Public Health Commons^™

Maternal Perception Of Child Body Weight And Physical Activity Behavior Patterns: Interactions With Gender And Ethnic Minority Status Of Preschool Children, Kayla F. Brooks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Childhood overweight and obesity is a complex disease that requires early identification and intervention. Little research has investigated the influence of maternal perception of child body weight on reported child physical activity behaviors and importance to change these behaviors. Using parent survey and child body mass index (BMI) data, the current study evaluated the difference between maternal perception of child weight status and reported physical activity and sedentary behavior levels amongst preschool-aged children. Reported child physical activity and sedentary behavior levels were not significantly different depending on maternal misperception. A significant interaction, however, between maternal perception of child body weight …

Death Patterns During The 1918 Influenza Pandemic In Chile, Gerardo Chowell, Lone Simonsen, Jose Flores, Mark A. Miller, Cecile G. Viboud

Global Health Faculty Publications

Scarce information about the epidemiology of historical influenza pandemics in South America prevents complete understanding of pandemic patterns throughout the continent and across different climatic zones. To fill gaps with regard to spatiotemporal patterns of deaths associated with the 1918 influenza pandemic in Chile, we reviewed archival records. We found evidence that multiple pandemic waves at various times of the year and of varying intensities occurred during 1918-1921 and that influenza-related excess deaths peaked during July-August 1919. Pandemic-associated mortality rates were elevated for all age groups, including for adults >50 years of age; elevation from baseline was highest for young …

The Burden Of Underweight And Overweight Among Women In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Charles Teller, Uriyoan Colón-Ramos

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background

Obesity and overweight are rising worldwide while underweight rates persist in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, and its socio-demographic correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

The data are from 2000, 2005 and 2011 nationally representative Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys in Addis Ababa. The dependent variable was women’s nutritional status measured in terms of body mass index coded in binary outcomes to examine risk of being underweight (<18.5 kg/m² vs. ≥18.5 kg/m²) or overweight/obese (>25 kg/m^{2 …}

The Impact Of Polio Eradication On Routine Immunization And Primary Health Care: A Mixed-Methods Study, Svea Closser, Kelly Cox, Thomas M. Parris, R Matthew Landis, Judith Justice, Ranjani Gopinath, Kenneth Maes, Hailom Banteyerga Amaha, Ismaila Zango Mohammed, Rashid Jooma

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: After 2 decades of focused efforts to eradicate polio, the impact of eradication activities on health systems continues to be controversial. This study evaluated the impact of polio eradication activities on routine immunization (RI) and primary healthcare (PHC).
Methods: Quantitative analysis assessed the effects of polio eradication campaigns on RI and maternal healthcare coverage. A systematic qualitative analysis in 7 countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa assessed impacts of polio eradication activities on key health system functions, using data from interviews, participant observation, and document review.
Results: Our quantitative analysis did not find compelling evidence of widespread and …

Evidence-Informed Guidelines For Pediatric Pandemic Planning And Response, Ginny Sprang, James J. Clark, Miriam Silman, Phyllis W. Leigh, Candice M. Jackson, A. Scott Lajoie

Center on Trauma and Children Reports

From the executive summary:

Pandemic events are unpredictable and inevitable. When they occur, the impact is both all-encompassing and asymmetrical; each pandemic targets specific, vulnerable populations, but ultimately impacts individuals, families and communities throughout the world. Regardless of origin or circumstances, the next pandemic will certainly count infants, children, and adolescents among its most vulnerable targets. As evidenced by the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, children may be at higher risk than populations more typically seen as susceptible to pandemic illness (the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, etc.). Children also can function as disease vectors, spreading the virus through their …

Improving Community Health Through Hospital-Public Health Collaboration: Insights And Lessons Learned From Successful Partnerships, Lawrence Prybil, F. Douglas Scutchfield, Rex Killian, Ann Kelly, Glen P. Mays, Angela Carman, Samuel Levey, Anne Mcgeorge, David W. Fardo

Health Management and Policy Faculty Book Gallery

From the introduction:

Health care expenditures in the United States currently consume over 17 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product, a much larger share than other developed nations. Yet, despite this large investment, studies by Commonwealth Fund, the Institute of Medicine, and other organizations show the USA lags behind other developed nations on multiple metrics of population health such as infant mortality and life expectancy. Moreover, there is extensive evidence of disparities in access, cost, and quality of health care services.

Thus, we are confronted by a striking paradox: the USA spends a large and growing proportion of our …

Body Mass Index Or Body Fat! Which Is A Better Obesity Scale For Pakistani Population?, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Rehana Rehman, Bushra Chaudhry

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Ojective: To compare two methods of classifying obesity based on body mass index and body fat percentage.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2012 to August 2013 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Male and female volunteers between the ages 15-65 years were selected using simple random sampling. They were classified into different groups for body mass index and body fat percentage measured through bioelectrical impedance scale. The subjects were sub-grouped into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. SPSS 11 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean age of the 828 healthy volunteers was 25.67±10.10 years. A …

Community Conversation Guide: How Can Our Community Support The Breastfeeding Experience In Brookings Businesses, Becky Kuehl, Jenn Anderson, Sara A. Mehltretter Drury, Charlotte Bachman, Marilyn Hildreth, Jamison Lamp, Mary Schwaegerl, Lois Tschetter, Julia Yoder

Communication Studies Publications

This forum is an opportunity for our community to come together and consider breastfeeding and support for our mothers and children with fresh eyes, fresh ideas, and a fresh conversation. Our conversation today will consider different approaches for increasing breastfeeding support in local businesses.
This guide introduces the issue, explains concerns with the breastfeeding experience in Brookings businesses, and presents three approaches to improving support. These approaches are not the only possible responses to the issue. Instead, they represent different ways that our community can take action based on our priorities.

Use Of Antenatal Corticosteroids And Tocolytic Drugs In Preterm Births In 29 Countries: An Analysis Of The Who Multicountry Survey On Maternal And Newborn Health, Joshua P. Vogel, João Paulo Souza, A Metin Gülmezoglu, Rintaro Mori, Pisake Lumbiganon, Zahida Qureshi, Guillermo Carroli, Malinee Laopaiboon, Bukola Fawole, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Despite the global burden of morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth, little evidence is available for use of antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic drugs in preterm births in low-income and middle-income countries. We analysed data from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (WHOMCS) to assess coverage for these interventions in preterm deliveries.

Methods: WHOMCS is a facility-based, cross-sectional survey database of birth outcomes in 359 facilities in 29 countries, with data collected prospectively from May 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2011. For this analysis, we included deliveries after 22 weeks’ gestation and we excluded births that …

Quality Of Cancer Registry Data, Alicia Noel Richardson

Applied Research Projects

Cancer registry is a growing field and with data being collected year round the data needs to be of good quality standing. Quality of cancer care is measurable per standards when met within the time frame allotted per care regimen. Cancer programs are evaluating and implementing new process to make their data valid and complete through information technology and connection among hospital-based and community-based practices. The aim of this study is to review the available validity, barriers and utilization related to quality of cancer care data. The studies were consistent among each other in that a concurrent review of data, …

Provider Cost Analysis Supports Results-Based Contracting Out Of Maternal And Newborn Health Services: An Evidence-Based Policy Perspective, Peter Hatcher, Shiraz Shaikh, Hassan Fazli, Shehla Zaidi, Atif Riaz

Community Health Sciences

Background

There is dearth of evidence on provider cost of contracted out services particularly for Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH). The evidence base is weak for policy makers to estimate resources required for scaling up contracting. This paper ascertains provider unit costs and expenditure distribution at contracted out government primary health centers to inform the development of optimal resource envelopes for contracting out MNH services.

Methods

This is a case study of provider costs of MNH services at two government Rural Health Centers (RHCs) contracted out to a non-governmental organization in Pakistan. It reports on four selected Basic Emergency Obstetrical …

Sofas And Infant Mortality., Lauren R. Rechtman, Jeffrey D. Colvin, Peter S. Blair, Rachel Y. Moon

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Sleeping on sofas increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related deaths. We sought to describe factors associated with infant deaths on sofas.

METHODS: We analyzed data for infant deaths on sofas from 24 states in 2004 to 2012 in the National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths Case Reporting System database. Demographic and environmental data for deaths on sofas were compared with data for sleep-related infant deaths in other locations, using bivariate and multivariable, multinomial logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 1024 deaths on sofas made up 12.9% of sleep-related infant …

Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Characteristics And Outcomes Among Hiv-Infected Adolescents And Young Adults Compared With Older Adults — Seven African Countries, 2004–2013, Andrew F. Auld, Simon G. Agolory, Ray W. Shiraishi, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Gideon Kwesigabo, Modest Mulenga, Sebastian Hachizovu, Emeka Asadu, Moise Zanga Tuho, Virginie Ettiegne-Traore, Francisco Mbofana, Velephi Okello, Charles Azih, Julie A. Denison, Sharon Tsui, Olivier Koole, Harrison Kamiru, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Charity Alfredo, Kebba Jobarteh, Solomon Odafe, Dennis Onotu, Kunomboa A. Ekra, Joseph S. Kouakou, Peter Ehrenkranz, George Bicego, Kwasi Torpey, Ya Diul Mukadi, Eric Van Praag, Joris Menten, Timothy Mastro, Carol Dukes Hamilton, Mahesh Swaminathan, E. Kainne Dokubo, Andrew L. Baughman, Thomas Spira, Robert Colebunders, David R. Bangsberg, Richard Marlink, Aaron Zee, Jonathan Kaplan, Tedd V. Ellerbrock

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2005 has contributed to a decline of about 30% in the global annual number of human immunodeficiency (HIV)–related deaths and declines in global HIV incidence, estimated annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased by about 50%, and estimated adolescent HIV incidence has been relatively stable. In 2012, an estimated 2,500 (40%) of all 6,300 daily new HIV infections occurred among persons aged 15–24 years. Difficulty enrolling adolescents and young adults in ART and high rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) after ART initiation might be contributing to mortality and HIV incidence in this …

Establishing Tobacco Origin From Pollen Identification: An Approach To Resolving The Debate, Shane Williams, Shelby Hubbard, Karl Reinhard, Sérgio Augusto De Miranda Chaves

Karl Reinhard Publications

Previous research into pollen content of tobacco resulted in a debate. We address this debate and determine that pollen analysis may be able to assist with identifying geographical origin of tobacco. However, the value of any results should be assessed on a case-by-case regional basis until sufficient database information is available for an objective interpretation to be undertaken on a global basis. As a first step toward developing comparative data for South America, we analyzed a tobacco sample from Brazil in an effort to identify signature taxa from the state of Minas Gerais. We also assessed the role of honey …

Factors Influencing The Return To Work After Depression: The Viewpoint And Role Of Unions, Marc Corbière, Louise St-Arnaud, Marie-José Durand, Marie-France Coutu, Tania Lecomte, Alessia Negrini, Marianne Renard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

En 2005, l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) stipulait que dans moins d’une décennie, la dépression constituerait une des premières causes d’incapacité avec les maladies cardiovasculaires (World Health Organization, 2005). En effet, on constate une augmentation des prestations d’invalidité attribuables aux troubles mentaux, notamment la dépression. Celles-ci sont à l’origine de plus de 40% de toutes les réclamations d’assurance-salaire (MSSS, 2005). Le retour au travail des employés qui ont dû s’absenter en raison d’une dépression est parfois complexe car il implique plusieurs acteurs. À notre connaissance, peu d’études se sont intéressées au point de vue des acteurs syndicaux quant aux …

Integration Of Non-Communicable Diseases Into Primary Health Care: A Snapshot From Eastern Mediterranean Region, Shehla Zaidi, Abdul Latif Khan, Aftab Ali Mukhi, Yousuf Memon, Slim Slama, Samer Jabbour

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Non Communicable Diseases In Pakistan: Burden, Challenges And Way Forward For Health Care Authorities, Mohammad Wasay, Shehla Zaidi, Maria Khan, Rashid Jooma

Section of Neurology

No abstract provided.

Epidemiology, Determinants And Dynamics Of Cholera In Pakistan: Gaps And Prospects For Future Research., Maliha Naseer, Tanzil Jamali

Community Health Sciences

Cholera is one of the notifiable endemic diseases in Pakistan, but the reporting of cholera cases is still unsatisfactory. Most of the diagnosed cases are never reported to the relevant authorities. In the year 1993 - 2005, the country did not report any single case of cholera to the WHO. The objectives of this review were to understand the epidemiology and to identify the possible determinants of cholera infection in Pakistan. Medscape, Medline, PakMedinet and PubMed, was searched, using key words, epidemiology and determinants of cholera infection in Pakistan during 1995 - 2010. Morbidity and mortality due to cholera infection …

The Role Of Leadership In Creating A Strategic Climate For Evidence-Based Practice Implementation And Sustainment In Systems And Organizations, Gregory A. Aarons, Mark G. Ehrhart, Lauren R. Farahnak, Marisa Sklar

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

There is a growing impetus to effectively implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in health and allied health settings in order to improve the public health impact of such practices. To support implementation and sustainment of EBPs, it is important to consider that health care is delivered within the outer context of public health systems and the inner context of health care organizations and work groups (3). This article identifies two relevant types of leadership for implementation and recommends steps that leaders can take in developing a strategic climate for EBP implementation and sustainment within the outer and inner contexts of health …

Editorial Comment: What Influences The Use Of Administrative Evidence-Based Practices In Local Health Departments?, Christopher M. Maylahn

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In 2012, Frontiers published an article by Allen et al. about identifying administrative and management practices that make up an evidence-based local health department.¹ They recommended that local health departments (LHDs) consider using such practices to implement sustained evidence-based policies, programs, and interventions. Strategies that should be given ‘high priority’ for implementation were highlighted. My accompanying editorial² acknowledged the value of this practical advice to LHDs in optimizing their performance and achieving desired health outcomes.

What Influences The Use Of Administrative Evidence-Based Practices In Local Health Departments?, Kathleen Duggan, Peg Allen, Ross Brownson, Paul C. Erwin, Robert Fields, Rodrigo S. Reis, Carson Smith, Katherine Stamatakis

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Evidence based public health (EBPH) in local health departments (LHDs) is a process that involves translating the best available scientific evidence into practice. However, EBPH and implementation of evidence based programs and policies in LHDs are not widespread. This report outlines the patterns and predictors of the use of administrative evidence based practices (A-EBPs) in a national sample of LHD directors. LHDs can improve performance, prepare for accreditation and ultimately improve community health by utilizing an administrative evidence based process.

Annual Report Of The National Coordinating Center For Public Health Services & Systems Research, Year Four, Glen P. Mays, F. Douglas Scutchfield, Anna Goodman Hoover

UKCPHSSR Research Briefs and Reports

The National Coordinating Center for Public Health Services and Systems Research (PHSSR), together with the Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRN) Program, works to expand the production and application of evidence on how best to organize, finance and deliver public health strategies that improve population health. The Center designs and conducts research studies, provides technical assistance and direction for other researchers across the U.S., develops methodological advances in measurement and analysis, and accelerates the translation and dissemination of research findings for policy and practice stakeholders.

Cross-Disciplinary Sciences At Gettysburg College: Second Annual Poster Presentation, X-Sig

Student Publications

This booklet includes Biology student presentations by: Taylor Bury, Abigail Dworkin-Brodsky, Mary Pearce, Jasper Leavitt, Morgan Panzer, Ellen Petley, Kalli Qutub, Taylor Randell, Samantha Eck, Lana McDowell, Jenn Soroka, Celina Harris, Natalie Tanke, Alexandra Turano, and Caroline Garliss.

This booklet includes Biochemistry & Molecular Biology student presentations by: Matthew Dunworth, Andrew Sydenstricker, Brianne Tomko, Albert Vill, Warren Campbell, David Van Doren, Kevin Mrugalski, Stacey Heaver, Alecia Achimovich, and Katherine Boas.

This booklet includes Chemistry student presentations by: Kristen Baker, Laura Lee, Kathryn Fodale, Daniel Ruff, Michael Counihan, Ida DiMucci, Joshua Sgroi, Celina Harris, and Natalie Tanke.

This booklet include Health …

Medicaid Pays For That? An Exploratory, Mixed-Methods Analysis Of Florida Home Birth, Nicole K. Demetriou

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The overwhelming social norm for pregnant women in the U.S. is to receive prenatal care from an obstetrician and to give birth in a hospital setting. However, the incidence of midwifery care and out-of-hospital birth is increasing, particularly among White, non-Hispanic women. Florida has been considered a "model" state for home birth midwifery given legislative support that mandates coverage of all types of midwifery (e.g., Certified Professional Midwives and Certified Nurse-Midwives) care in all birth settings (e.g., hospital, home, birth center) and by all forms of insurance (e.g., commercial and Medicaid). Medicaid is the payer source for nearly half of …

Applicator Exposure To Glycol Derivatives And Total Volatile Organic Compounds During The Application Of Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation, Michael Brian Kaniuga

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There is currently high demand for new building materials which are considered "environmentally friendly" or "green" for both new construction and renovations. Spray polyurethane foam (SPUF) insulation has gained significant acceptance by both consumers and the construction industry due to its high R-value, which results into significant energy savings among other things. Despite its acceptance by consumers and the construction industry, consideration must be given to potential chemical exposures to applicators installing these products.

This study sought to determine, through quantitative experimentation, if there was a release of glycol derivatives including, diethylene glycol (DEG), ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol …

Rencana Aksi Pelayanan Berkesinambungan Rawat Jalan Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Citra Rsup Fatmawati, Andi Wahyuningsih Attas

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

This study aims to identify the continuous action plan in Fatmawati General Hospital outpatient services in order to increase the Fatmawati General Hospital’s image. The study is conducted through interviewing patients, health workers, managements staff, and the macro analysis is done through policy analysis. The results showed that thegap in outpatient service is in the compatibility quality (service speed, drug completeness, comfort) and communication. The dissatisfaction occured in Fatmawati General Hospitals is the cultivation of the main root problem which is the rising numbered of patients as a result of the referral system ineffectiveness. The action plan designed in a …

Rencana Strategis Pengembangan Pusat Kanker Nasional Indonesia, Sebuah Studi Kasus, Sonar Soni Panigoro

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Cancer is a chronic disease and its prevalence is increasing nowadays. Uptudate, Indonesia doesn’t have a comprehensive program for National Cancer Control. This study aims to develop a strategic plan for the development of National Cancer Center for Indonesia. This study is conducted by using operational research approach, and is conducted during the months of March to December 2013 by involving various stakeholders. In Indonesia, cancer is the third killer disease among the NCD (Non Communicable Disease), the incidence is increasing as well as the funding for cancer treatment. All informants expressed the importance of establishing a national institute that …

Hasil Pengobatan Dan Variasi Biaya Tb-Mdr/Xdr Dengan Strategi Pmdt Di Rsup Persahabatan, Priyanti Soepandi

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

The treatment duration of MDR-TB patients is very long approximately, 18 until 24 months and the cost is very expensive. This study aimed to find out the treatment outcome as well as the cost variation of MDR/XDR-TB patients. This is an operational research using quantitative and qualitative mix methods. The sample were treatedMDR/XDR-TB patients who started the treatment from August 2009 until December 31, 2010. Total number of sample were 104 patients. The study revealed that the duration of treatment for XDR-TB patients is longer than MDR TB patients with lower success rate. The cost per patient of TB XDR …

Analisis Kelengkapan Catatan Rekam Medis Kasus Tetralogy Of Fallot Pada Implementasi Ina-Cbgs Di Rspjn Harapan Kita, Indriwanto Sakidjan

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

This qualitative study discusses the inaccuracies on medical record entry charging, and inaccuracy on coding that caused provider bear the financial risk in the case of Tetralogy of Fallot in INA-CBG at the Pediatric Cardiology and congenital heart disease unit RS Harapan Kita from January-September 2013. This study showed that 21.4% of cases with incomplete secondary diagnosis and the difference between the claim of Rp 251.273.615,- (4%). Factors contributed incomplete secondary diagnoses are: responsiblity, physical facilities, standard operating procedure of medical record, training, monitoring, and socialization. Therefore, tt is recommended to improve: physical facilities, structure and infra-structure, standard operating procedure …

Evaluasi Tata Kelola Rumah Sakit Badan Layanan Umum Pada 4 Rumah Sakit Vertikal Kelas A Di Jawa Dan Bali, Lia G. Partakusuma

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

A hospital as an institution needs to implement good corporate governance and good clinical governance to improve service quality continuously. Public Service Agency (BLU) is a government agency established in order to provide services to the community in the form of supply of goods and/or services being sold without profit and doing activities based on the principles of efficiency and productivity. The government realized the needs for flexibility in healthy business practices of various institution, so it has issued Government Regulation No. 23, 2005 (PP 23/2005) of the Financial Management BLU and allow its application to be implemented in a …