Hiv Infection, Cindy M. Liu, Brendan J.W. Osborne, Bruce A. Hungate, Kamnoosh Shahabi, Sanja Huibner, Richard Lester, Michael G. Dwan, Colin Kovacs, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Erika Benko, Maliha Aziz, Lance B. Price

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Semen is a major vector for HIV transmission, but the semen HIV RNA viral load (VL) only correlates moderately with the blood VL. Viral shedding can be enhanced by genital infections and associated inflammation, but it can also occur in the absence of classical pathogens. Thus, we hypothesized that a dysregulated semen microbiome correlates with local HIV shedding. We analyzed semen samples from 49 men who have sex with men (MSM), including 22 HIV-uninfected and 27 HIV-infected men, at baseline and after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. We studied the relationship of semen …

Metagenomic Identification Of A Novel Salt Tolerance Gene From The Human Gut Microbiome Which Encodes A Membrane Protein With Homology To A Brp/Blh-Family Beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase, Eamonn P. Culligan, Roy D. Sleator, Julian R. Marchesi, Colin Hill

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

The human gut microbiome consists of at least 3 million non-redundant genes, 150 times that of the core human genome. Herein, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel stress tolerance gene from the human gut metagenome. The locus, assigned brpA, encodes a membrane protein with homology to a brp/blh-family β-carotene monooxygenase. Cloning and heterologous expression of brpA in Escherichia coli confers a significant salt tolerance phenotype. Furthermore, when cultured in the presence of exogenous β-carotene, cell pellets adopt a red/orange pigmentation indicating the incorporation of carotenoids in the cell membrane.

Global Burden Of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation And Implications For The Neglected Tropical Diseases, Peter J. Hotez, Miriam Alvarado, Maria Gloria Basanez, Ian Bolliger, Et Al.

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Engagement in and Barriers to Accreditation
• Salud es Vida featured on NCI's Behavioral Research program grantee Profile
• Leadership Scholarship

Monitoring And Impact Evaluation Of A Voluntarily Medical Male Circumcision Project From The Perspective Of The Project Coordinator, Yvonne Usanase Ms

Capstone Collection

As the research by Auvert, et al. (2005) showed, “Male circumcision provides a degree of protection against acquiring HIV infection, equivalent to what a vaccine of high efficacy would have achieved” (Auvert, Taljaard, Lagarde, Sobngwi-Tambekou, Sitta & Puren, 2005). This paper discusses the study that was done on the Voluntarily Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) campaign launched by Drew Cares International (DCI)| Rwanda. The purpose of the study was to analyze the existing Monitoring and Evaluation system for HIV prevention programs in Drew Cares International. The data gathering methods used were sites observations in order to get first hand information on …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Engagement in and Barriers to Accreditation
• Salud es Vida featured on NCI's Behavioral Research Program Grantee Profile
• Leadership Scholarship

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Engagement in and Barriers to Accreditation

Black Is Decidedly Not Just Black: A Case Study On Hiv Among African-Born Populations Living In Massachusetts, Chioma Nnaji, Nzinga Metzger

Trotter Review

Black or African American is a racial category that includes the descendants of enslaved Africans as well as members of foreign-born black communities who migrated to the United States from places abroad, such as Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Grouping native-born and foreign-born blacks into a single homogeneous racial category may make it easier to track disease and health outcomes; however, it masks the different cultural experiences, histories, languages, social and moral values, and expectations that influence health beliefs, attitudes, practices, and behaviors. It also ignores such factors as migration, which forces foreign-born populations to examine both their traditional …

Assessing Health Conditions And Medication Use Among The Homeless Community In Long Beach, California, Mok Thoong Chong, Jason Yamaki, Megan Harwood, Richard D'Assalenaux, Ettie Rosenberg, Okezie Aruoma, Anupam Bishayee

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Persons experiencing homelessness are a vulnerable population and are at increased risk for morbidity and all-cause mortality compared to the general population. This study sought to evaluate medication use, regular physician visits, and identify health conditions among the homeless population of Long Beach, California.

Methods: Two "brown bag" medication review events were held at homeless shelters in the Long Beach area. Demographic information, medication use, and comorbid disease states were obtained through surveys.

Findings: Three-fourths of the cohort (95 participants) consisted of males, and the average age of participants was 48 years. Psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease were the …

Direct Comparison Of Apremilast And Best Supportive Care Using A Discrete Event Simulation, Zoe Clancy, Pharmd

Master of Science in Applied Health Economics and Outcomes Research Capstone Presentations

Apremilast is compared to best supportive care (BSC), and response to treatment is assessed after a trial period of 16 weeks, which corresponds to the primary efficacy endpoint in the apremilast clinical trials. DES is a technique that is event-based and models a population at the individual level in terms of utility, costs, and resource use. The DES was implemented as a series of input, calculation, and output flowcharts in Arena®. The DES reported an incremental QALY per patient of 0.16 and incremental cost per patient of $17,325. The Markov model reported an incremental QALY of 0.18 and incremental cost …

The Comparability Of Men Who Have Sex With Men Recruited From Venue-Time-Space Sampling And Facebook: A Cohort Study, Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, Patrick S. Sullivan, Travis H. Sanchez, Colleen F. Kelley, John L. Peterson, Carlos Del Rio, Laura F. Salazar, Paula M. Frew, Eli S. Rosenberg

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: Recruiting valid samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key component of the US human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance and of research studies seeking to improve HIV prevention for MSM. Social media, such as Facebook, may present an opportunity to reach broad samples of MSM, but the extent to which those samples are comparable with men recruited from venue-based, time-space sampling (VBTS) is unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the comparability of MSM recruited via VBTS and Facebook. Methods: HIV-negative and HIV-positive black and white MSM were recruited from June 2010 …

Infectious Diseases, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Provides information about the role of infectious diseases in the early years of U.S. History, with particular emphasis on how they impacted injuries sustained in military conflict.

Obesity Indicators And C - Reactive Protein In African And Haitian Americans With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Fatma G. Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, T. M. Rowe, Gustavo G. Zarini, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Lemia H. Shaban, Susan Himburg

Publications and Research

Purpose: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease based on finding in primarily non-Hispanic White populations. Obesity, another risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is higher in Blacks as compared to non-Hispanic Whites. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation, and obesity indicators by ethnicity, diabetes status and gender for two Black ethnicities.

Methods: Anthropometrics and venous blood were collected for African and Haitian Americans with and without type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study. A total of 434 participants; 190 African Americans, 244 Haitian Americans, …

The Aca’S Contraceptive Mandate: Religious Freedom, Women’S Health, And Corporate Personhood, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

On June 30 2014 the Supreme Court decided Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc, in a deeply divided judgment that engaged religious freedom, women’s health, and corporate personhood. Three closely held for-profit organizations challenged the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive mandate, objecting to four contraceptive methods that they believe acted as abortifacients, in violation of their Christian beliefs.

The Court held that the contraceptive mandate violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, ruling that the Act’s protections extended to closely held corporations, with the mandate substantially burdening their religious freedoms. The Court acknowledged the federal government’s compelling interest in …

"Wake Up The Knowledge That You Have": An Assessment Of Community Food Security In Fellsmere, Florida, Susan Marie Tyler

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the global industrial agricultural system many people lack access to high-quality nutritious foods and food production techniques are often inefficient and reliant on harsh chemical inputs. While numerous strategies exist to address the disparities present in the global food system, increasingly researchers and practitioners are looking to local food systems for solutions to strengthen community food security (CFS). CFS emphasizes small-scale production strategies such as farmer's markets, community gardens, and consumer supported agriculture. As these efforts evolve, research is needed to understand how these strategies affect communities. To explore a local CFS initiative, qualitative data were collected from community …

Implications Of The 2014 Quality Family Planning Services Guidelines Issued By Cdc And Opa, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Susan Wood, Merle Cunningham, Tishra Beeson, Peter Shin

Health Policy and Management Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Hiv-Positive Parents, Hiv-Positive Children, And Hiv-Negative Children’S Perspectives On Disclosure Of A Parent’S And Child’S Illness In Kenya, Grace Gachanja, Gary J. Burkholder Jr, Aimee Ferraro

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

HIV disclosure from parent to child is complex and challenging to HIV-positive parents and healthcare professionals. The purpose of the study was to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process in Kenya. Sixteen HIV-positive parents, seven HIV-positive children, and five HIV-negative children completed semistructured, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the Van Kaam method; NVivo 8 software was used to assist data analysis. We present data on the process of disclosure based on how participants recommended full disclosure be approached to HIV-positive and negative children. Participants recommended disclosure as a process starting at …

A Comparison Of Five Malaria Transmission Models: Benchmark Tests And Implications For Disease Control, Dorothy I. Wallace, Ben S. Southworth, Xun Shi, Jonathan W. Chipman, Andrew K. Githeko

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Models for malaria transmission are usually compared based on the quantities tracked, the form taken by each term in the equations, and the qualitative properties of the systems at equilibrium. Here five models are compared in detail in order to develop a set of performance measures that further illuminate the differences among models.

Methods: Five models of malaria transmission are compared. Parameters are adjusted to correspond to similar biological quantities across models. Nine choices of parameter sets/initial conditions are tested for all five models. The relationship between malaria incidence in humans and (1) malaria incidence in vectors, (2) man-biting …